Prevalence Of Family Planning Research Articles

Socio - Cultural Factors Influencing Uptake of Long Term and Permanent Methods of Family Planning Among Women of Reproductive Age in Baringo North Sub-County, Baringo County, Kenya

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of utilization of long-acting permanent methods (LAPMs) of family planning (FP) among women in Ossen Location, Baringo North Sub-County of Kenya, and to determine the influence of myths and misconceptions on women’s choice about LAPMs options.
 Methodology: This study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design and a mixed method research (MMR) approach, which allowed for concomitant collection of qualitative and quantitative data. The target population of the study consisted of all 2440 women of reproductive ages (15-49 years) in Ossen location. The sample size consisted of 421 women, selected using stratified random sampling. Women willing to participate, able to give informed consent, in reproductive age, and having resided in the area for at least six months were included in the study. 
 Findings: The prevalence of FP in the study area was 66%, with more women (61%) using short term FP methods (pills and Depo-Provera) compared to those using long-acting reversible contraceptive methods (implants and intra-uterine contraceptive devices/IUCD) [39%] and LAPM/tubal ligation (0%). The study found significant myths and misconceptions about LAPMs: IUCD, tubal ligation and implants. The study found that women who harbored myths and misconceptions about IUCD, tubal ligation and implants were likely to use short-term FP methods such as pills rather than LAPMs.
 Unique Contributions to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study reports on interesting myths and misconceptions still extant among women in a typical county in Kenya. The research also documents a clear relationship between the existence of myths and misconceptions and the unlikelihood of using LAPMs. Consequently, the study recommends for adoption of approaches that remove the myths and misconceptions in the whole population and improve the poor attitude and negative perception towards LAPMs.

"You could find a good or a bad provider, I would say you just have to go and see": A qualitative study of the influence of perceptions of service quality on family planning service use in Burkina Faso.

This qualitative study from Burkina Faso explores community-level perceptions of family planning (FP) service quality among FP users and non-users. It examines how perspectives on service quality may influence women's motivation to seek modern methods from health facilities. For this study, twenty focus group discussions were undertaken with non-users and current users of modern FP including unmarried, sexually active women ages 15-19 and 20-24 and ever married women ages 15-24 and 25+ in Bobo Dioulasso and Banfora, Burkina Faso. The findings demonstrate that respondents prioritized a welcoming environment, positive provider-client exchanges, the full provision of information (especially about side-effects), a pain-free experience, a short waiting time, and privacy and confidentiality. Poor service quality did not, in general, reduce women's demand or need to use a FP method. Some women who were reluctant to use formal health services used a non-facility-based method (calendar method, withdrawal, condoms or abstinence). Importantly, many unmarried, younger women and adolescents, who were more likely to be stigmatized by providers, exhibited agency by proactively seeking a method despite the potential for a negative experience. They prioritized their health and wellbeing over and above any interpersonal barriers they were likely to encounter. Incorporating strategies to improve the quality of FP services based on locally defined elements of quality should be a specific programmatic goal. These strategies can be identified through quality assessments employing a woman-centered lens. Women who visit facilities can be encouraged to share their positive experiences with their networks to improve community-level perspectives of facility quality. Improving service quality can attract new users, especially adolescents, and retain those who have already adopted a FP method. Through these multi-pronged actions, women's (and community) expectations and experience of quality can improve. This, in turn, may lead to greater client satisfaction and associated higher FP prevalence.

A Cross Sectional Study on Prevalence and Factors Associated with Family Planning in the Context of COVID-19 among Women of Reproductive Age in a Rural Town Council in Eastern Uganda

Aim: This study aimed to assess the Family Planning Prevalence and Factors associated with Family Planning in face of COVID-19, among women of reproductive age in rural town council in Amuria district, Eastern Uganda. Little evidence exists of the factors associated with family planning use in face of COVID-19 in resource limited settings in Eastern Uganda. Our findings will close this apparent research gap and inform national and district Family planning guidelines and policies.
 Materials and Methods: We used a quantitative research approach and cross sectional design to determine prevalence and factors associated with family planning use, among women of reproductive age in the face of Covid-19 in Amuria Town council in Uganda. The respondents for the study were chosen using purposive sampling technique. We used questionnaires to collect data from study participants. Quantitative data was compiled and fed into the computer using Microsoft Excel and then exported to Stata 15.
 Results: The Prevalence was at 17.1% lower than the national target of 50%. 58.4% of our women were not using family planning because of the anticipated side effects. 50% those using family planning completed ordinary level education. The married women were 0.2 times less likely to use family planning. Single ladies were 4.6 times more likely to use family planning as compared to widowed, divorced and married.
 Conclusion: The prevalence of Family planning in Amuria Town Council was 17.1% much lower than the National Target. Being married and low level of education was associated with low uptake of Family planning in context of COVID-19. Family planning programs should put more focus on the married women and involve their husbands in implementation of their programs.

Contraceptive prevalence, prevalence of unmet need for family planning and its correlates among ever married females of 15-49 years age group in Kalutara District, Sri Lanka in 2010

Background: Correct use of modern contraceptives remains the most effective method of reducing unmet need and avoiding unplanned pregnancies and their consequences. Objective: To determine the contraceptive prevalence, prevalence of unmet need for family planning and its correlates among 15 – 49-year-old ever married women in the district of Kalutara, Sri Lanka. Method: A community based descriptive cross sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of family planning and unmet need for family planning among 1200 ever married females in 15-49 age group, selected by cluster sampling technique. Correlates of unmet need were assessed by case control analysis which included bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Overall contraceptive prevalence was 69.4% (95%CI: 66.1-72.7) with a prevalence of 60.5% (95%CI: 51.9-69.1) for modern methods and 8.9% (95%CI: 3.3-14.5) for natural & traditional methods. Prevalence of unmet need was 9.4 % (95%CI: 7.7-11.1) with 1.5 % (95%CI: 0.79-2.2) for spacing and 7.9% (95%CI: 6.3-9.5) for limiting. Unmet need for modern methods was 18.7% (95%CI: 16.1 - 20.6). High risk of unmet need was found to be associated significantly with age above 35 years, education below grade 05, unemployment, less frequent sex, not willing to use modern methods in future and lack of counseling services. Conclusions: Although contraceptive prevalence is high in Kalutara district, existence of high prevalence of unmet need and the risk associated with poorly educated, unemployed women in older age groups indicates the need of a specific programme to prevent unwanted pregnancies.

English

Ethiopia is among the African countries with high maternal and child mortality rates, with a fast-growing population. To prevent the fast growing population; availability, the stability of contraceptive method and identifying factors that affects the practice of modern contraceptives should be given a priority. Thus, this study aims to identify the practice of contraceptives focusing on women’s empowerment and other gender-related factors among married women. Primary data were collected from 984 married women out of which 561 (57.01) were users of contraceptives in Amhara region. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and econometric models such as multiple and multilevel logistic regressions. The results showed that; zone, the educational status of the couple, the age of women, discussing family planning issues with a partner, decisions about how each partner’s income would be used, the income of women, wife beating and sexual response were significant factors in family planning. The multilevel analysis found that the variance of the random component related to the intercept term was found to be statistically significant, implying differences in the prevalence of family planning among the zone. It also found that the educational status of the couple, the age of the women, discussing family planning issues with a partner, decisions making in income earnings, the income of women, wife beating and sexual response were significant determinants of varying proportions of family planning.   Key words: Family planning, multilevel logistic regression model, women empowerment. &nbsp

Family planning use; Prevalence, pattern and predictors among women in an urban slum in Enugu, Nigeria

INTRODUCTION:High fertility,high birth rates and low family planning prevalence rate is a common feature in developing countries with consequent rapid population growth. Family planning has saved the lives and protected the health of millions of women and children. This study aims to ascertain prevalence, pattern and predictors of family planning use among women living in an urban slum. METHODOLOGY: It was a Community based,descriptive cross sectional study using questionnaire. Chi square test was used to assess associations of socio-demographics characteristics with ever used and currently using family planning. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of family planning use. RESULT: Of the 281 women studied, 50.5% of respondents have used family planning method before and 35.6% still using. Commonly used methods include;withdrawal (30.2%),condom (26.7%) and abstinence (26.7%) while the least used were sterilization (1.1%) and BTL (1.4%).About 79.7% of non-users cited fear of side effects as the major reason and9.3% discontinued due to side effects. There were statistically significant association of age,marital status, occupation and number of children with ever used family planning (all p 35 years 0.32 (95% CI: 0.122-0.83) likely to have ever used family planning than those aged 24 years and below. Equally those with 1-3 children were 0.25 (95% CI: 0.08-0.80) likely and those that had> 3 children 0.22 (95% CI: 0.06-0.81) likely to have ever used family planning than those with no children. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of family planning is poor. Fear of side effects, inconvenience and religion played a major role in the reduction of use of family planning. Identified predictors were age and number of children. There is need to increase access, reduce cost and improve promotion on services like counselling to enable informed choices which will ultimately increase family planning uptake.

Predictors of Long Acting Reversible Contraceptive use among Married Women Visiting Health Facilities in Jimma Town

Background: A long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method is a birth control method, which provides effective contraception for an extended period of time without requiring user action. The most common methods of these contraceptives are non-hormonal copper intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) and implantable contraceptive which are safe, effective, convenient and less expensive for the users. Ethiopia is one of the Sub-Saharan African countries with highest maternal mortality rate with 673 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. The prevalence of family planning in Ethiopia among married women is 29% of these 2% and 3.4% are using IUCD and implant, respectively. There are many factors related to the use of long-acting methods. Despite this, the use of long acting reversible contraceptives is still low in Africa, especially Ethiopia. There is no study that documented use of long acting reversible contraceptive and its predictors in the study area. This study was carried out to fill the gap in information about the practice of long-acting contraceptives use in Jimma Town. Moreover, the study will help the policy makers to design appropriate strategies for encouraging greater use of long-acting contraceptives thereby ensuring further declines in fertility and better reproductive health of couples. Objective: This study was to assess predictors of long acting reversible contraceptives use among married women visiting health facilities in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study was employed from February to March 2012among married women visiting public health facilities in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. A total of 422 married women were selected using systematic sampling methods. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected using structured interviewer administered questionnaire and focus group discussion guides, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to isolate an independent effect of predictors. Results: A total of 418 married women were interviewed giving a response rate of 99.1%. The overall prevalence of long acting reversible contraception use was 16%.Out of 39.8% who intended to use long acting reversible Contraceptives (LARCs), 82.1% preferred to use implant while 17.9% preferred. The main reasons mentioned by the majority of married women for not using LARCs were: rumor (48.1%), husband’s opposition (47.6%), fear of side effects (36.80%), and religious prohibition (34.80%). On multivariable logistic regression analyses, couples discussion, husband’s attitude/ feeling about long acting contraceptives, provider’s discussion with client, myths and beliefs (misconception) and religious prohibition were significant independent predictors of long acting reversible contraceptives use. Conclusions: There is low utilization of LARCs in the study area. The results imply the need for designing appropriate behavior change communication about family planning, especially about LARCs using Health Extension Workers and women’s development army to encourage informed choice and use of long acting reversible contraceptives as a method mix.

Family planning prevalence among postpartum mothers attending child welfare clinics - A Sri Lankan experience

Sir, One of the main reasons for seeking abortion in Sri Lanka is insufficient spacing between births.(1) This could be partly due to deficit in postpartum contraceptive services. A hospital-based study reported that at the time they leave the hospital, knowledge on the appropriate time to start a contraceptive method was poor among Sri Lankan mothers.(2) Even among those who are knowledgeable, the actual practices are unknown. Studies have demonstrated that antenatal programs that promote contraception are not effective to improve postpartum contraceptive prevalence.(3,4) The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of modern Family Planning (FP) methods among postpartum mothers in order to improve maternal and child healthcare service provision. A clinic-based, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in the area of the medical officer of health, Beruwala. We interviewed all infant-mother pairs where infants were two months of age, attending child welfare clinics for the first dose of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DTP) during a period of two months. A cluster sampling technique was used to obtain the sample from 19 child welfare clinics. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Authors collected data during routine clinic visits. Ethical and administrative clearance was obtained from the National Institute of Health Sciences, Kalutara. All together 129 mothers were interviewed. Mean age of the study sample was 27 years with a standard deviation of 4.6. Median duration of the postpartum period was eight weeks. Sixty-four of the study sample were having their first child. The sample consisted of 58 (45%) Muslim mothers and 71 (55%) Sinhalese mothers. Family Planning (FP) prevalence among study participants was 41.1% (53). Out of the mothers who were not on FP, 22 (28.9%) had already decided on an FP method. Fifty-four mothers, 41.9%, neither used a family planning method nor had they decided on a method or when to start. All these 75 mothers who had already started and decided on an FP method had received domiciliary care (postpartum home visits by the public health midwife) and FP advice through the area public health midwife. Among those who had not decided on a method, 40 (74.1%) had no specific reasons for noncommencement, while 12 (22.2%) had not decided because of the inaccurate information received on FP. Nine mothers (16.7%) did not receive domiciliary care at all and only 33 (61.1%) received family planning advice from the area public health midwife. Use of an FP method was significantly associated with domiciliary postpartum care (Fishers exact test P = 0.009) and FP counseling (χ2 = 17.5, P < 0.001). Maternal age, ethnicity or number of children was not significantly associated with postpartum FP prevalence. The prevalence of modern methods used among the reproductive age group in Sri Lanka was 49.5% in 2000.(5) The prevalence of modern FP methods used among postpartum mothers in our study sample was below this national average. The study shows that all mothers who received domiciliary care had not received FP counseling. Divisional level health care managers should pay more attention to improve the quality of postpartum care in order to improve maternal and child health status.

Family planning practices among currently married women in Khairpur District, Sindh, Pakistan.

To determine the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with family planning practices among currently married women in Khairpur District, Sindh, Pakistan. Cross-sectional community-based survey. From May to June 2000 in Khairpur District, Sindh. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to interview 300 subjects from the study area. Stratified cluster sampling was done to collect information on knowledge and use of family planning methods and other sociodemographic factors from the respondents. In this series 62% of the women were illiterate. Nearly 45% of the women were in the age group of 25-34 years. Exposure to family planning messages was greater by television (66%) than by radio (55%). The prevalence of family planning methods among married women was 27%. Oral contraceptive pills were the predominant method used (32%). Regarding sociodemographic factors, more than four living children, exposure to family planning messages on TV, and husband's approval were the main factors associated with the use of family planning methods. Prevalence of family planning is still low in upper Sindh area. In addition to continued use of mass media (television and radio), involvement of males should be incorporated in future family planning initiatives.