Family Members Of Type Research Articles

Role of Toll-like receptors in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis

Toll-like receptors(TLRs), as the family members of type Ⅰ transmembrane receptors, play a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Recently, TLRs are believed to be the cntical receptors in innate immunity . Innate immunity activated by the recognition of exogenous or endogenous by TLRs induces multiple cytokines that is the key factor to affect differentiation of naive T cells. Abnormal activation of TLIRs may cause the functional imbalance of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg, resulting in the occurence of autoimmune disease. Key words: Toll-like receptors; Rheumatoid arthritis; Signal transduction

The investigation of the periodontal status of type 2 diabetes mellitus families

To investigate the periodontal status of the family members of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 167 subjects in 43 families of type 2 diabetes were enrolled in this study (71 male, 96 female; mean age: 49.2). Periodontal index including probing depth (PD), plaque index (PLI), bleeding index (BI), attachment loss (AL) and the numbers of tooth loss were recorded. Ninety-seven diabetic patients all have periodontitis, 50 mild, 24 moderate and 23 severe periodontitis. Of 48 non-diabetic patients, there are 5 gingivitis, 30 mild, 11 moderate and 2 severe periodontitis. There is statistically significant difference in the incidence of gingivitis mild moderate and severe periodontitis between diabetic and non-diabetic patients (chi(2) = 17.96, P < 0.05). The periodontal index PD, AL and numbers of tooth loss in diabetes family members were significantly higher than those of non-diabetes family members (P < 0.05). The clinical parameters were not different between well-controlled family member and non-diabetes family member. Periodontal destruction of diabetes members was more severe than that of non-diabetes members. Diabetes mellitus may be a risk factor for periodontitis.

Intrahepatic Lipids Are Predicted by Visceral Adipose Tissue Mass in Healthy Subjects

Intracellular fat accumulation in the liver (1) and abdominal obesity (2–4) have both been related to reduced insulin action. An association between visceral and hepatic lipids has been demonstrated in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes (5). However, this association was not found in a cohort of nondiabetic subjects (1,6,7). The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationships between body fat distribution and hepatic lipids (measured using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy) in a large heterogeneous cohort of healthy subjects at increased risk of type 2 diabetes. For this purpose, we used a whole-body magnetic resonance imaging scan to measure various fat depots. Subjects ( n = 78) were selected from TULIP (Tubingen Lifestyle Intervention Program). Persons recruited for TULIP are healthy subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes, namely family members of type 2 diabetic patients, obese or overweight subjects (BMI >27 kg/m2), subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and women with a history of gestational diabetes. Subjects with clinically suspected alcohol abuse were excluded from the study. All subjects included in the present study were studied before starting a standardized exercise and dietary intervention program. The local ethics committee approved all protocols, and all subjects gave informed written consent. ### Magnetic resonance examinations A whole-body imaging protocol was applied for recording a set of 90–120 parallel transverse slices. Slice thickness was 10 mm for the entire body, with interslice gaps of 10 mm. T1-weighted contrast was applied, allowing semiautomatic quantitative assessment of fatty tissue and other tissue types in each cross section (Fig. 1 A , a and b ). Hepatic …

Faecal fat, bile acid excretion, and body height in familial hypercholesterolaemia and hyperglyceridaemia.

AbstractInvestigations on family members of patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (Type II) showed that the hypercholesterolaemic relatives were shorter than the unaffected (normocholesterolaemic) ones. The hyperglyceridaemic (Type IV) family members of Type IV patients had equal body height with the unaffected relatives, the subjects with Type II pattern tending to have subnormal stature. Further studies revealed that the hypercholesterolaemic subjects exhibited a slightly increased faecal fat excretion while faecal bile acid elimination was subnormal. In hyperglyceridaemic subjects faecal fat and bile acids were within the normal limits.