Family Planning Program Managers Research Articles

Determinants of Participation of Couples of Childbearing Age in Family Planning Program in Kupang

Family planning program is a global scale program that is encouraged not only to overcome the population issues but also contribute to decreasing the maternal and neonatal mortality rate. Indonesia is one of the countries that are committed to incite this program, especially among the fertile-age couples, because of the complexity of the population and health issues in this country. Nevertheless, the participation of the fertile-age couple in this program which is marked with the usage of contraceptives has not reached the expectation. The purpose of this research is to analyze the determinants or factors related to the use of contraceptives among fertile-age couples. This study uses quantitative research with cross-sectional time approach on 100 women of fertile-age couples. The variables collected by interview with questionnaire. The variables that are statistically related to the use of contraceptives are knowledge (p value=0.036, CC=0.224), culture (p value= 0.014, CC=0.257), husband support (p value=0.000, CC=0.442) and the role of health worker (P value=0.000, CC=0.417). The most dominant factor on contraceptive usage is husband support. The result of this study is expected to give information for family planning program managers for designing program to increase the usage of contraceptives in their work area.

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Unmet Need Incidence in Couples of Childbearing Age in the West Bulotadaa Village Gorontalo City in 2019

BACKGROUND: Population that continues to increase is a big problem for countries in the world, especially developing countries. One of the problems in the management of family planning programs is the high level of unmet need for family planning in Indonesia. Unmet need is the number of couples of childbearing age who want to postpone pregnancy or do not want additional children but do not use birth control methods.
 AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the determinants of the occurrence of unmet need in fertile age couples in the West Bulotadaa Village, Gorontalo City.
 METHODS: The study design was cross-sectional with a sample of 146 fertile age couples selected by systematic random sampling. Data collection was made, using questionnaires containing questions from the research variables. Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis through the SPSS for windows program.
 RESULTS: The visit of KB officers affected the unmet need with p = 0.032 (p < 0.05) with OR = 2.893, and there were some variables that were not significant such as the age variable p = 0.766 (p > 0.05), family income p = 0.189 (p > 0.05), distance of family planning services p = 0.057 (p > 0.05), and cost of contraception p = 0.632 (p > 0.05).
 CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the visit of family planning officers affected the unmet need and age, family income, distance to the place of family planning services and the cost of contraceptives did not affect the incidence of unmet need in West Bulotadaa, Gorontalo City.

Implementation of Program to Increase Men's Participation in the Use of Vasectomy Contraception

This study aims to find out how to implement a program to increase the use of vasectomy contraception, to identify the implementation of vasectomy contraceptive services and to know the role and function of stakeholders in the implementation of vasectomy contraceptive use policies. This research was conducted through a qualitative research with a descriptive approach conducted in Tanjung Morawa Sub-District, Deli Serdang Regency. The research informants were determined by purposive sampling technique by involving the Department of Family Planning program manager in Deli Serdang District, family planning counselors, family planning cadres and acceptors (users) of vasectomy contraception. Research data collection were done through interviews, observation and documentation studies. The results indicates that the management of family planning programs was based on the mandate of Law No. 52/2009 where the government through the National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) carries out the function of controlling population and organizing family planning (KB) programs. In managing the vasectomy family planning program in Tanjung Morawa Sub-district, Deli Serdang Regency, there were several parties that have an important role in disseminating information and facilitating vasectomy services such as the Population Control Office, Family Planning and Women's Empowerment, Deli Serdang Regency Child Protection, Family Planning Extension, Family Planning Motivators and Family Planning Cadres. Strategy of vasectomy service for free, mobile services as well as the provision of incentives for vasectomy acceptors were able to attract men’s interest to be involved in family planning programs as users of vasectomy contraception.

Development, updates, and future directions of the World Health Organization Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use.

Correct and consistent use of contraception decreases the risk of unintended pregnancy; yet outdated policies or practices can delay initiation or hinder continuation of contraceptive methods. To promote the quality of and access to family planning services WHO created a series of evidence-based guidance documents for family planning known as WHOs Four Cornerstones of Family Planning Guidance. The Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use (MEC) first published in 1996 provides guidance on the safety of various contraceptive methods in users with specific health conditions or characteristics (i.e. who can use a contraceptive method safely). The Selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use (SPR) is the second cornerstone outlining how to safely and effectively use contraceptive methods. These two documents can serve as a reference for policymakers and program managers as they develop their own national family planning policies in the context of local needs values and resources. The two other cornerstone documents -- the Decision making tool for family planning clients and providers and Family planning: a global handbook for providers -- provide guidance to healthcare providers for applying these recommendations in practice. Between 2013 and 2014 WHO convened a Guideline Development Group (GDG) to review and update the MEC and SPR in line with current evidence. As a result of these meetings the fifth edition of the MEC was published in 2015 and the third edition of the SPR will be released on December 14 2016. The purpose of the present report is to describe the methods used to develop the SPR recommendations research gaps identified during the guideline development process and future directions for the dissemination and implementation of the SPR among policymakers and family planning program managers worldwide. (excerpt)

Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Data KB dan Analisis Pola Pemilihan Metode Kontrasepsi Menggunakan Algoritma Sql-Based Fp-Growth

One of Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Perempuan, dan Keluarga Berencana (UPT BAPERMASPER dan KB) Region XV District of Mijen’s duty is to lead, plan, do, evaluate, and report the data management in service, management, and control of family planning programs and the empowerment of women in the district. The inadequate number offield officers (PLKB) often become spectacle in collecting and reporting the data KB. Family Planning Data Information System (SIDAK) is developed in order to support the mentioned task to make it easier to report, store, and manage the data. Additionally, SIDAK is equipped with a data analysis feature with association mining technique using SQL-Based FP-Growth algorithm. This algorithm analyze the data KB and create a relation (association rule) between the attributes used for analysis; the wive’s age, the highest education achieved by the couple, the number of children, the welfare level, and the contraception method. The research analysis of 302 dataKBs resulted in maximum support value of 1.66%, maximum confidence value of 100%, and maximum lift ratio of 60.24.

Assessment of contraceptive needs and practices of women during the extended postpartum period in Kiramu Woreda, Western Ethiopia

The extended postpartum period is the time which is usually given less emphasis regarding family planning by policy makers, service providers and users. However, it is a time with a rising risk of unwanted conception and an often-frustrated desire for contraceptive protection. Understanding the contraceptive behaviors, needs and preferences of women in this period is important the main objective of this study was to assess the contraceptive needs and practices of women during the extended postpartum period. A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Kiramu Woreda. Four kebeles were purposively selected in the Woreda. A total of 120 women who were in the first year after delivery were interviewed by trained data collectors using a structured and pre tested questionnaire. Data were entered, cheeked and analyzed using Microsoft excel. The mean age of the study subjects was 30.25 with minimum age of 23 and a maximum of 37 and median age of 30 years. The prevalence of modern contraceptive Family Planning. Use was found to be 34(28.3%) among women in the extended postpartum period. Two third of women in the extended post partum period were not currently practicing any modern contraceptive method at the time of interview in spite of the doing sex. The reasons for non use were: fear of side effects in 68(56.7 %%) of the study subjects, 14(11.7 %%) due to lack of awareness of contraceptives, 4(3.3%) of them was due to fear of their husbands. In addition to this 77(64.2%) of the Women's started sex early before six weeks. This makes early pregnant before they saw any Menstruation. However, Only 34(28.3%) of women's started to prevent pregnancy during the intended postpartum period in the district. Knowledge and practice of Modern Family planning method in the district was very low. Therefore, continual health education contraceptive method mix during the extended post partum period should be revised by family planning program managers and providers is recommended for the implementation of the program.

Pengelolaan Program KB Nasional di Dki Jakarta Tahun 2014

Research of the National Family Planning Program Management in Jakarta is the follow-up study that analyzes the role of the relationship manager / executive of Family Planning, the availability of caunsellor and cadres as well as the readiness of Family Planning services to the dependent variable. Dependet variable is the interaction of the managers/implementers Family Planning to the achievement of family planning program in Jakarta. The purpose of this study was to obtain analytical results in the relationship of important variables in the management of family planning programs in Jakarta as a basis for priority activities proposed in the action plan of the family planning program in Jakarta. This study uses quantitative analysis with the technic of achieving sample by stratified random sampling, with a total sample of 198 respondents from the Provincial, Municipal and District Level. After the research team analyzes the results of the regression relationships of variables to provide conclusions and recommendations as an attempt to formulate strategic activities in the implementation of the National Family Planning Program in Jakarta. It can be concluded that there is influence and significant simultaneous relationship between the role of managing/implementing family planning programs and the readiness of Family Planning services in their effort to the success of family planning programs in Jakarta. Based on the results of quantitative data processing of the regression equation with the interpretation output LISREL with the value of R square of 0.493 or 49.3 percent.

REVITALISASI KELEMBAGAAN PROGRAM KB SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGENDALIAN LAJU PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK

One of the main critical issues in a decentralized development today is the failure of family planning programs that are affected by its institutional forms. This study aims to develop a formula institutional revitalization of family planning program managers are required at this time. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative models using Spradley’s analytical techniques. This research was conducted in Pekalongan Municipal, Wonosobo Regency, and Purworejo Regency. The conclusion of this study is that the deterioration of family planning programs in the area due to lack of commitment from local leaders, organizations do not focus in carrying out its functions, especially the field staff (field officers), lack of resources and synergies in the implementation of the program. Chief policy areas are very influential in determining the shape of the organization, resource allocation and implementation of synergies. Institutional revitalization needs to be done by the local government is established agencies that focus on population and family planning affairs so that the implementation in the field (field officers) are more focused on family planning matters, but on the other hand still have to pay attention to the ability of the region and some other matters. In addition to the organization in the form of focus, also need to be supported adequacy of resource allocation and increased synergy among sectors fostered by regional heads.

Arrependimento após a esterilização feminina no Brasil

OBJETIVOS: identificar fatores sócio-demográficos associados com o arrependimento após a esterilização. MÉTODOS: trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde realizada no Brasil em 1996. A amostra é composta por 3233 mulheres em idade reprodutiva, cuja esterilização ocorreu há pelo menos um ano antes da entrevista. Um modelo de regressão logística foi utilizado. RESULTADOS: a proporção de mulheres arrependidas foi de 10,5% e a principal razão relatada foi o desejo de ter outro filho (62,7%). A chance de uma mulher esterilizada com 35 anos ou mais se arrepender é 69% menor que uma mulher com menos de 25 anos (p<0,01). Mulheres com nove anos ou mais de escolaridade são menos propensas de se arrepender do que mulheres com três anos ou menos (RC=0,75; IC95%: 0,51-1,03). CONCLUSÕES: mulheres jovens e de baixa escolaridade constituem um grupo com chance elevada de arrependimento após a esterilização. Os resultados podem subsidiar gestores de programas de planejamento familiar, reforçando a necessidade de orientações quanto à irreversibilidade do método e às mudanças que podem ocorrer na vida das mulheres durante o ciclo reprodutivo, minimizando a chance de arrependimento.

Managers' Attitudes toward Involvement of Males in Pakistan's Family Planning Program

Male involvement in Pakistan's family planning program has been negligible but for the preponderance of Federal, Provincial, and District government Population Welfare officers who are primarily male. In general, there has been no organized effort to promote male contraceptive methods, and vasectomy services are scarcely available. Selected governmental public health and family planning program managers were interviewed in 1993 to ascertain their knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about male involvement in the family planning program. Although a majority felt that a family planning decision was a joint one between wife and husband, and that male methods were effective, the vast majority of all managers suggested female rather than male contraception should be recommended for the general public. Two-thirds indicated that the public is not informed about the advantage of vasectomy. A majority felt that the lack of educational and IEC activities is a major reason for public inaction. Lack of political commitment and inadequate service provider training were cited as reasons why programs are not directed toward male involvement. Suggestions to increase male involvement were made, including private sector involvement, using community leaders, mass media, and expanding male service facilities.

Can women's childbearing and contraceptive intentions predict contraceptive demand? Findings from a longitudinal study in Central India.

To predict the need for contraceptive services, family planning program managers often rely on levels of unmet need derived from measures of childbearing intentions. However, women's intention to use a method has not received as much attention as a measure of contraceptive demand. A survey was conducted in 1999 in rural Madhya Pradesh, India, among a subsample of women who had participated in the 1992-1993 National Family Health Survey (NFHS). The women's childbearing and contraceptive behaviors were compared with the intentions they had stated in the NFHS, and logistic regression was performed to analyze the association between socioeconomic and demographic variables and inconsistent behavior. Among women who were fecund and married in 1992-1993, 29% of those who intended to have children and 61% of those who intended not to have children failed to adhere to their intentions by 1999. Furthermore, 51% of women who were not practicing contraception at the time of the NFHS but planned to do so acted against their intention by 1999, as did 29% of those who planned not to use a method. NFHS respondents who intended both not to have children and to use a method were more likely than others to have used a method by 1999 (63% vs. 25-41%). Age and history of child death were key factors associated with inconsistency between women's intentions and behavior. In India, use of both contraceptive and childbearing intentions predicts contraceptive demand better than use of either indicator alone, and may thus help program planners estimate future demand for contraceptive services.

Issues in balancing teenage clients' confidentiality and reporting statutory rape among Kansas Title X clinic staff.

Through Federal welfare reform, Congress directed states to aggressively enforce statutory rape laws. Family planning professionals deal with many adolescent clients, and their support for such enforcement or willingness to report is unclear. The authors of this study examined current attitudes and practices of family planning program managers (FPPMs) about statutory rape law enforcement, including current reporting practices. In 1997, all 77 local Kansas Title X FPPMs were surveyed. Structured telephone interviews were conducted with 10 FPPMs to add detail to quantitative responses. Sixty-eight FPPMs responded to the written survey (88%). Of these, 79% supported aggressive enforcement, and 43% thought enforcement would reduce adolescent pregnancy rates. With increased enforcement, 38% believed teenagers would be discouraged from seeking reproductive health care, compared to 41% who believed they would not. Among key informants, all of whom were FPPMs, willingness to report cases was mixed, with those who would report wanting the flexibility to judge on a case-by-case basis. For those not reporting cases, confidentiality concerns overrode beliefs in any positive outcome of enforcement. Kansas Title X FPPMs strongly supported aggressive enforcement, but had mixed beliefs about negative consequences. Among those interviewed, there were also mixed beliefs and practices about reporting. Reporting from FPPMs will be sporadic and arbitrary unless protocols are developed and laws are clarified.

The Need for Quasi-Experimental Methodology to Evaluate Pricing Effects

Family planning program managers may be easily misled by conclusions about the effects of price increases on the demand for services when the findings are based on pre-experiments such as the single-group pretest-posttest study, generally believed to be practical. This report presents financial and service data from clinics of the Asociación Pro-Bienestar de la Familia Ecuatoriana (APROFE) in Ecuador, which, analyzed according to the single-group pretest-posttest design, would suggest that the demand for intrauterine device services is inelastic. However, considerable demand elasticity is detected when data are analyzed according to more rigorous quasi-experimental designs. Using the single-group pretest-posttest design for pricing studies is too flawed to be considered practical. Wherever possible, strong designs should be used in operations research, especially in pricing studies.

Medical barriers to contraceptive use

Various practices keep women from receiving and using contraception. These medical barriers include those pertaining to eligibility process and regulatory and provider bias. Eligibility barriers place too strict criteria on what women may use a particular contraceptive. For example severe migraine headaches are a relative contraindication for oral contraceptives (OCs) but some community-based distribution programs include headaches without being specific on their checklist resulting in denying OCs to women who have had a recent headache. Blood tests to rule out liver and cardiovascular diseases as a prerequisite for a prescription of combined OCs in some West African countries represent a process hurdle. Yet just a brief medical history can identify women at risk of these diseases. Restricting IUD insertion to physicians in some countries is another example of a medical barrier. Family planning providers or program managers sometimes determine themselves what methods are best suited for various women. This provider bias essentially eliminates womens choice of methods. Until 1992 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had not approved the 3-month injectable contraceptive method Depo-Provera despite many studies confirming its safety. The lack of FDA approval prevented other countries from approving it. Despite 30 years of OC use worldwide Japan still does not allow OC use. According to a WHO survey of 50 collaborating centers the most common medical barrier to contraceptive use is requiring women who use OCs and IUDs to return for follow-up examinations more often than is necessary. This recent survey concludes that no overall standardized information about contraceptives their side effects and who can and cannot use them safely exists. WHO and other groups are developing internationally accepted guidelines to counteract conflicting information and outdated criteria for contraceptive delivery.

Coitus and Contraception: The Utility of Data on Sexual Intercourse for Family Planning Programs

The Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program has included several questions on sexual intercourse in its model questionnaires that have been used in more than 25 surveys in Latin America, Africa, and Asia over the last five years. This article assesses the quality of the data on sexual intercourse for 12 DHS surveys and shows how these data may be useful for understanding contraceptive use dynamics and for organizing the management of family planning programs. The data show that there is considerable variation among countries in exposure to pregnancy prior to first marriage. Within marriage, the level of coital frequency varies with duration of marriage, fertility intentions, and type of contraceptive method used. Finally, in all countries there is some overlap between contraceptive use and sexual abstinence. This information can be useful in family planning programs for targeting particular populations, for assisting women to choose a method, and for assessing the effect of contraceptive use on fertility.

Natural Family Planning in the Philippines

The calendar rhythm method of natural family planning (NFP) is one of the most popular contraceptive methods in the Philippines. As a result, the Philippines has one of the highest NFP prevalence rates in the developing world. In recent years, family planning program officials have become increasingly interested in improving the practice of NFP, both by improving the quality of rhythm practice and by introducing newer, more accurate NFP methods. Over the years a substantial body of research data related to NFP practice in the Philippines has accumulated. This paper presents major findings from past research on NFP in the Philippines, discusses their implications for program management, describes current research, and suggests needs for future research.

Cost-Benefit and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Family Planning Programs

Reports on a workshop on how to measure whether investment in family planning programs is cost efficient and how to evaluate the cost-benefit ratios of such programs. Workshop participants (who included representatives of the major donors to family planning program worldwide economists and program managers from 3rd World countries and representatives of research agencies) agreed on the necessity for economic justification for programs at a time when resources are shrinking because of worldwide economic downturn. While there was little agreement on the methodologies for carrying out cost-benefit analyses there was a consensus that such analyses force planners to look at programs closely to assess the resources available and to ask hard and informed questions. (authors)

Casebook for Family Planning Management: Motivating Effective Clinic Performance

In recent times there has been a general consensus that family planning has not produced the desired impact it was expected to exert in controlling population growth. Some of the reasons advanced for this are inadequate persuasion techniques lack of socioeconomic progress which would stimulate demand for family planning lack of strong government commitment and ineffective management of family planning programs due to inadequate managerial skills. This book focuses on the management aspect of family planning on the assumption that effective management contributes to the success of family planning. Managements paramount concern is providing services to the population at a reasonable and acceptable cost be it economic psychological or social all of which constitute barriers to potential users. Delivery of family planning services to the public can be approached in many ways. This book is concerned with service delivery through the clinic; it is divided into 3 parts each of which includes a combination of conceptual materials case problems and case analyses. Part 1 deals with the role of the manager; part 2 deals with the tools of management e.g. target population; performance feedback; supervision; training; and organizational structure. Part 3 concerns the application of managerial tools and skills in realistic family planning situations. This book can be used for individual self-study; self-directed group study; and formal classroom use.