Family Welfare Department Research Articles

Yield from active case finding of tuberculosis cases among tribal population

BackgroundFor underdeveloped nations like India, tuberculosis (TB) ranks high among the top killers. The global death toll from tuberculosis is 1.5 million. In addition to setting a goal of elimination by 2025, India has made Tuberculosis (TB) a priority in its Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The government has initiated Active Case Finding (ACF) to conduct house-to-house surveys and identify cases in order to reach the target. The purpose of this research is to assess the results of ACF in tribal district. MethodsAll tuberculosis (TB) cases reported through the ACF process within a certain time period were included in the present cross-sectional analysis, which comprised all villages of Chhota udepur district. In order to conduct the study among the tribal community, the Health and Family Welfare Department provided funding and approval. ResultsAmong all reported cases, 3828 presumptive TB cases were identified in 2019, 3033 in 2020, 3256 in 2021, 2956 in 2022 and 3047 in 2023. In 2019, 89 tuberculosis patients were diagnosed and enrolled in treatment. This increased to 118 patients in 2020, 95 in 2021, 115 in 2022 and 103 in 2023 because of ACF activity. Considering the number of people screened for each year, the ACF screening yield of 760 per 1 lakh in 2019 slightly increased to 820 per lakh population in 2020, 780 per lakh population in 2021, 1002 per lakh population in 2022 and 950 per lakh population in 2023. This increased the total case reported. ConclusionAs a result of the effects of Active Case Finding, the study found that the reporting of tuberculosis cases in the tribal district increased.

Climate Change and Malaria Epidemics in the North-Eastern State of India, Mizoram

Malaria (P. falciparum, P. vivax) is a major vector borne disease in Mizoram. Since the extreme weather conditions and changing climate have a major role in the spread of vector borne illnesses, the purpose of this study aimed to examine the changing trend of climate and the relationship between climatic variables and epidemiological malaria situation in Mizoram. The Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope test were employed to analyze the changing trend on rainfall and humidity, the climatic data were collected from Indian Meteorological Department, Aizawl (1986-2019) and multiple regression model has been utilized to observe the correlation between instances of malaria and climatic factors (2000-2019). The data on epidemiological malaria cases were obtained from Health and Family Welfare Department, Govt. of Mizoram. The Mann-Kendall results show declining trend in rainfall with -4.58 magnitude of rainfall annually and an increase in the annual relative humidity with 0.19% (p <0.1). The regression model shows a highly significant association between the climatic variables and the malaria situation showing p<0.05.

The value of feminist legal methods in adjudicating women’s issues: a critical comparison of two judicial approaches from India

ABSTRACT Feminists have demonstrated that positivist law adopts a patriarchal lens that marginalizes or ignores women’s lived realities. This leads to legal decision-making that does not reflect women’s real and varied experiences. Therefore, in this article, I argue for the use of feminist legal methods in adjudicating women’s rights by comparing two distinct judicial approaches emerging from recent decisions of the Indian Supreme Court and Delhi High Court respectively on issues that affect women’s rights and lives profoundly: the right to abortion and the criminalization of marital rape. I contrast the approaches taken by the Supreme Court in X v The Principal Secretary, Health and Family Welfare Department (2022) and by the Delhi High Court in RIT Foundation v Union of India (2022) through Hari Shankar J’.s opinion, to demonstrate how the use of feminist legal methods leads to findings more in tune with the gendered needs and concerns of women.

Preparedness of Public Health Care System in India- A Case Study

Objectives: To examine the availability and accessibility of primary health care system in Tamil Nadu and to examine the achievements of primary health care system in Tamil Nadu.Methods: Both secondary and primary data were used. Secondary data were from Tamil Nadu Health and Family Welfare department and Rural Health Statistics of India. Primary data were collected from Theni District. Sample size was 480. Identified respondents were interviewed for to find the reason for using the primary health care system with an interview schedule. The tools applied were simple as annual growth rate, Compound growth rate, and Garret ranking method.Findings: Sub Centre (SC), Primary Health Centre (PHC) and Community Health Centre (CHC) are the mode of serving of primary health care system as three tier to rural and urban people which satisfies their basic needs near their proximities. Tamil Nadu is leading and extending its services to people year by year since its inception and earmarked its service. The Zero priced health care services and medicine are the prime reasons for demanding primary health care system which was a signal and added value for the dynamic nature of primary health care system. Distance and waiting time are the last items in ranking means that people are willing to travel. The compound annual growth rate of out-patients was negative from 2011 to 2021 as -1.45, the calculated statistical number may be the due to reduced accessing of outpatient in 2021 due to Covid-19. The Compound annual growth rate of deliveries in Tamil nadu was -11.41 percentages which reflected a reduction in accessing the health care services for deliveries by secondary sources. Novelty: Planners and Policy maker’s needs for revisiting and reframing the health policy and target to achieve 2030.

Psycho-Socio-Economic Challenges of Internal Migrants of India: A Narrative Review and Recommendations for Integrative Model of Care

Background: India is a diverse country with a substantial number of migrants. The COVID-19 outbreak and enforced protocols led to enormous stress in the migrants. The challenges of internal migrants during the COVID-19 pandemic in India have been unique because of the unique socio-politico-economic and cultural aspects. There are various levels of migrants’ pre-existing vulnerability factors ranging from socio-cultural impediments, economic barriers to lower social or legal support. This paper aims to narratively review articles related to the psychosocial and mental health challenges of India’s Internal Migrants amid the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent nationwide lockdowns.Methodology: A review was conducted by collecting articles related to challenges concerning the psychosocial and mental health of India’s Internal Migrants amid the COVID-19 pandemic. We selected pieces, thematically organized them, and listed their significant findings under the head introduction, pre-existing vulnerability factors, and challenges of India’s internal migrants amid the COVID-19 pandemic, responses, and recommendations.Results and Conclusion: India needs to develop an integrated ‘rights-based approach’ for providing comprehensive care to migrants, including economic support, health care and active labour-market policy. The necessary support to migrants can be done by planning a top-bottom approach involving National Health and Family Welfare Department (NHFWD), State Health and Family Welfare Department (SHRWD), local municipal and corporation councils, mobile medical units, mental health care workers, and municipal bocks and NGOs.

The Relationship Of Learning Value Of Educational Field Experience With The Interest Of Unp Family Welfare Education Students To Become Teachers

This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the learning outcomes of Educational Field Experience Practices and the interest of UNP Family Welfare Education students to become teachers. This type of research is descriptive quantitative research with a correlational approach. The population in this study were students of the Family Welfare Department of Family Welfare Education Study Program class of 2016, which amounted to 125 students, consisting of 56 students of Catering and 69 students of Fashion Design. The sampling technique used is Proportional Random Sampling technique, the sample is 56 students consisting of 25 culinary students and 31 fashion students. Data collection techniques using questionnaires that have been tested for validity and reliability. The data analysis technique uses Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis. The results of the study concluded that there was a positive and significant relationship between the learning outcomes of Educational Field Experience Practice and the interest of Family Welfare Education students to become teachers with a positive correlation coefficient of 0.720 and a significant 0.042 <0.05, then Ha was accepted.

Prolonged rapid antigen test positivity among COVID-19 patients.

Most guidelines recommend a symptom-based strategy to determine the duration of isolation among COVID-19 patients.[1] Antigen tests has been shown to have a higher positive predictive value for viral culture positivity than reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and is therefore likely to be a good tool to determine the duration of infectiousness.[2] Until recently, Government of Kerala guidelines recommended a rapid antigen test- (RAT) based strategy for discharge and duration of isolation in COVID-19 patients.[3] RAT had to be done on the 10th day for mild illness and 14th day for severe illness. If RAT was negative, the patients were fit for discharge and if positive, it was repeated every alternate day till negative (complete guidelines are given in supplementary appendix). These guidelines provided us a unique opportunity to study the duration of antigen positivity in COVID-19 and factors predicting prolonged antigen positivity. We retrospectively analysed the data of COVID-19 patients (diagnosed by a RT-PCR based test or a RAT) admitted between 1st August 2020 and 30th November 2020, who underwent RAT test for discontinuing isolation. We used the STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag Test (SD Biosensor, Inc), which is a rapid chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of specific SARS-CoV-2 antigens.[4] Clinical details of the patients were retrieved from electronic medical records. We defined prolonged antigen positivity as RAT positivity ≥14 days from the onset of symptoms or from first positive COVID-19 test, whichever earlier. Factors predicting prolonged RAT positivity were assessed by Chi-square test. Variables that were found to be significant (P < 0.05) on univariate analysis were included in a multivariate analysis using binary logistical regression to determine independent predictors of prolonged RAT positivity. Of the 508 patients included in the study, 279 (54.9%) were males. Median age of the patients was 47 years (interquartile range: 33–61). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was the most common comorbidity (34.3%); 12% of the patients received corticosteroids, while remdesivir was used in 11.6%. Supplemental oxygen and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) was required in 9.8% and 2.6% patients, respectively. In-hospital mortality was 2.4%. The mean number of days until turning negative by RAT was 12.9 ± 3.1 days [Figure 1]. About 119 patients (23.4%) remained positive ≥14 days. Univariate analysis showed that age ≥65 years, male sex, DM, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, remdesivir use, corticosteroid use, requirement for supplemental oxygen, and IMV were significant predictors of RAT positivity ≥14 days [Table 1]. On multivariate analysis, only DM [OR: 2.37 (95% CI: 1.32–4.06, P = 0.003)] and requirement of supplemental oxygen [OR: 4.92 (1.07–22.72), P = 0.040] were found to be independent predictors of RAT positivity ≥14 days.Figure 1: Day of turning negative by rapid antigen test (x-axis shows the days from the first test/onset of symptoms whichever is earlier)Table 1: Prolonged antigen positivity among various groupsOur study showed that the mean duration for RAT negativity was 12.9 days and in 23.4% patients, it took ≥14 days for RAT negativity. Considering the previous studies that correlate antigen positivity and infectiousness in COVID-19, our observations call for exploring the requirement for a longer duration of isolation, and the role of RAT in deciding the duration of isolation. Supplementary materials Classification of COVID-19 patients and discharge guidelines as per Health and Family Welfare Department, Government of Kerala. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

Prediction, Cross Validation and Classification in the Presence COVID-19 of Indian States and Union Territories using Machine Learning Algorithms

The present study predicts, cross validate and classify the data of COVID-19 based on four machine learning algorithm with four major parameters namely confirmed cases, recoveries, deaths and active cases. The secondary sources of database were collected from Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Department (MHFWD), from Indian State and Union Territories up to March, 2021. Based on these background, the database classified and predicted various machine learning Algorithm, like SVM, k NN, Random Forest and Logistic Regression. Initially, the k-mean clustering analysis is used to perform and identified five meaningful clusters and is labeled as Very Low, Low, Moderate, High and Very High of four major parameters based on their average values. In addition the five clusters are cross validated using four machine learning algorithm and affected states were visualized with help of prediction and probabilities. The different machine learning models achieved cross validation accuracy of 88%, 97%, 91% and 91%. . Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal were Moderately Affected States, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan and Telangana are Low Affected States, wherein Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka are highly affected States. and Maharashtra the Very Highly Affected State. Rest of the States and Union Territories has Very Low affected Covid-19 Cases is clearly identified.

Health Care Services in Theni District - A Survey

Theni District was carved out of erstwhile composite Madurai district on 01 January 1997 and ranked 28th in terms of the highest population in Tamil Nadu (around 12 ½ lakhs population). For providing necessary Health Care Services and facilities, the task was entrusted to the Public Health and Family Welfare Department. This establishment takes care of - primary health centers, child health services, maintains environmental sanitation and other vital services. Discussed in this paper certain key components such as Health Service Organization at the District level, Medical Department, Hospitals, Dispensaries, services rendered by organization and individuals, functions of primary health centers, family welfare programs, besides facilities in government hospitals, health checkup programs, counseling, and testing centers and other Health Care Services. The study indicates the necessity to enhance not only the quality of service but also to make it more accessible to the rural and tribal population of the Theni District in Tamil Nadu.

PP143 TeCHO+ Program In Gujarat, India: A Protocol For Health Technology Assessment

IntroductionThe Health and Family Welfare Department of the Government of Gujarat is implementing a program called Technology for Community Health Operation (TeCHO+) to address the state's priority health issues. This paper details the protocol for using health technology assessment to assess the impact of the TeCHO+ program on data quality, service delivery coverage, rates of morbidity and mortality, and cost effectiveness.MethodsThis mixed-method study will be conducted in five districts. Data will be validated in a phased manner over a three-year period, along with an assessment of key outcome indicators. Additionally, key informant interviews will be conducted and cost data will be gathered.ResultsEarly implementation of TeCHO+ has highlighted mixed impact at an operational level, with gaps in implementation. Despite some gaps in the available evidence, TeCHO+ solutions can significantly improve health service delivery through increased accuracy of data management, high-risk identification, and quality and accessibility of care. However, implementation challenges require even greater efforts to establish comprehensive systems for troubleshooting and corrective measures for improving data quality. Positive experiences encourage grassroots teams for continuing the use of TeCHO+.ConclusionsTeCHO+ is expected to improve service coverage and reduce rates of morbidity and mortality by improving the population's nutritional status, the timeliness of care for high-risk cases, and the non-communicable disease profile of the community.

THE EFFECTS OF CORONAVIRUS (COVID-19) IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE CLASSROOM OF GUJARAT STATE.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus.Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness.Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has taken so many innocent lives, as it spread most of the corner of the world and Gujarat, India oneof them. At present March 2020, most of the institutes and universities do ready to complete the course and repeats the topic in the classroom. As we know that, because of Coronavirus disease (COVID19)University Grants Commission, Health and Family Welfare Department and Education Department, Govt. of Gujaratinstructed to all the institutes and universities to remain closed till further instructions.In this period, researcher wishes to knowthe situation of the English language and literature classroom of Gujarat state. Researcher will refer the online circularsof different institutes and universities of Gujaratstate andwill do the telephonic interviews of English language teachers, based on the data, researcher will discuss the effects of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in English language and literature classroom.

TeCHO+ program in Gujarat: a protocol for health technology assessment

The Health and Family Welfare Department, Government of Gujarat, is implementing a program named Technology for Community Health Operation or TeCHO+ addressing state’s priority health issues. This program envisages replacing...

Kesiapan Berwirausaha Mahasiswa Jurusan Ilmu Kesejahteraan Keluarga Fakultas Pariwisata Dan Perhotelan Unp

This research aims to describe and determine how entrepreneurial readiness of the Faculty of Tourism and Family Welfare Department of Padang State University. This type of research is a quantitative descriptive . The population of this research is the students Department of Family Welfare Education Study Program of family welfare berjumlah122 students. Sampling techniques using the proportional Random Sampling technique amounted to 55 students. The data collection technique is to disseminate the questionnaire (questionnaire) that has been proven validity and reliability. Further data is analyzed through descriptive analysis with the method of categorizing assessments based on average score and percentage assessment. The results showed that the respondents ' readiness for entrepreneurship of the Family Welfare Department students overall amounted to 56% in medium category. Further entrepreneurial readiness is reviewed from personality indicators of 51% by medium category, motivation indicator at 53% with medium category, personality indicator by 58% with medium category and knowledge indicator of 51% Medium category.

Assessing the implementation of a mobile App-based electronic health record: A mixed-method study from South India.

BACKGROUND:Government of India recognizes the use of “information, communication, and technology” in the provision of comprehensive primary healthcare. In 2014–2015, Karuna Trust, a nongovernmental organization, Bengaluru, India, introduced an electronic health record (EHR) innovation, namely “Comprehensive Public Health Management” application (CPHM App). Data could be entered in an offline mode followed by syncing with cloud. The CPHM App was piloted in primary health center (PHC) Gumballi, in Karnataka, with focus on household survey and maternal and child health (MCH) services.OBJECTIVES:To compare the consistency of selected MCH process indicators for Health Management Information System [HMIS] available from paper-based records and those generated through the CPHM App (2016–2017). We also explored the implementation enablers, barriers, and suggested solutions from the user perspective.METHODS:A sequential mixed-method study design was followed. Quantitative phase involved aggregate data analysis looking into the consistency of selected MCH process indicators available from paper-based records and those generated through the CPHM App (2016–2017) followed by thematic analysis of in-depth interviews of healthcare providers. Consistency was defined as a percentage where the numerator was the HMIS-related process indicator data from CPHM App and denominator was the data from paper-based records.RESULTS:Three out of 12 selected MCH indicators had consistency of >80%. The quarterly consistency reduced over the 2 years. Dual burden of entry and regular monitoring of paper-based records by district health and family welfare department were the reasons why more importance was given to entry in paper-based records. Ability to generate aggregate indicators with CPHM App, easy to use and retrieve data in the field, and reminder facility for planned health activities were some of the factors facilitating CPHM implementation. The key barriers were limited technical expertise and support from the technical team and no internet connectivity in the field and traveling to PHC to sync the data. Provision of real-time technical support and availability of data connectivity in the field were some of the solutions suggested.CONCLUSION:There should be a minimum of 1–2 years of simultaneous use of EHR and paper-based records after which one must shift to EHR.

Addressing comprehensive primary healthcare in Gujarat through mHealth intervention: Early implementation experience with TeCHO+ programme.

Background:The Health and Family Welfare Department of Gujarat implemented a mHealth Programme called TeCHO+ (Technology for Community Health Operations) in 2018. TeCHO+ is aimed at making progress across all dimensions of the comprehensive primary healthcare services.Objective:The objective of this study is to record the document rollout and early implementation experience of TeCHO+ programme in Gujarat.Methods:The present participatory process documentation exercise was undertaken in Gujarat. The various steps for process documentation were decided after participation in multiple task force meetings and state/district- and taluka-level action seminars and reviewing the TeCHO+ programme data and progress reports. The perceptions of the health officials and field staff were gathered using key informant interviews from five districts of Gujarat: Bharuch, Narmada, Gandhinagar, Mahisagar, and The Dangs. In addition, stakeholders involved with TeCHO+ Programme were interviewed to understand the process of rollout, implementation challenges, and success.Results:In the initial phase, the TeCHO+ application focussed only on updating the Family Health Survey to improve the quality of data captured in the system. FHWs log-in the mobile application daily to access their daily work plan for which SMS alerts were are also generated. Most FHWs were in their 50s and were first-time smartphone users. Although, they were enthusiastic and open to the new technology, initially they faced certain difficulties in operating the application. The programme had a strong troubleshooting mechanism in terms of the use of WhatsApp group, helpline numbers, and voice calls in addition to supportive supervision.Discussion:TeCHO+ showed the potential to enhance the quality of the collected data and also service coverage. However, poor technology literacy of old FHWs, the launch of multiple programme memes at the same time, and target-driven task assignments pose major challenges.

A study on cigarette and other tobacco products act (COTPA) compliance (for section 4, section 5 (POS), of COTPA 2003) in urban Shimoga, Karnataka

Background: According to Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS-2), conducted by the Institute of population Sciences, Mumbai and Tata Institute of Social Sciences on behalf of Health and Family welfare department reported that 28.6% of adults use tobacco in any form. India has amended its legislation against tobacco in 2003 and implemented its strongest legislation as COTPA 2003 (Cigarette and other Tobacco Products Act 2003). The main aim of the study was to assess compliance to prohibition of smoking and other provisions under COTPA in Shivamogga town. Materials and methods: Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted using purposive sampling. Total sample size was 200, observation was made and information was collected about sections 4, 5, 6a, 7,8and 9 of COTPA 2003 (Cigarette and Other Tobacco products Act 2003), to assess its level of compliance and implementation. Results: The compliance rate was found very poor in the public places visited. ‘NO SMOKING AREA’ and ‘Smoking Here Is an Offence’ signage was seldom placed in most of the public places. These signage were seen only in 42.76% of the public places visited.

Recursive partitioning algorithm in water quality prediction

Water quality prediction is the greatest thing in Health and Family Welfare Department. Potable water consumed by citizens can be safely used for drinking, cooking and washing. The contaminated water affects the public health and mostly affects the infants or utero health. Online water quality prediction tool is very useful to every people especially every mother. In this paper, water quality is predicted by giving the longitude and latitude of one location. Compared with linear model and support vector machine, recursive partitioning method is more practical, reasonable and acceptable. Decision trees have less error rates, high data capabilities and good data quality. The predicting results have shown that this recursive partitioning method could analyze and predict the water quality parameters deeply and precisely. The method proposed in this paper is more accurate and could be the decision support for every citizen and every mother. Online aqua prediction tool reduces the needs of man power and equipments.

児童・家庭福祉部門(2006年度学界回顧と展望)

児童・家庭福祉部門(2006年度学界回顧と展望)

児童・家庭福祉部門(2007年度学界回顧と展望)

児童・家庭福祉部門(2007年度学界回顧と展望)

子ども家庭福祉部門 : 子ども家庭福祉研究の回顧と展望(2012年度学会回顧と展望)

子ども家庭福祉部門 : 子ども家庭福祉研究の回顧と展望(2012年度学会回顧と展望)