Family History Of Preterm Birth Research Articles

The intergenerational association of preterm birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Around half of preterm births lack identifiable causes, indicating the need for further investigation to understand preterm birth risk factors. Existing studies on the intergenerational association of preterm birth showed inconsistency in effect size and direction. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to review existing studies and provide comprehensive evidence on the intergenerational association of preterm births. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Maternity and Infant Care databases, from the inception of each database to 04 April 2024. Eligibility criteria included studies that reported on women who had given birth and had recorded information about a family history of preterm birth in one or both of the child's biological parents. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. A random-effects model was used to compute pooled estimates using odds ratios. Sixteen eligible studies with a total of 2 271 612 mothers were included. The findings indicated a 1.44 (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.34, 1.54) fold increase in odds of giving preterm births among women who were born preterm. Additionally, having a sibling born preterm (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.87) and having a partner born preterm (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.25) were associated with increased likelihood of giving preterm births among women. The study revealed that women with a family history of preterm birth face an increased risk of giving preterm births. Screening pregnant women for a family history of preterm birth is essential, with those having a positive family history requiring closer follow-up.

A Case Control Study to Assess the Risk Factors for Preterm Deliveries among the Mothers Admitted In Shri Vinoba Bhave Civil Hospital, Silvassa, Dadra And Nagar Haveli

BACKGROUND: According to WHO Preterm delivery is defined as a delivery that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation. “Born too Soon” decade of action on preterm birth, produced by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) together with PMNCH-the world’s largest alliance for Women, Children, and adolescents sounds the alarm on a “Silent emergency” of preterm birth, long under recognized in its scale and severity which is impeding progress in improving children’s health and survival. OBJECTIVE: This study aim to determine the risk factors associate with preterm deliveries among the Mothers admitted in Shri Vinoba Bhave Civil Hospital, Silvassa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli. METHODS: The research design adopted for study was Case- control study. The written permission was obtained from the concerned authority of Shri Vinoba Bhave Civil Hospital, Silvassa for conducting the study. During the data collection period, the investigator established a good rapport with Mothers who had participated in the study and taken written consent from each of them. Samples were assigned using consecutive sampling technique. As per the research design & tool, demographic & maternal related data was collected. After collecting data from 200 samples for control group and 50 samples for case group were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULT: A family history of PTD (OR:2.1, p value: 0.001, CI: 0.897-6.610), Height (OR: 1.672, p Value: 0.002, CI: 0.127-21.990), weight gain during pregnancy (OR: 13.070, p value: 0.024, CI: 1.413-120.851), , number of health visited during pregnancy (OR:8.411, p value: 0.001, CI:2.485-28.469), danger sign during pregnancy (OR: 2.01, p value: 0.001, CI:0.080-2.375), hypertension (OR:2.41, p value<0.0001, CI: 0.045-8.348), oligohydramnions (OR: 1.652, p value: 0.004, CI: 0.544-5.817)and PROM (OR: 2.319, p value=0.012, CI:0.012-1.280) were all significant associated with PTD. CONCLUSION: The present study assessed the risk factors for preterm deliveries among the mothers admitted at Shri Vinoba Bhave Civil Hospital, Silvassa, DNH. In this study, a family history of preterm birth, weight gain during pregnancy, danger sign during pregnancy, hypertension, oligohydramnions and PROM. Recognizing the most common risk factors for PTD will help to increase the awareness about high-risk pregnancy, improve the preventive measures of preterm risk factors and modify preterm care protocol.

Socioeconomic Risk Factors for Preterm Birth in Manipur, Northeast India: A Community-Based Study

AbstractBackground Preterm birth (PTB) is one of the world's leading health concerns, affecting both the mother and the children. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and socioeconomic factors associated with PTB among the Meitei women of Manipur.Materials and Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in postpartum Meitei women of Manipur. Participants were 126 postpartum women that gave birth to a singleton live-born infant and were classified as women giving birth before 37 weeks of gestation (PTB) and women giving birth at ≥37 weeks (term). Data were compared using univariate analysis, and the association of socioeconomic factors with PTB was determined through multivariate logistic regression using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 25 version software program, and statistical significance was taken at a p-value < 0.05.Results The overall prevalence of PTB is 23.01%, of which 13.79% are of extremely preterm. This study revealed a significant association of PTB with mother's occupation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40–14.26, p = 0.012), tobacco consumption during pregnancy (AOR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.01–8.33, p = 0.048), having family history of PTB (AOR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.09–9.04, p = 0.034), and early age at menarche (AOR = 4.26, 95% CI: 1.49–12.12, p = 0.007).Conclusion The study highlights the high prevalence of PTB and its association with various socioeconomic factors. Such community-specific studies should be performed to understand the differential risk factors of PTB to control premature death in under 5 years children and to promote women's reproductive health.

Family history is a predictor of current preterm birth

Reliable prediction of spontaneous preterm birth remains limited, particularly for nulliparous and multiparous women without a personal history of preterm birth. Although previous preterm birth is a risk factor for recurrent preterm birth, most spontaneous preterm births occur in women with no previous history of preterm birth. This study aimed to determine whether patients' self-reported maternal family history of preterm births among siblings and across 3 generations was an independent risk factor for spontaneous preterm births after controlling for potential confounders. This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively acquired cohort using a comprehensive single, academic center database of deliveries from August 2011 to July 2017. The objective of the current analysis was to evaluate the risk of preterm birth among women with and without a family history of preterm birth. All subjects in the database were directly queried regarding familial history across 3 generations, inclusive of obstetrical morbidities. Index subjects with probable indicated preterm birth (eg, concurrent diagnosis of preeclampsia; hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count; or placenta previa or placenta accreta) were excluded, as were nonsingleton pregnancies. Univariate and multivariate analyses with logistic regression were used to determine significance and adjusted relative risk. In this study, 23,816 deliveries were included, with 2345 (9.9%) born prematurely (<37 weeks' gestation). Across all subjects, preterm birth was significantly associated with a maternal family history of preterm birth by any definition (adjusted relative risk, 1.44; P<.001), and the fraction of preterm birth occurring in women with a positive family history increased with decreasing gestational age at which the index subjects of preterm birth occurred. For nulliparous women, a history in the subject's sister posed the greatest risk (adjusted relative risk, 2.25; P=.003), whereas for multiparous women with no previous preterm birth, overall family history was most informative (P=.003). Interestingly, a personal history of the index subject herself being born preterm presented the greatest individual risk factor (adjusted relative risk, 1.94; P=.004). Spontaneous preterm birth in the current pregnancy was significantly associated with a maternal family history of preterm birth among female relatives within 3 generations and notably sisters. The risk persisted among gravidae without a previous preterm birth, demonstrating the capacity for familial history to independently predict risk of spontaneous preterm birth even in the context of a negative personal history. This study provides evidence that self-reported maternal family history is relevant in a US population cohort and across more distant generations than has previously been reported.

DNMT3B rs1569686 and rs2424913 gene polymorphisms are associated with positive family history of preterm birth and smoking status

AimTo evaluate the association between spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)1, 3A, 3B, and 3L gene polymorphisms, and their contribution to the clinical characteristics of women with SPTB and their newborns.MethodsThis case-control study, conducted in 2018, enrolled 162 women with SPTB and 162 women with term delivery. DNMT1 rs2228611, DNMT3A rs1550117, DNMT3B rs1569686, DNMT3B rs2424913, and DNMT3L rs2070565 single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. The clinical characteristics included in the analysis were family history of preterm birth, maternal smoking, maternal age, gestational week at delivery, and fetal birth weight.ResultsDNMT gene polymorphisms were not significantly associated with SPTB. DNMT3B rs1569686 and rs2424913 minor alleles (T) were significantly more frequent in women with familial PTB than in women with non-familial PTB, increasing the odds for familial PTB 3.30 and 3.54 times under dominant genetic models. They were also significantly more frequent in women with SPTB who smoked before pregnancy, reaching the most significant association under additive genetic models (odds ratio 6.86, 95% confidence interval 2.25-20.86, P < 0.001; odds ratio 3.77, 95% confidence interval 1.36-10.52, P = 0.011, respectively).ConclusionsDNMT3B rs1569686 and rs2424913 gene polymorphisms might be associated with positive family history of PTB and smoking status.

Divergent Patterns of Mitochondrial and Nuclear Ancestry Are Associated with the Risk for Preterm Birth

To examine linkages between mitochondrial genetics and preterm birth by assessing the risk for preterm birth associated with the inheritance of nuclear haplotypes that are ancestrally distinct from mitochondrial haplogroup. Genome-wide genotyping studies of cohorts of preterm and term individuals were evaluated. We determined the mitochondrial haplogroup and nuclear ancestry for individuals and developed a scoring for the degree to which mitochondrial ancestry is divergent from nuclear ancestry. Infants with higher degrees of divergent mitochondrial ancestry were at increased risk for preterm birth (0.124 for preterm vs 0.105 for term infants; P< .05). This finding was validated in 1 of 2 replication cohorts. We also observed that greater degrees of divergent ancestry correlated with earlier delivery within the primary study population, but this finding was not replicated in secondary cohorts born preterm. Individuals with divergent patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear ancestry are at increased risk for preterm birth. These findings may in part explain the higher rates of preterm birth in African Americans and in individuals with a matrilineal family history of preterm birth.

Role of 3‐Dimensional Power Doppler Sonography in Differentiating Pregnant Women With Threatened Preterm Labor From Those With an Asymptomatic Short Cervix

To compare cervical volumes and vascularization indices using 3-dimensional power Doppler sonography among singleton pregnancies with threatened preterm labor and an asymptomatic short cervix. Three hundred asymptomatic healthy pregnant women between 24 and 34.6 gestational weeks were prospectively scanned for cervical length. If cervical length was short, defined as below the 10th percentile for gestational age, the cervical volume and vascularization indices (vascularization index [VI], vascularization-flow index [VFI], and flow index [FI]) were measured. Women receiving any treatment for preterm delivery prevention were excluded. During this period, the same sonographic parameters were measured among patients with threatened preterm labor admitted to our institution during the first 24 hours after admission. Multiple pregnancies and fetal or maternal pathologic conditions, were exclusion criteria. Data on body mass index, maternal age, smoking, parity, family history of preterm birth, mother who was born preterm, and previous preterm birth among the pregnant women were recorded. Sonographic and medical history parameters were compared between the two groups. Twenty-nine asymptomatic healthy women (9.6%) had a short cervix. Additionally, 71 pregnancies with threatened preterm labor were scanned. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in medical history parameters or cervical length. The cervical volume was smaller in threatened preterm cases (12.90 versus 17.168 cm(3); P = .005). The VI and VFI were lower in women with an asymptomatic short cervix (VI, 4.369% versus 15.939%; P < .001; VFI, 1.514 versus 4.878; P < .001). The FI was higher in the short cervix group (33.581 versus 30.311; P = .006). Three-dimensional transvaginal sonography reveals differences in cervical volume and vascularization indices between pregnancies with an asymptomatic short cervix and cases with threatened preterm labor, although cervical length is similar in both groups.

Progesterone Receptor Genotype, Family History, and Spontaneous Preterm Birth

To examine whether women with a personal or family history of preterm birth are more likely to have genetic variation in the human progesterone receptor (hPR). Women with a singleton preterm birth at less than 37 weeks of gestation between 2002 and 2006 were identified from a prospectively collected clinical and biologic obstetric database (cases). Women in the control group were those with only term deliveries at or above 38 weeks of gestation. The Utah Population Database was queried for family history (first- or second-degree relative) of preterm birth. DNA was extracted from stored buffy coats and genotyped for six single nucleotide polymorphisms in the hPR. One hundred fifty-four patients (92 women in the preterm case group, 62 women in the term control group) were included. All were white or Hispanic. There were no statistical differences between white and Hispanic allele frequencies. Women in the preterm case group were more likely to carry the minor allele, G (minor allele frequency 0.29 compared with 0.18, P=.035) for rs471767, and were more likely to carry the GT haplotype across rs471767 and rs578029 compared with women in the term control group. Similar haplotype block variation was seen among women with preterm birth plus a family history of preterm birth. Allele and haplotype frequencies in the hPR are significantly different among women with preterm birth and women with preterm birth plus a family history of preterm birth. This suggests the hPR gene may be a candidate for association with preterm birth or familial preterm birth. III.

Genetic Basis of Preterm Birth

Epidemiologic data show that women who deliver prematurely often have a personal and/or family history of preterm birth (PTB) and that racial and ethnic differences influence the incidence of PTB. This may indicate genetic predisposition to PTB. However, since races and ethnic groups tend to share environmental factors (exposure to toxins, living conditions, diet, smoking), epidemiologic data may just confirm environmental influences on PTB. Alternatively, PTB may represent a consequence of gene-environment interactions. Infection and inflammation correlate with increased risk for preterm premature rupture of amniotic membranes (PPROM) and PTB. Immunomodulatory molecules and their receptors regulate these processes and many of them are products of polymorphic genes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of a gene may lead to a differential expression of its product. So far, SNPs for several genes have been implicated in PTB. If it is confirmed that polymorphism(s) in particular gene(s) correlates with PTB, it may become possible to develop targeted diagnostic and therapeutic approaches tailored towards unique genetic characteristics of a mother/fetus pair.

Preterm Birth: A Review of Genetic Factors and Future Directions for Genetic Study

Preterm birth remains the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality and is likely the result of interactions between specific genes and the maternal or fetal environment. The strong familial clustering of disease with documented increased risks in patients with a personal or family history of preterm birth and the racial disparities in the incidence of preterm birth support a genetic component of this condition. New technologies such as microarray, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis, and proteomics will lead to the eventual identification and characterization of the genetic etiology of preterm birth.