Family Path Research Articles

THE FAMILY EDUCATION ROLE TO COUNTER THE THREAT OF RADICALISM

Abstract
 The existence of extremes religious groups continues to haunt and threat most countries in the world, including Indonesia. Although not monopolized by any particular religion, it is difficult to avoid the stigma that extremes of Islamist groups are still a scourge and in our social mindset. By the time, there is a transformation of the hard line movement starting from the form of organization, orientation of movement, target or target operations, recruitment model and the main issues that are propagated. This paper comes as an effort to unravel one of the dimensions of the transformation of the religious hardline movement, namely the recruitment process of hardline Islamic cadres. In this paper, radicalism is used to identify the doctrines instilled. One of the recruitment models is through the family's path. This phenomenon is actually not recently, because practices like these are already practiced. As example, among the executors of the WTC Bomb, there are several actors that are brothers. This article wants to explore the reasons why families become recruitment media, what issues play out in the process and what factors cause families to easily become recruitment media. At the end of this paper, the author tries to explain about the deradicalization efforts that need to be done in order to strengthen family immunity so as not to be easily exposed to radicalism.
 Keywords: Radicalism, Hardline Movement, family, Recruitment pattern, deradicalization, family immunity.

THE FAMILY EDUCATION ROLE TO COUNTER THE THREAT OF RADICALISM

Abstract The existence of extremes religious groups continues to haunt and threat most countries in the world, including Indonesia. Although not monopolized by any particular religion, it is difficult to avoid the stigma that extremes of Islamist groups are still a scourge and in our social mindset. By the time, there is a transformation of the hard line movement starting from the form of organization, orientation of movement, target or target operations, recruitment model and the main issues that are propagated. This paper comes as an effort to unravel one of the dimensions of the transformation of the religious hardline movement, namely the recruitment process of hardline Islamic cadres. In this paper, radicalism is used to identify the doctrines instilled. One of the recruitment models is through the family's path. This phenomenon is actually not recently, because practices like these are already practiced. As example, among the executors of the WTC Bomb, there are several actors that are brothers. This article wants to explore the reasons why families become recruitment media, what issues play out in the process and what factors cause families to easily become recruitment media. At the end of this paper, the author tries to explain about the deradicalization efforts that need to be done in order to strengthen family immunity so as not to be easily exposed to radicalism. Keywords: Radicalism, Hardline Movement, family, Recruitment pattern, deradicalization, family immunity.

"To Love the Wind and the Rain": African Americans and Environmental History (review)

Reviewed by: “To Love the Wind and the Rain”: African Americans and Environmental History Barbara L. Allen (bio) “To Love the Wind and the Rain”: African Americans and Environmental History. Edited by Dianne D. Glave and Mark Stoll . Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2005. Pp. 288. $55/ $24.95. The emergence of environmental history as a distinct field during the last few decades—essentially as a post–Earth Day discipline—has produced a rich array of research. This scholarship has often been politically charged, even passionate. While the field has expanded to encompass regions beyond the United States and to examine environmental issues of Native Americans and women, comparatively little has been written about African Americans. So it is that "To Love the Wind and the Rain" is a welcome addition to the literature. Arranged chronologically, most of the fourteen chapters are concerned with the twentieth century, although a handful cover topics in the nineteenth century and the antebellum South. Mart Stewart and Scott Giltner both address African Americans and their relationship to the environment under slavery. Stewart focuses on the agricultural contributions of slaves, showing how, in an explicitly repressive institution, people found positive expressions of freedom in the landscape. Hunting and fishing, both in ser-vice to white elites and as subsistence living, are explored in the Giltner chapter. The defiance of authority and the ingenuity of slave customs are interwoven in the rich environmental tapestry that both authors present. Progressive reform and agricultural extension services within the realm of African-American women's gardening are problematized by coeditor Dianne Glave. She argues that productivity rather than proper femininity defined their labor, both in the home and the garden. In "Turpentine Negro," Cassandra Johnson and Josh McDaniel expose the harsh realities of life in the forest, living in camps under the repressive system of debt peonage. The view of living in nature as "the hard life" and moving to the city as "a step up" is a theme repeated in a number of contributions. [End Page 200] Another common theme concerns the difficulties experienced by African Americans seeking to enjoy the amenities of urban parklands and suburbia's green landscape. Colin Fisher's chapter begins with the incident that started the Chicago race riot of 1919—a boy drowning after being hit by a rock when his raft floated into a "whites only" part of Lake Michigan. Fisher ties this incident to a fear of nature by some urban African Americans: while they viewed outdoor leisure and green spaces as an antidote to the ills of urban living, their access was stifled by racist attitudes. This narrative is repeated in Christopher Sellers's intimate oral history of one immigrant family's path from the Virgin Islands, to New York City, to an effort to capture the dream of suburban homeownership on Long Island. His oral history documents a family traveling to Levittown after the 1948 Supreme Court decision banning racially restrictive covenants, only to be told that the development was for whites only. Both Stoll and Glave address the important role of the church in African-American environmental history. The church funded some of the first environmental-justice research in the late twentieth century, and still plays an advocacy role in environmental-justice activism contra that of many white churches, which not only tend to ignore the topic, but in the case of some evangelical sects even oppose the Green movement on the basis of its alliance with liberal politics. In the final chapter of the book, Carl Anthony characterizes African-American environmentalism as a concern for an ecology of life. He explains that "the hidden narrative of race . . . has to do with the fragmentation and disruption of personal and community life, and therefore the quest for wholeness" (p. 205). While this is a very different version of environmental history than narratives about the destruction of forests, the loss of species, the uprooting of indigenous cultures, and the settlement of the West, it is a history that is uniquely American and that also provides an opening for "other," more community-encompassing environmental histories to be written. Barbara L. Allen Dr. Allen is director of the graduate program in...

Wanted: help through the jungle of hospital care

“Experiencing the world of the inpatient was for us, the inpatient family, like landing on Mars”, so writes a mother on p 2022 describing her and her husband's perception of the 2-year journey of her young, chronically ill daughter through the modern medical system—a journey that ended tragically in death. When a child is born prematurely or with a serious medical condition, or falls ill with a serious disease, parents are rapidly thrown into a turmoil of shock, anxiety, and eagerness to do the best they can for their child. Hospitals become places of hope. Doctors and nurses become helpers and companions in the fight against disease and death. Too often, however, we fail in these compassionate roles. In reality, hospitals can be bewildering and frightening places to children and also to their parents and healthy siblings. Medical care can be messy, is often painful, and the outcome may be uncertain. Parents may suddenly have to hand over the responsibility of care for their children to staff they hardly know. They become helpless bystanders. Witnessing the distress of one's sick child is one of the hardest situations for parents to be in. Distress is often caused by pain, and pain recognition can be difficult in young children. In routine practice, pain relief is still not always managed in the best possible way. Repeated necessary procedures, such as venepuncture, frequently—despite the use of local anaesthetic—lead to anticipatory fear. Doctors and nurses will strive to do their best to minimise distress but are often ill-equipped or too busy to provide the level of explanation and emotional support needed by the child and the whole family. Success of new medical interventions is measured by the numbers of patients who survive or the numbers of days those patients stay in hospital. Only rarely are quality of life or the emotional wellbeing of children, let alone their immediate family, in hospital or after discharge, taken into account. “22 children with end-stage cardiomyopathy … were supported by a mechanical assist device as a bridge to first heart transplantation, with a 77% survival rate to hospital discharge”, so the main result of a retrospective study reported in this week's issue is described (p 1967). Such an endpoint is vital if we are to understand the value of this device. But the stark reality of the necessary everyday medical care for these children and their families' anxiety, hope, and grief is hidden by these numbers. This is one of the most serious and perplexing failures of modern medicine. In a few hospitals the specialty of transplantation, like oncology, has been at the forefront of giving special support to patients and their families beyond immediate medical care. Transplant coordinators or oncology liaison officers, especially in tertiary paediatric settings, act as a link between the medical team involved in acute care and the family, and often guide a family's path through the medical system and beyond throughout the patient's life. Many have had a past background as a senior nurse and have now become a patient's and a family's advocate, adviser, helper, and friend giving practical and emotional support in and out of hospital. In its 10-year plan for the National Health Service, published in 2000, the UK Government recognised the need to make its health-care system more patient-centred and family-friendly. It drew up a plan for a Patient Advocacy and Liaison Service (PALS) in every Trust, a move strongly supported by Ian Kennedy, who chaired the inquiry into child deaths at the Bristol Royal Infirmary. The first so-called pathfinder PALS were set up in 2001. Over 500 Trusts now have these services; on average they employ 2·5 full-time staff who provide support, education, and an open ear for any concerns and problems. But this scheme is only the first step to the wider use of patient liaison personnel within a multidisciplinary team. 2·3 people for a whole Trust are simply inadequate. Every single ward that has responsibility for seriously ill patients—children and adults—should have at least two patient or family liaison officers to assist families. With this kind of support, perhaps stories like Michaela's and her parents' will belong to the dark ages of medicine—a time in which, shamefully, it still seems we are living.