Family Educational Background Research Articles

A Study on Parents Attitude Towards Information Technology (IT) Usage by Children

This study explores about the parent’s attitude towards information technology usage by children. This qualitative study follows explorative research design which is based on narratives of 13 parents from Madhyapur, Thimi-Bhaktapur who were selected through purposive sampling. Narratives from in-depth interview with parents are used as data collection tools in the study. Social constructivism, attachment theory and other literature reviews are used to explore the research questions and strengthen the findings of study. Thematic analysis of parent narratives supports to achieve research objectives. This study shows that, majority of parents have positive attitudes towards their children’s usage of information technology in term of education, communication skills rather than risks associated with it. Study found main factors that can mold children’s technology usage are parent-child relationship, family educational and economic background, parenting styles, child’s age, gender and experience.

HOW DOES CONTEXT AFFECT THE PROFESSIONALISM OF DAKWAH OF M.NATSIR IN INDONESIAN ISLAMIC DAKWAH COUNCIL: A PRAGMATICS POINT OF VIEW

M. Natsir is one of the community leaders who is considered a multidimensional figure whose personality, abilities and expertise are very limited. History records that his struggle is always dynamic and gives the best for the Indonesian people and the Islamic religion. This study discusses how the context influences the professionalism of Muhammad Natsir's preaching in the Indonesian Islamic Da'wah Council. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a library research research design. Data was collected using storage techniques sourced from readings/texts and books. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using content analysis method. The results of the study show that M. Natsir is an influential and professional figure in his field, especially in the field of Islam and da'wah. From the internal context it was found that the influence of the family environment, educational background and understanding of religion was evident from his involvement in various important government positions, as well as various organizations including the Indonesian Islamic Da'wah Council. From the external context it was found that M.Natsir's involvement in da'wah work programs to various regions, cadre of qualified preachers through mosques, campuses and Islamic boarding schools, dispatched preachers for even distribution of the reach of da'wah messages. and the fourth; publishing as an effort to provide or entertain what is felt by the Islamic community in the field of literature.

THE PRESENCE OF THE ANTI-STREPTOCOCCUS ANTIBODIES IN THE BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER.

Background: A beta hemolyticus infection can cause a number of infections by different kinds of pathogenic mechanisms in the general population. These can range from streptococcal skin infections to rheumatic valve and heart diseases, as well as brain damage like encephalitis and paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the presence of anti-streptococcus antibodies in bipolar affective disorder with respect to family history, educational background, and gender differences. Methodology: The sample was collected with patient consent during the past year from the Bolan Medical College Complex Hospital, the Quetta Department of Psychiatry’s out door and in-door patients and from private referrals. A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 100 patients with a history of elated mood and low-grade fever in the absence of obvious causes, or if any causes were discovered after treatment, was conducted after carrying out their general physical and systemic examinations in order to include them in this study. Results: The positive anti streptolysin-o (ASO-titer) meaning more than 200 IU, is set for a positive result for the presence of the streptococcal antibody levels. In this study, the authors found a 29% prevalence of positivity. The variables are positive psychiatric family history, no education or poor educational background, and the third variable is the way the gender-based differences are, in males, the results are 71.7% and in females, it is 70% negative. Conclusion: The female gender, poor educational background, and positive family history are the main outcomes of this study.

Preterm nutrition and neurodevelopmental outcomes

Survival of preterm infants has been steadily improving in recent years because of many recent advances in perinatal and neonatal medicine. Despite these advances, the growth of survivors does not reach the ideal target level of the normal fetus of the same gestational age. Postnatal weight gain is often not achieved because extrauterine growth has higher energy requirements than intrauterine growth, due to the intensive care environment, illness and inadequate nutrition. Although many other factors influence infant brain development, including family socioeconomic and educational background, the role of nutrition is considerable and fortunately, amenable to intervention. In the preterm neonate, the brain is the most metabolically demanding organ, consuming the largest proportions of energy and nutrient intake for its function and programmed growth and maturation. Weight gain, linear and head circumference growth are all markers of nutritional status and are independently associated with long-term neurodevelopment. Brain development is not only the result of nutrients intake, but in addition, of the interaction with growth factors which depend on adequate nutrient supply and overall health status. This explains why conditions such as sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis and chronic lung disease alter the distribution and accretion of nutrients thereby suppressing growth factor synthesis. In this review, we will focus on the direct role of nutrition on neurodevelopment, emphasizing why it should be started without delay. The nutritional requirements of the preterm infant will be discussed, followed by the effects of general nutritional interventions and specific nutrients, as well as the role of nutritional supplements on neurodevelopment. The primordial role of human breast milk, breast milk fortifiers and human milk oligosaccharides will be discussed in detail. We will also examine the role of nutrition in preventing neonatal complications which can affect neurodevelopment in their own right.

Improving Low Achiever Students’ Participation in Mathematics Classroom: The Case of Bule Hora University 1styear Mathematics Students

Students’ active participation is unavoidable building block to promote learning. Therefore, active participation is realized and lively when every student contributes his/her role to the instructional process. The objective of this study is to identify factors responsible for low participation of low achiever 1 st year mathematics students and to improve their participation. Purposive sampling technique was used to select sample participant. Secondary source, observation, interview, focus group discussions and questionnaires were employed to generate data. Descriptive survey research design was employed. The results show that most of students were participating from rarely to sometimes (80%) in mathematics class room. In addition, most of students’ mathematics performance was satisfactory (50-60) on average in the preparatory school. Most of the students’ family educational background is illiterate (73%) who have engaged in laborious activities that demand the help of their students after schooling rather than advising for students’ academic success. Majority of students have negative attitude towards mathematics in that most of them agreed and strongly agreed to negative statements as well as disagreed and strongly disagreed for positive statements. Interviewed instructors also said that lower achiever students seem be hopeless in their academic carrier but they simply avail themselves in the classroom not for learning but for attendance. Generally, shyness, fear of friends’ criticism, family educational background, fear to make a mistakes, lack of back ground on the course, negative attitude for mathematics which is a key for participation, misunderstanding on the importance of mathematics and the need of more refreshment are the main factors for low participation of lower achiever students. Create awareness, giving tutorial and employing variety of teaching methods were the action plans which were implemented properly in two consecutive months. Even though, practitioners' intervention didn’t bring significant change in the first two weeks, students’ participation had increased in the second two weeks of the first month. Then after, practitioners continued their intervention and observed that students’ participation had improved to the greater extent for the last four consecutive weeks in the second month continuously. We believe our findings and intervention could have a profound implication on academic issues related to promoting genuine participation of students. Keywords: low achiever Students, participation, action plan, implementation, evaluation DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-13-01 Publication date: May 31 st 2021

What enables the “meritocratic power” of a college degree? Changing labor market outcomes of first-generation college graduates in post-revolution China

Taking advantage of changes in college admissions and the labor market in post-revolution China, this study sheds light on the institutional conditions under which a college degree may “equalize” the influence of family educational background on labor market outcomes. We examine differences in the first job’s occupational attainment and economic returns between first-generation, second-generation, and non-college graduates. We compare birth cohorts with distinctive experiences, some of whom entered college through political recommendation while others did so through objective examination, and some of whom attained their first job through state assignment while others did so through market matching. We find that a college degree only equalized occupational attainment in cohort 1980–1992, who experienced expanded test-based admissions and a developed labor market. Within-occupation economic returns were equalized in cohort 1966–1979, who experienced test-based admissions and yet an underdeveloped labor market, but appeared to be unequal again in cohort 1980–1992, echoing rising social inequality.

Environmental Literacy Level Comparison of Undergraduates in the Conventional and ODLs Universities in Sri Lanka

Developing positive attitudes by upgrading the environmental literacy level is very important to protect nature from anthropogenic pressures. This study evaluates existing knowledge, awareness, attitude and behavior, perceived issues, and solutions of undergraduates on major environmental issues of two national universities with different teaching methods of the Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL: open distance learning) and the University of Peradeniya (UP: conventional). A questionnaire survey (29 structured and 04 open-ended items) was adapted with 800 undergraduates of engineering, science, management, law, and arts/ social sciences disciplines. We computerized descriptive statistics, such as frequency and cross-tabulation, and mean comparison using the SPSS software. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) of existing environmental knowledge in undergraduates of two universities. However, there was a significant difference in undergraduates’ family income (F = 5.387, p < 0.001) and family educational background (p < 0.05) with environmental knowledge. School education played a main role in building environmental concepts for undergraduates. The environmental attitude and behavior of both student groups showed a fairly favorable status. The majority of respondents suggested that TV and radio were the most effective media for environmental awareness. Undergraduates of the OUSL and UP were more interested in “tree planting”/ “gardening” (22.7%) and “hiking (mountain climbing)” (25.7%), respectively. Both OUSL and UP groups recognized “global warming” as the major global environmental issue and air pollution as the local issue. This study highlights the importance of building environmental knowledge among undergraduates, mainly on global and local environmental issues, to improve sustainable environment management.

The influence of gender and family educational background on leisure satisfaction among Spanish adolescents

ABSTRACT This article examines the impact of gender and family educational background on the leisure satisfaction of Spanish secondary school-age students (12-16 years). The research design consisted of a quantitative study in the form of a questionnaire (the reduced version of Beard and Ragheb’s (1980) Leisure Satisfaction Scale), which was completed by a sample of 1887 secondary school students in Galicia (Spain). The results indicate a moderate level of satisfaction with leisure activities among the teenagers surveyed, with significant variations observed in relation to gender and parental educational level. Girls from families with a low level of educational attainment were found to be more likely to pass up leisure opportunities than boys, revealing a double gap (educational and gender-based) with regard to leisure satisfaction and a greater risk of precarious leisure. Future research in this area should focus on the development of Leisure Education programmes for children and adolescents.

Factors affecting higher education demand in India: an interpretive review

India's higher education system is vast, diverse, complex, and experiencing growing demand which is influenced by multifarious factors. This study identifies 10 factors influencing this demand from literature review and expert opinion and develops a conceptual framework through modified total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) to interpret significant causal and hierarchical linkages. Although the findings indicate all identified factors to be critical, the variables family educational background and globalisation are found to have the most influence on higher education demand in India. The study also reveals several links that are not clearly visible using plain observation. The study breaks fresh ground considering that the existing literature has investigated the subject at the institutional or sectoral level, while this study examines it at the national level. The study provides fresh insights into the interrelationships of these factors while untangling the logic behind their linkages. The results are of value to policy planners and scholars alike.

Factors affecting higher education demand in India: an interpretive review

India's higher education system is vast, diverse, complex, and experiencing growing demand which is influenced by multifarious factors. This study identifies 10 factors influencing this demand from literature review and expert opinion and develops a conceptual framework through modified total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) to interpret significant causal and hierarchical linkages. Although the findings indicate all identified factors to be critical, the variables family educational background and globalisation are found to have the most influence on higher education demand in India. The study also reveals several links that are not clearly visible using plain observation. The study breaks fresh ground considering that the existing literature has investigated the subject at the institutional or sectoral level, while this study examines it at the national level. The study provides fresh insights into the interrelationships of these factors while untangling the logic behind their linkages. The results are of value to policy planners and scholars alike.

The Political Development of Valencia City, Bukidnon: A Historical Survey

This study was conducted to identify the mayors of Valencia City, Bukidnon from the years 2001 to 2016. The results and discussion of the study is presented in the following manner: the Family Background, Educational Background, and Political Carrier; and to determine the policies and programs/ projects implemented by these City Mayors during their term of office which were intended for Women, Youth Sector, Health and Sanitation, Peace and Order and Senior Citizens. As a historical research, this study employed both descriptive and narrative methods in documenting the political developments of Valencia City. As a historical survey, the researchers collected the data for analysis of the development of the city. It also asked questions to key informants of the study who have observed the development of Valencia City which is attributed to the city’s administrators or leaders from the years covered. The researchers primarily utilized descriptive historical method obtained from primary and secondary sources. Primary sources included the Valencia City SocioEconomic Profile (2001- 2014), Valencia City Annual Accomplishment Reports (2001 to 2012 and 2016), Valencia City Resolutions and Memorandums (2001- 2016). Published or unpublished materials like books, journals, articles undergraduate theses and internet sources which are relevant and are related to this study considered by the researchers as secondary sources. This research also employed information from oral history through oral interviews. The researchers conducted personal interviews with 20 personalities served as key informants of the study. The researcher prepared guide questions for scientific and spontaneous flow and direction of the talks during the conduct of the interview. Written accounts and oral histories through an interview with 20 key informants were utilized. Data were then validated through the use of internal and external criticism. In this study, the researchers have found out that the developments of Valencia City, Bukidnon are due to the extent of local governance as practiced by the local leaders in the said city, particularly because the City is consistently awarded the Seal of Good Governance (SGLG). Moreover, significant programs are implemented that affects the lives of women, youths, senior citizens and the locals in general. Thus, the result of the study upholds consciousness and awareness to the Valencianos of what their city had gone through. And, enriched the appreciation and recognition of the locals to the socio-political developments and as well as the heritage of their respective communities, to Valencia City and the province of Bukidnon in general.

Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors for Renouncing Further Active Therapy for Patients with Brain Metastasis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

BackgroundAs patients with brain metastasis (BM) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have dismal prognosis, some of them decide to discontinue further treatment for BM. The objective of this study was to determine factors for renouncing further active therapy in patients with BM of NSCLC, focusing on their demographic and socioeconomic status.MethodsMedical records of 105 patients with radiological diagnosis of BM of NSCLC for the recent 11 years at authors' institution were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical features as well as demographic and socioeconomic characteristics such as marriage status, cohabiting family members, religious affiliations, educational background, and economic responsibility were reviewed.ResultsMedian overall survival (OS) was 13.84 (95% CI: 10.26–17.42) years in 67 patients (group A) who underwent active treatment (radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) and 4.76 (95% CI: 3.12–6.41) years in 38 patients (group B) who renounced active treatment. Less patients were unmarried (p=0.046), more cohabitating family members (p=0.008), and economically independent (p=0.014) in group A than those in group B. Similarly, the unmarried, and none cohabitating family members had short OS (5.17 and 7.38 years, respectively). In multivariate analysis for predisposing factors of OS in these patients, the following demographic and socioeconomic factors had independent significance: marriage status and cohabitating family members.ConclusionThis study suggests that demographic and socioeconomic status as well as clinical factors could influence the decision of further active treatment and prognosis of patients with BM of NSCLC.

Status quo of uncertainty in illness in family members of ICU patients receiving acute trauma surgery and its influencing factors

Objective To explore the status quo of uncertainty in illness in family members of ICU patients receiving acute trauma surgery and to discuss its influencing factors. Methods Totally 166 family members of patients receiving acute trauma surgery who were hospitalized in the ICU of 3 ClassⅢ Grade A hospitals in Heilongjiang Province from January 2016 to September 2017 were selected by convenient sampling, and investigated with the general information questionnaire, Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale-Family Member Form (MUIS-MF) . Results The MUIS-MF score of the family members of the 138 ICU patients receiving acute trauma surgery was (112.77±8.02) . There were statistical differences in the MUIS-MF scores in the dimensions of respirators used or not, time of admission into ICU and patient's state of consciousness (P<0.05) . There were statistical differences in the MUIS-MF scores between family members with different family monthly income and educational background (P<0.05) . Conclusions Family member of ICU patients receiving acute trauma surgery show severe uncertainty in illness to which clinicians need to pay attention. And clinical workers should provide enough information and communication according to the actual situation of patients and family members to reduce the adverse impacts of uncertainty in illness on family members. Key words: Wounds and injuries; ICU; Uncertainty in illness; Family members

Identifying the key source of deteriorating educational equity in Sweden between 1998 and 2014

Educational equity has deteriorated in Sweden from the late 1980s onwards. However, it is not clear what the main sources behind this trend are. The present study aims therefore to investigate the development of educational equity at different levels of the Swedish educational system in order to identify possible sources of the change. Students’ school grades and family educational background for the cohorts leaving compulsory school between 1998 and 2014 were analysed in three-level hierarchical models. Increased segregation with respect to student composition and academic outcomes across different schools was found to be the main source of the declining educational equity. The findings are discussed in the light of differentiated learning opportunities, as a result of recent school reforms in Sweden.

Use of standardized visual aids improves informed consent for appendectomy in children: A randomized control trial

BackgroundObtaining informed consent for surgical procedures is often compromised by patient and family educational background, complexity of the forms, and language barriers. We developed and tested a visual aid in order to improve the informed consent process for families of children with appendicitis. MethodsFamilies were randomized to receive either a standard surgical consent or a standard consent plus visual aid. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the effectiveness of adding the visual aid to the consent procedure. ResultsParents in both cohorts were similar in age, gender and education level (p > 0.05). On multivariate analysis, visual consent had the strongest influence on parent/guardian comprehension (OR 4.0; 95%CI 2.2–7.2; p < 0.01), followed by post-secondary education (OR 2.7; 95%CI 1.5–4.9; p < 0.01), and use of external resources to look up appendicitis (OR 2.0; 95%CI 1.1–3.6; p = 0.02). ConclusionVisual aids improve understanding and retention of information given during the informed consent process of children with appendicitis.

The Roles of Entrepreneurship Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, Family, Education, and Gender on Entrepreneurial Intention

This research aims to analyze whether knowledge of entrepreneurship, self-efficacy, family factors and educational background affect intention of student’s entrepreneurship and roles of gender moderator on the influence of entrepreneurial knowledge on student’s entrepreneurial intention. This research was conducted on students of Economics Faculty, Universitas Negeri Medan with a population of 2732 students in the odd semester of 2017. 349 students were analysed as sample and used simple random sampling technique, but the eligible sample were 319 students. It was measured by using Slovin Formula. 6 study programs of Economics Faculty i.e. Accounting, Management, Education Administration Office, Accounting Education, Economic Education, and Education of Commerce used as sample. Data collection of entrepreneurial knowledge, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial intention were collected by using instruments; while data of family background, educational background, and gender were obtained from the identity of the respondents. Data analysis techniques used multiple regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The research finding is entrepreneurial knowledge, self-efficacy, and family factor have a significant impact on student’s entrepreneur intention respectively. The educational background variable does not affect the entrepreneurial intention. While gender is not as a moderating variable on the influence of entrepreneurial knowledge on entrepreneurial intention.

Is University education an investment or a consumption good in a small open economy?

Traditionally, university education (UE) has been considered as an investment in human capital. In the last two decades, however, there is a transitional refocusing that people, by holding a university degree, enjoy certain intangible benefits, such as a lasting feeling of self-fulfilment and self-esteem, i.e., they simply treat UE as a consumption good. In this empirical study we take a broader view of UE by distinguishing and quantifying three kinds of benefits arising from UE: a) monetary benefits; b) social status benefits; c) psychic benefits, using a sample of 832 graduates of three Greek universities. We find that graduates of all three universities enjoy significant psychic benefits which are not influenced by family educational background, while monetary motivations are strong substitutes to psychic motivations, thus a deterioration of monetary incentives, e.g., during a period of economic crisis, will propel psychic benefits to a key motivational issue for undertaking UE.

Knowledge and practice on prevention of diabetes mellitus among Diabetes mellitus family members, in suburban cities in Ethiopia

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the serious non communicable diseases worldwide. Presence of DM patient in a family may be considered as risk factor for other family members to acquire the disease, due to DM inheritance nature and/or similar life style pattern among family members. This paper assessed awareness of DM patients’ family members (DMPFMs) about DM occurrence and prevention. A cross sectional study was conducted in 2014 in two suburban cities of Ethiopia, namely Kemisse, and Kombolcha using an interviewer administered questionnaire among primary or secondary degree DMPFMs and controls. Based on eligibility criteria study participants were selected by health extension workers on house to house visit. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, and P value less than 0.05 considered as statistically significant.ResultsOf the total 347 study participants, 45.5% (n = 158) had DMPFMs. Majority, 60.8% of DMPFMs and 73.0% of controls were males. Mean age of DMPFMs (30.06 years) was less than that of the controls (37.38 years). On living style, 51.9% DMPFMs, and 42.8% of controls were single. In both study groups, the majority of study participants attended grade 7–12. The likelihood of having good level of knowledge among DMPFMs were 2.94 times (AOR = 2.94 95% CI 1.87–4.86) higher compared to those who did not. Those attaining higher educational levels were 3.41 times (AOR = 3.41, 95% CI 1.31–8.91) more likely to have good level of knowledge, as compared to those who were unable to read and write. The likelihood of having good level of positive practice among DMPFMs were 3.38 times (AOR = 3.38% CI 2.05–5.58) higher as compared to controls. Participants who were living in Kombolcha were 2.33 times (AOR = 2.33 95% CI 1.31–4.12) more likely to have good level of practice, as compared to individuals from Kemisse.ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus family members in the Ethiopian suburban cities Kemisse, and Kombolcha had better knowledge and practice about DM compared to controls. But, the overall awareness about DM occurrence and prevention was relatively low. Thus, DM awareness campaigns should be strongly pursued regardless of family history and educational background to prevent further increase of DM in Ethiopia.

Effects of family educational background, dwelling and parenting style on students academic achievement: The case of secondary schools in Bahir Dar

This study predominantly focuses on investigating the respective impacts of family educational background, dwelling background and parenting styles on students’ overall academic performance with respect to governmental secondary schools in Bahir Dar town, Ethiopia. A descriptive survey method was employed. ’A 42-item questionnaire was constructed and pilot tested. The computed reliability coefficient was 0.76. Moreover, data on students’ academic achievement were obtained from the archive offices of sampled schools. While proportionate sampling was employed to determine representatives of each school and grade level, systematic random sampling technique was used to identify individual samples; making a total of 240 students. The methods of analysis employed were t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). ANOVA and t-test results with regards to the impact of family educational background and residence upon students’ overall academic achievement was found non-significant at F=0.59,df = 3 and 209, α=0.05 and at computed t- value of 1.35, and critical t- value (1.96) respectively. Whereas, parenting style had been found statistically significant to impact on academic achievement at (F=6.4, df= 3 and 209, α=0.05). In an attempt to identify the parenting style conducive for better performance, Tukey test or Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test had been employed, and the results revealed that authoritative parenting is far better over the rest three parenting styles. Key words: Family educational background and parental residence, parenting styles, academic achievement.

Reti sociali e performance scolastica. L'effetto del gruppo dei pari sull'apprendimento scolastico nelle classi con studenti stranieri

The children of immigrants are today a stable reality in Italian schools. They are around 9% of the student body at the national level, with higher percent-ages in Northern Italy. Between 2007 and 2012, a local longitudinal study has followed a student cohort in their high school experience. In the last wave, a special module, containing four sociograms, has been administered to the whole sample. The data collected improve our understanding of the well-known educational disadvantages of the children of immigrants. The analyses show the importance of taking into account, beside individual competencies and the family educational background, also the school climate, and the specific sociability pattern of the surveyed classrooms. The analyses document the importance of the relational dimension: the peer effect, measured through a status index, play a role in diminishing the likelihood of scholastic failure. Such effect, however, similarly to what is recorded for native students, is not strong enough to compensate for the strength of non-school factors.