Famous Institution Research Articles

Воспитание специалистов транспортной отрасли: из опыта старейшего транспортного вуза России

Analyzed is historical experience in breeding of engineers of transport communications in Emperor Alexander the First Petersburg state transport university. For the first time in national literature presented is generalized characteristic of unique experience of breeding of young specialists at the first transport and engineering building institute of Russia. Presented is comparative-historical analysis of influence on brains and hearts of young Russians in oldest transport university of the country. As scientific hypothesis, given is supposition, that during more than 210 years of functioning of famous transport institution in breeding of engineers of transport on various stages there were solving similar tasks, and reckoning similar factors, and discovered were common tendencies and features in the process of breeding work of scientific-pedagogical collective. The process of breeding of future engineers of ways of communication examined is on material of four significant periods in the history of university.

Казанская художественная школа и её наследие в собрании Государственного музея изобразительных искусств Республики Татарстан

Kazan Art School is a famous Russian educational institution that became an art educational center in the Volga-Kama Region and the Trans-Urals. In 2020, the school represented by N.I. Feshin Kazan Art College celebrates its 125th anniversary. It was opened under the direct tutelage of the Imperial Academy of Arts (1895) on the initiative of the Academy graduates, natives of the Kazan Region N.N. Belkovich, G.A. Medvedev, H.N. Skornyakov, I.A. Denisov, and Yu.I. Thyssen with the assistance of the city authorities. The historical walls of the school are marked by the teaching and pedagogical contribution of such legendary personalities as N.I. Feshin, P.P. Benkov and B.I. Urmanche, A.M. Rodchenko, P.A. Radimov, P.M. Dulsky, D.D. Burliuk, V.K. Timofeyev and other famous masters of the Russian art. The collection of the State Museum of Fine Arts of the Republic of Tatarstan contains the main artistic heritage of the school of the pre-revolutionary period and the first years of Soviet history (1895–1920s), which is considered in the given article. Conventionally, this legacy consists of three main parts. The main part includes works by the founders, teachers and students of the Kazan Art School. It is a fairly extensive collection of several hundred paintings and graphic works, as well as a small number of sculptural exhibits. The collection gives an opportunity to get acquainted with typical examples of the creative manner of the main representatives of the school. All of them are characterized by a special individuality of the visual language, but a diverse visual range is united by a common culture of vision. The collection is also particularly valuable due to the fact that it presents rare famous examples of the work of such artists as Yu.I. Thyssen, L.F. Ovsyannikov, F.P. Gavrilov, N.I. Mikhailov and others. An art museum operated at the Kazan school, which was created with the active involvement of the Academy of Arts.The museum operates at the school in a transformed form up to the present day. The collection of the Fine Arts Museum of the republic contains the bulk of the works of this collection, which gives an idea of the scale of the Academy of Arts activities to support the school with donated works. There are about 80 of them in total. The names of many are well known in the history of Russian art: I.E. Repin, I.I. Shishkin, A.P. Bogolyubov, K.E. Makovsky, V.V. Mate, A.F. Gausch, F.S. Zhuravlev, A.A. Kiselev, R.F. Franz and others. The museum collection also contains works by the most famous student of the Kazan Art School – Nikolai Ivanovich Feshin (1881–1955), who later was an equally famous school teacher (since 1909). The largest collection of Feshin's works in Russia, including painting, graphics, sculpture, decorative and applied art of the master (over 180 works) is kept in Kazan.

The failed institutionalization of "complexity science": A focus on the Santa Fe Institute's legitimization strategy.

"Complexity sciences" are an interdisciplinary and transnational domain of study that aims at modeling natural and social "complex systems." They appeared in the 1970s in Europe and the United States, but were boosted in the mid-1980s by the Santa Fe Institute (SFI) under the formula of "science of complexity." This small but famous institution is the object of the present article. According to their promissory ambitions and to the enthusiastic claims of some scientific journalists, complexity sciences were going to revolutionize all of knowledge and even private and public actors who had learned to master them. In the light of this, one would expect to observe a well-established and autonomous research and educational field, capable of reproducing itself through professional institutions. Yet this is not the case. To explain the paradox, I propose to combine different models of history and sociology of emergent and declining domains, in order to give account of the rise and failure of complexity sciences.

Update for Dental Education: Teaching and Learning Methods

ÖZET Lisans diş hekimliği eğitimindeki hedefimiz; bir sonraki jenerasyonun yalnızca hastaların konforu sağlayan ve beklentilerini gideren mezunlar değil, toplum ihtiyaçlarına hizmet eden ve popülasyonun ağız sağlığını iyileştiren yetkin diş hekimleri olmalarını sağlamaktır. Mezunların yaşam boyu öğrenmeye yönlendirilmesi, yenilikçi ve geleneksel eğitim yöntemlerinin bir arada kullanılmasıyla eğitime klinik gerçekliğin yansıtılması fakültelerin sorumluluğundadır. Önümüzdeki yıllarda, akademik mükemmellik ölçülebilir ve elle tutulabilir terimler ile tarif edilecektir. Sadece ünlü bir okul olmak yetmeyecek; eğitimde standartları belirleyip yerine getirmeden, kalite değerlendirmelerini yapmak mümkün olmayacaktır. Fakültelerin kendi koşulları için en uygun eğitim model/lerine karar vermelerine ışık tutması beklenerek, bu derleme çalışmasında geleneksel ve yenilikçi birçok eğitim ve öğrenim modeli sunulmaktadır. Anahtar kelimeler: Diş hekimliği eğitimi, yeterlik, öğrenme yöntemleri

L’expérience des classes nouvelles à Saint-Martin de France (1945-1950)

This text comes back to the so-called “new classes” experience of Saint-Martin de France, the famous institution of French Catholic education located in Pontoise, north-west of Paris. After indicating its originality in relation to the “new classes” of public education, the pedagogical principles and educational orientations from which some classes of this institution would operate between 1945 and 1949 are recalled. Finally, a review of this experience returns to the polemics and skepticism which will accompany this attempt of educational renovation. Keywords: New education, experience, pedagogy, Catholic teaching system.

The experience of the new classes in Saint-Martin de France (1945-1950)

This text comes back to the so-called “new classes” experience of Saint-Martin de France, the famous institution of French Catholic education located in Pontoise, north-west of Paris. After indicating its originality in relation to the “new classes” of public education, the pedagogical principles and educational orientations from which some classes of this institution would operate between 1945 and 1949 are recalled. Finally, a review of this experience returns to the polemics and skepticism which will accompany this attempt of educational renovation.Keywords: New education, experience, pedagogy, Catholic teaching system.

A STIMULATING FACTOR OR AN ARTIFICIAL SELECTION: THE SCHOLARSHIPS AT THE MOSCOW CONSERVATORY BEFORE 1917

The article is devoted to the phenomenon of scholarships at the Moscow Conservatory before 1917. Scholarships in the period were considered as a kind of grant that allowed talented low-income young people to get a decent education in this famous institution. On the basis of materials from the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, the article analyzes in detail the conditions and procedure for assigning the scholarships. For example, there is found a difference in the purposes of philanthropists, which influenced the conditions for allocation of the scholarship funds. The founders of the scholarships are divided into two groups: public organizations (Moscow Branch of the Imperial Russian Musical Society (IRMO, RMO), Moscow City Administration, Empress Maria’s Department) and individuals (usually large patrons). Each group had its own characteristics in the selection of scholars. The scholarships were assigned solely on the criteria of talent and zeal. Thus, many individual scholarship founders had their own goals (to perpetuate the memory of their loved ones or provide education to their descendants). Among the restrictions (conditions) put forward by them for future scholars, there were the following: specialty, gender, social origin, place of birth, religion. Deprivation of scholarship was subordinated to more objective criteria: mainly taken into account the negligence of the scholar or their noncompliance with learning standards. The procedure of scholarship deprivation was not clearly spelled out in legal terms, but in most cases it was decided by the Artistic Council or personally by the Director of the Conservatory. In conclusion, the article puts forward the idea of updating the motivating role of scholarships in the modern Russian education.

Experience of the Eliava Institute in bacteriophage therapy.

The rapid propagation of multidrug resistant bacterial strains is leading to renewed interest in bacteriophage therapy. With challenges in the treatment of bacterial infections, it is essential for people worldwide to understand how alternative approaches, such as bacteriophages, could be used to combat antibiotic resistant bacteria. The Eliava Institute of Bacteriophages, Microbiology and Virology (Tbilisi, Georgia) is arguably the most famous institution in the world focused on the isolation, study, and selection of phages active against a variety of bacterial pathogens.

Диагноз – слава (Незаконченная история Европейского университета в Санкт-Петербурге)

SUMMARY: Boris Kolonitskii’s essay addresses the history and nature of the European University in St. Petersburg (EU) with respect to the suspension of its activities and the debate that it aroused. The author is not sure whether this article will turn out to be an obituary or not. He makes a prediction that in light of the eventual closing of the university its history will be either eulogized or scorned. The sign of the latter attitude is already visible. This will make the critical assessment of the role of the European University in Russian and international scholarship and education impossible. Therefore Kolonitskii proposes to go beyond stereotypes (e.g., the EU as a well-paid agent of Westernization, the university as a homogenous institution and an embodiment of truly cosmopolitan knowledge) and looks at this institution as a laboratory of contemporary social knowledge. The author notes that the EU was a rather heterogeneous structure that hosted different departmental cultures and people with varying views on the nature and future of education and scholarship in the field of social sciences and humanities. He also notes that the university reproduced some of the drawbacks of the Soviet model of the university, i.e., the isolation of departments and the lack of interdisciplinary dialogue. Scrutinizing the structure of the university, Kolonitskii calls it a federative empire with complex and varying arrangements of autonomy and control. After a comprehensive survey of differences and cleavages in the intellectual and organizational set up of the university, the author asks how the integrity of the university is possible, and upon what does it rest. The suggested answer is that the intelligentsia’s stylistic and ethical code formed the basis of the university. It developed from the very beginning as a means of sociability by the faculty and students, and continues to ensure the solidarity of the corporation, and precludes the splits despite the crisis. The author then adds that one of the distinguishing features of the European University and the pillars of its integrity is its flexible and creative climate, the spirit of criticism and the eagerness to improve. The article then surveys a number of problems that the EU faces and warns against the danger of becoming a famous institution, where fame is due to a political crisis around the institution. This, as the author argues, might prevent the institution from addressing the real problems that it faces and forestall the full realization of the institution’s most promising features.

Quelques inédits attribués à Antoine III Stoudite

This article contains the first-time edition of several texts (catéchèses, a letter and a prayer) attributed to Antony Studite, patriarch of Constantinople from 973 to 978. Some were composed before his accession to the patriarchate. On the whole, they shed light on the itinerary, culture and spirituality of a little-known ecclesiastic official. Antony, who is now known to have been one of the superiors of the Studios monastery, perfectly illustrates the great influence exerted in the later part of the tenth century by that famous institution, both on the monks and on the imperial household.

In a Worsening Situation, Treatment can do More Good than Harm

A long time ago, at the Salpêtrière hospital in Paris, I was involved as ‘Chef de Clinique’ (roughly similar to a senior resident) in the management of a patient whose...

Trade Weiss‐Rosmarin: Rebel with a cause

A German‐born immigrant Jewish woman with a doctorate, a facile tongue, and a new husband, embarked on the road to magazine publishing with the only independent magazine of Jewish ideas in America in 1935. It quickly became the highly critical, creative but controversial publication of intellectuals, covering the whole spectrum of American‐Jewish life. The focus of Jewish survival in an assimilationist milieu, events of historic import in this century, and the role of Jewish women are analyzed. Trude Weiss, reared in an assimilationist German household, earned the title of “rebel” at an early age. She studied with Martin Buber and Franz Rosenzweig at the famous Jewish institution for “enlightened” education, the Lehrhaus. She also came under the influence of Bertha Pappenheim (who was a patient of Freud), and others involved in the German feminist movement. She and her rabbi‐Ph.D. husband began a school of adult education for Jewish women in New York City. Soon they added a newsletter, which grew into a m...

Pluralism and Progressives: Hull House and the New Immigrants, 1890-1919.

The settlement house movement, launched at the end of the nineteenth century by men and women of the upper middle class, began as an attempt to understand and improve the social conditions of the working class. It gradually came to focus on the mainly Italians, Slavs, Greeks, and Jews who figured so prominently in this changing working class. Hull House, one of the first and best-known settlement houses in the United States, was founded in September 1889 on Chicago's West Side by Jane Addams and Ellen G. Starr. In a major new study of this famous institution and its place in the movement, Rivka Shpak Lissak reassesses the impact of Hull House on the nationwide debate over the place of immigrants in American society.

Do broadcasters owe a duty to the state?∗

Many men and women in broadcasting make their name, but only occasionally does one leave his print upon his times. Reith, of course, did, and so did Hugh Carleton Greene. But it is not only BBC directorsgeneral and chairmen of ITV companies alone who are remembered. The man in the BBC who stood head and shoulders above his contemporaries was Huw Wheldon. For 25 years, as producer, director, commentator and author, his own creative talents were matched by his ability to inspire others to discover their own. It was he who insisted on the principles that have made British television so remarkable. 'No real programme', he said, 'was ever made by a committee. You insure yourself against a failure by having one, but you also ensure against a triumph.' He pinned his faith in the individual in his talent, originality and imagination. But if dedication to quality was part of Huw Wheldon, so too was his dedication to the Corporation. In the last analysis the ideals of the BBC came first: they are bigger, he said, than any individual. He knew that the BBC, as a world-wide famous institution, would time and again be judged as speaking, not for the Government, but for Britain, for the State. And therefore it had obligations to the State. He knew that the BBC is specifically bound to remember these obligations because it is financed by a compulsory licence fee. Today Huw Wheldon's view is disputed; and that is why I want to consider this evening whether broadcasters owe any duty to the State. I got to know Huw Wheldon when I was Chairman of the Committee on the Future of Broadcasting. And it is now just over ten years ago that he retired from the BBC and our Report was published. When I look back at what our Report said I am struck by a paradox. The recommendations in our Report on the organization of broadcasting were thought to be too bureaucratic and inflationary. I thought there was some truth in this. Committees of Enquiry do not get things right first time. Too many trade-offs and silly statements are allowed to stand in order to avoid minority reports or paragraphs of dissent. Contrary to public belief civil

What MS/OR Groups Do: The Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas

Everyone is, or should be, interested in the Federal Reserve Bank, which influences all our daily lives. While we tremulously await the next prime rate adjustment, this article provides a fascinating insight into the origins, structure, and contributions of MS/OR within the “11th District” of this famous institution. This paper has been written jointly by Thomas F. Siems, currently project leader in the Operations Analysis Department of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas and Timothy L. Urban, who formerly held a similar post in the same group but is now at the University of Tulsa—Alan Kitchener.

Un entrepreneur des sciences sociales

A Manager in Social Sciences. By Olivier Dumoulin. Fernand Braudel is most of the time admired for his style. But what if the essential part of his work were not inhis writings on history but in his enterprise as master builder ? O. Dumoulin shows the prominent role of thehistorian in the making of the historical French school a world famous institution.

The morass of tumor markers

'Current tumor markers are neither highly sensitive nor tumor specific.' A. L. PohP The hope of finding some unique meta- bolic products or unique components of malignant cells circulating in body fluids which can be measured is as old as mod- em biochemistry. The term 'tumor marker' for such an entity was coined by Morton K. Schwartz of the Sloan Ket- tering Institute. An effective tumor marker should be specific for malig- nancy, provide a minimum of false-posi- tives and false-negatives, indicate the extensiveness of the malignancy, and preferably diminish or disappear after effective therapy. At a recent International Conference held in Vienna under the auspices of the Society For Early Detection of Cancer, someone calculated that there were reports on almost 90 different tumor markers. Unfortunately, none of these putative tumor markers meet the above qualifications even partly. There are two major reasons for this. The most obvious is the pressing need for a scien- tist to get his work published in order to obtain funds. This makes it tempting for eager individuals to publish results pre- maturely, without establishing whether the results are statistically meaningful. For example, I recently read the follow- ing about a new tumor marker: '99% of normals had values ranging from 1 to 35'; numbers of individuals, means and stan- dard deviations were not reported (this was in an important journal of gynecol- ogy from a famous institution). I was appalled by the total lack of assessments of the significance of the scant data on which conclusions were drawn. About fifty years ago, my mentor for my gradu- ate studies was the distinguished bio- chemist, H. T. Clarke. Although he was a courteous English gentleman, he would have flayed me alive in front of my colleagues had I given a report with data like that.

A human picture of a famous institution

A human picture of a famous institution

The Royal Observatory and the study of gravitation

We celebrate today the tercentenary of Britain’s senior and—as some amongst us would boldly declare—most famous institution for scientific investigation. The Royal Observatory at Greenwich began life in 1675 with unequalled advantages: it shared the Royal Founder of the Royal Society; it had John Flamsteed for first ‘observator and keeper’ and he proved to be one of rhe greatest observational astronomers in history; it had Wren for architect; its first half-century was in the age of Newton and it had Newton for its first-appointed Visitor. In order in a space of minutes to convey an impression of the operation of the Observatory and its significance in fundamental science, we may contemplate its part in the development of ideas regarding gravitation . The very first equipment Flamsteed had at Greenwich was a pair of splendid Tompion clocks presented by Sir Jonas Moore, F.R.S. These were pendulum clocks keeping what may be called gravitational time. The spinning Earth, producing the movement of the shadow on a sundial, keeps what may be called inertial time. In modern terms, these are essentially astronomers’ Ephemeris Time and Universal Time. To Flamsteed’s lasting credit, he appreciated that he must discover from observation whether these two times are the same, and this was his first important task. So far as he could tell, he did find them to be the same.

Dostoevsky in Florence

mazov. Yet there is hardly any account of his life in Florence except for a few paragraphs in his correspondence and in his wife's reminiscences. Anna mentioned that they lived near the Pitti, but not even the Florentines knew exactly where. Recently the Soviet poet Yevtushenko tried in vain to locate the apartment. The clue lay in Florence, and it led to a new and vivid picture of the painful isolation in which he worked abroad. This was all the more marked because of the extraordinary brilliance of the five short years (1865-1870) when Florence was the capital of the new Italy. Six years earlier, in 1862, Dostoevsky first visited the city with his friend, the critic N. N. Strakhov. The latter says in his reminiscences that they visited the Vieusseux library, where they found Russian periodicals, not easily found elsewhere in Italy. This famous institution was the intellectual cradle of the Risorgimento, and today it is housed in the magnificent Strozzi Palace on Via Tornabuoni. One day not long ago I stopped in to see what materials they might have on Dostoevsky. To my amazement the attendant told me they had Dostoevsky's autographs.