Family History Of Mental Disorders Research Articles

Stigma towards people with mental conditions in healthcare workers: an Italian cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Stigma towards people with mental disorders (MD) in healthcare workers (HCWs) can negatively influence the quality of care provided and hinder patients from accessing healthcare. The aim of this study was to analyze stigma and its determinants among physicians and nurses in Italy, as a basis for future strategies to reduce its extent. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2023. A sample of 1053 physicians and nurses working in Italy answered an online 52-item questionnaire. Variables explored demographic data, work context, burnout symptoms, and personal or family history of MD. The Opening Minds Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC) was used to assess the level of stigma (score from 20 to 100, higher scores represent higher levels). Descriptive analysis and multivariable linear regression were performed. Results Females were 69.5% and median age was 48 years (IQR=37-58). Physicians were 60.5%. A total of 20% of the sample worked in psychiatric settings. Burnout symptoms were reported by 23.5%. Results showed a median OMS-HC score of 49 (IQR=43-54). Positive associations with stigmatizing attitudes were found for being a nurse (p = 0.020) and being in burnout (p = 0.017), while working in a psychiatric setting (p < 0.001) and having personal or family history of MD (p < 0.001) had negative associations. Conclusions This research unveiled a notable amount of stigma among Italian HCWs towards individuals with MD. Since people with MD experience higher rates of disability and mortality, it has to be a public health priority to develop targeted strategies to reduce stigma in HCWs, as it discourages patients from accessing healthcare. Future interventions should be tailored for different professionals and dealing with HCWs burnout. Key messages • Future interventions should consider that healthcare workers in burnout and nurses tend to have more stigma toward patients with mental conditions. • Healthcare professionals working in psychiatric settings and having personal or family history of mental disorders showed lower stigma.

Perceived Parenting Styles and Parental Bonding among a Sample of Adolescents Attending Adolescents’ Psychiatry Clinic at Ain Shams University Hospital

Abstract Background Although family history of mental disorders is one of the most consistent and potent risk factors for mental disorders in offspring, both familial and non-familial environmental factors are thought to play a role in etiology. Many aspects of parenting, ranging from daily interactions to potentially traumatic experiences such as abuse and inter-parental conflict, may be not only mechanisms through which parental disorders confer increased risk to offspring but also independent risk factors for mental disorders. Aim of the Work Our study aimed to study perceived parenting styles among adolescents with different psychiatric disorders compared to adolescents without psychiatric disorder, study both maternal and paternal bonding among adolescents with different psychiatric disorders compared to adolescents without psychiatric disorder. Patients and Methods Our study was conducted in Ain Shams university hospital, precisely in the outpatient clinic of Okasha institute of psychiatry. We compared 50 adolescents diagnosed with different psychiatric disorders to 50 healthy adolescents. Participants were recruited from the outpatient clinic while a matched group of adolescents without psychiatric disorders was recruited from adolescents of employee working in Okasha institute of psychiatry. Results adolescents with different psychiatric disorders perceived their parents as more authoritarian, less authoritative. they also perceived their mothers as less permissive, while there was no significant difference between both groups regarding father's permissiveness. Low level of care and high level of overprotection were significantly correlated with all psychiatric disorders in the study group. Conclusion Pathogenic parenting styles characterized by high level of control and overprotection and low level of care are associated with wide range of psychiatric disorders in adolescents, while parenting styles characterized by high level of care seem to be protective against psychiatric disorders in adolescents.

Prevalence of cyberbullying involvement and its association with clinical correlates among Chinese college students

BackgroundCyberbullying refers to a modern form of bullying that could be practiced electronically or on the Internet. This study conducted a cross-sectional survey to explore different types of cyberbullying involvement (CI) and the associations of CI with demographic characteristics and mental health problems among Chinese college students. MethodsA total sample of 18,578 Chinese college students were recruited (68.1 % female, mean age = 20.07 years) from October 17 to 29, 2023. All participants completed self-reported web-based questionnaires on demographic characteristics, CI, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. ResultsMore than a quarter of participants (27.5 %) have been involved in cyberbullying: specifically speaking, 10.1 % cybervictims, 4.7 % cyberbullies, and 12.7 % both (cyberbully-victims). Males, younger age, left-behind experiences, individuals with poorer family economic status, adolescents with chronic physical illness, and those with family history of mental disorders are more likely to experience CI. Unlike participants without CI, cybervictims and cyberbully-victims reported a higher risk of sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Cyberbullies also have a higher rate of sleep disturbance and depression than their peers who are not involved in cyberbullying. ConclusionOur findings indicate that CI is widespread among Chinese college students, and CI is associated with the high reported rates of a series of psychopathology. This study highlights the significance of implementing anti-cyberbullying interventions specifically targeted at college students. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of monitoring changes in students' mental health status throughout the intervention process.

Prevalence and correlates of non-suicidal self-injury among patients with bipolar disorder: A multicenter study across China

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is increasingly prevalent among patients with bipolar disorder (BD), raising concerns in psychology and mental health. Investigating the incidence and factors associated with NSSI is crucial for developing prevention and intervention strategies. MethodsNSSI behaviors were identified using the Ottawa Self-injury Inventory. The Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale supplemented with questions for the DSM-5 specifier of mixed features (CUDOS-M) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (Hypo-)Manic Episode with Mixed Features-DSM-5 Module (MINI-M) were used to evaluate clinical symptoms. Non-parametric tests, chi-square tests, point-biserial correlation and logistic regression analyses were employed for the purposes of data analysis. ResultsThe enrolled sample comprised 1044 patients with BD from 20 research centers across China. Out of 1044 individuals, 446 exhibited NSSI behaviors, with 101 of them being adolescents, leading to a prevalence of 78.3 % among adolescent patients. The most common methods for females and males were “cutting” (41.2 %) and “hitting” (34.7 %), respectively. By binary logistic regression analysis, young age, female, bipolar type II disorder, with suicidal ideation and mixed states, depressive symptoms and without family history of mental disorder were correlates of NSSI in patients with BD (P < 0.05). LimitationsAs a cross-sectional study, causality between NSSI behaviors and associated factors cannot be established. Reporting and recall biases may occur due to self-rating scales and retrospective reports. ConclusionOur study indicates a concerning prevalence of NSSI, particularly among young patients with BD in China. Future research should focus on understanding NSSI behaviors in this population and developing effective interventions.

Pre and perinatal predictors on autism spectrum disorders: a case-control study in the west of Iran

IntroductionThe constellation of pre and perinatal predictors are introduced as predictor for autism spectrum disorders (ASD), however, the information about the direction and strength of these predictors are lacking in Western, Iran. The current study aimed to determine the pre and perinatal predictors of ASD among children in this region.MethodsThis case-control study was conducted in Hamadan, Western Iran during January to March 2022. The study included 100 children with ASD who referred to the autism center as case group. Hundred children without ASD from registration system of health service centers were selected as control group and were matched (1:1) to cases by age and place of residency. A structured questionnaire about pre and perinatal predictors of ASD was developed by an expert panel. The questionnaire was administered by interviewing the mothers of children.ResultsBoy gender (OR: 3.51, 95% CI: 1.74–7.10, p-value < 0.001), small for gestational age (SGA) (3.92, 1.64–9.39, 0.002), maternal diabetes (3.51, 1.03–24.95, 0.04) and family history of mental disorders (3.64, 1.18–11.27, 0.04) were identified as significant predictors in a multivariable analysis.ConclusionOur study emphasizes on the importance of screening and monitoring for ASD in the boys, those with history of SGA, from mothers with history of diabetes and with family history of mental disorders. Proposing the replication of findings emphasizes the necessity of conducting studies with larger sample sizes.

Suicidal ideation in adolescents with adiponectin receptor 2 rs12342 polymorphism affected by Wenchuan earthquake.

The present study was to investigate prevalence of suicidal ideation and its associations with biological and environmental factors in adolescents with different genotypes of rs12342 at adiponectin receptor 2 gene (ADIPOR2). Suicidal ideation, biological and environmental factors were evaluated by questionnaires in 669 high school students after Wenchuan earthquake in China. ADIPOR2 rs12342 was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and verified by DNA sequencing. Female adolescents had higher prevalence of suicidal ideation than male students in AG heterozygote and GG homozygote, but not AA homozygote. Prevalence of suicidal ideation was different in male, but not female, subjects with different genotypes. Genotype and allele frequencies were significantly different between male students with and without suicidal ideation, but not the female counterparts. Family history of mental disorders, extent of damage to property, carbohydrate intake and protein intake were associated with suicidal ideation in female subjects, while ADIPOR2 rs12342, father's educational level and previous trauma experience were associated with suicidal ideation in male subjects. ADIPOR2 rs12342 is associated with and has potential to interact with environmental factors on suicidal ideation in a gender-dependent manner in youth. These findings pave a novel way and perspective for precision inferences of suicidal ideation in subjects with different genetic backgrounds. ADIPOR2 rs12342 needs to be considered when intervening suicidal ideation, especially in adolescents.

Risk Factors of Alcohol Use Disorders Among Inpatients with Schizophrenia: An Institutional-Based Cross-sectional Survey.

This study aimed to elucidate the risk factors associated with alcohol use disorders (AUDs) among inpatients with schizophrenia at a specialized mental hospital in Baoding city, China. This cross-sectional survey comprised 301 comorbid patients. Three binary logistic regression models were used to investigate the factors linked to AUDs in patients with schizophrenia. Propensity score matching analysis was conducted to validate inconsistent variables identified by the regression models. Significant differences were observed between the comorbid and non-comorbid groups concerning sex (P < .001), disposition (P = .049), smoking habits (P < .001), place of residence (P = .010), family relationships (P = .002), family history of mental disorders (P = .008), history of alcoholism (P = .003), onset latency (P = .005), impulsivity (P < .001), suicide or self-injury history (P < .001), and obvious aggressive behavior (P < .001) in univariate analyses. The area under the curve values for the three regression models were 0.83 (P < .001), 0.80 (P < .001), and 0.81 (P < .001), respectively. Binary logistic regression and propensity score matching analyses indicated that introverted disposition, smoking, acute onset, impulsivity, and suicide or self-injury history were independent risk factors associated with AUDs in inpatients with schizophrenia with an odds ratio of > 1. Introverted disposition, smoking, acute onset, impulsivity, and suicide or self-injury history were independently associated with the AUDs in inpatients with schizophrenia. Future studies should prioritize longitudinal studies to discern the evolving dynamics of potential confounding risk factors.

Diagnostic conversion to bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults with major depressive disorder: a nationwide longitudinal study

Although several studies have examined a diagnostic conversion from major depressive disorder (MDD) to bipolar disorder (BD), only a few studies specifically focused on adolescents and young adults who are at the peak ages of BD onset. Data from participants (N = 130,793) aged 10–29 years who were diagnosed with MDD were extracted from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. We applied demographic analyses, survival analysis, Aalen Johansen curves, and Cox regression, investigating the diagnostic conversion rate and factors that were most or less predictive of conversion. Among the adolescents and young adults with MDD, the number of participant conversion subsample is 14,187 and the conversion rate was 13.80% (95% confidence interval: 13.54–14.06%) during the 11-year follow-up. The conversion rate was highest in the first year (4.50%; 4.39–4.61%) and decreased over time. The significant predictors were younger age of diagnosis with MDD (p < 0.001), moderate and high antidepressant resistance (p < 0.001), obesity (p < 0.001), psychiatric comorbidities (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, substance use disorder, and cluster B and C personality disorder, all p < 0.001), a family history of mental disorders (schizophrenia and mood disorders, all p < 0.05), lower monthly income (p < 0.001), and more mental health visits to the clinic each year (p < 0.001). A composite of demographic characteristics, antidepressant resistance, physical and psychiatric comorbidities, and family history significantly predicted diagnostic conversion from MDD to BD (area under the curve = 0.795, p < 0.001). Compared to adult population, the adolescents and young adults had different factors that were most or less predictive of conversion, which warrants further investigation.

Common mental disorders and associated factors among adult chronic kidney disease patients attending referral hospitals in Amhara Regional State

Common mental disorders (CMDs) are a wide term that includes disorders like depression, anxiety, and somatic manifestations. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are at high risk of developing a common mental disorders, which leads to a lower survival rate, poor clinical outcome, longer hospitalization, increased health-care utilization, difficulty adhering to medications, an increased risk of initiation of dialysis, poor quality of life, and an increased risk of mortality. However, there is limited study done related to common mental disorders and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors among chronic kidney disease patients attending referral hospitals in Amhara Regional State. An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized and Felege Hiwot Referral Hospitals from January to April 2020. The study participants were selected using systematic random sampling techniques. Common mental disorders were assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-Falk Institute (SRQ-F) tool. Data were entered into Epi Data Version 3.0 then exported into STATA 14 for analysis. Both bivariable and multi-variable binary logistic regressions were done to identify factors associated with common mental disorders. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, variables with a p-value of ≤ 0.05 were declared as a statistically associated with common mental disorders. In this study, 424 CKD patients were included, with a response rate of 100%. Among screened CKD patients, 40.8% was positive for common mental disorders, with a 95% CI (36–45%). Independent predictors of common mental disorders among CKD patients were poor social support [(AOR 3.1, 95% CI (1.67–5.77)], family history of mental disorders, [AOR 3.6, 95% CI (1.12–11.8)], comorbidity [AOR 1.7, 95% CI (1.03–2.78)], being female [AOR 2.69, 95% CI (1.72–4.20)], and duration of CKD (AOR 3.5; 95% CI (2.28–5.54). Two out of five CKD patients screened for CMDs were found to be positive. Common mental disorders were more common among CKD patients with poor social support, a family history of mental disorders, comorbidity, being female, and the duration of CKD. Therefore, screening CKD patients for common mental disorders is recommended.

Risk factors and predictive model for prenatal depression: A large retrospective study in China

BackgroundPrenatal depression, associated with adverse effects on mothers and fetuses, has received little attention. We conducted a large-sample study to investigate the risk factors of, and develop a predictive model for, prenatal depression in the Chinese population. MethodsThis study enrolled 14,329 pregnant women who delivered at the West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2017 to December 2020. Participants were divided into a training or validation cohort. Multiple variables were collected and selected using univariate logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalty regression. After multivariate logistic analysis, a predictive model was developed and validated internally and externally. ResultsNine variables (employment, planned pregnancy, pregnancy number, conception methods, gestational diabetes mellitus, twin pregnancy, placenta previa, umbilical cord encirclement, and educational attainment) were identified as independent risk factors for prenatal depression. Receiver operating characteristic curves in both the training and validation cohorts showed excellent discrimination of the predictive model (the area under the curve: 0.746 and 0.732, respectively). LimitationsThe results of this retrospective study may be affected by confounding and information bias. Some important variables were excluded, such as family history of mental disorders. The study was conducted in China; its results may not be generalizable to other regions. ConclusionOur study identified nine significant risk factors for prenatal depression and constructed an accurate predictive model. This model could be applied as a clinical decision aid for individualized risk estimates and prevention of prenatal depression.

The Perceived Assessment of Covid-19 Impact on Mental Functioning and Suicidality in Adult Population of Serbia

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the extent to which people in Serbia in the post-pandemic period assess the impact of coronavirus pandemic on their mental/professional functioning, and whether this assessment is correlated with the occurrence of suicidal ideation and behaviours. The retrospective-prospective study was conducted online via Google Forms during January 2023. The sample included 341 respondents from the general population, 250 women (73.3%) and 91 men (26.7%), aged from 19 to 72 (M=36.41, SD=14.72). Sociodemographic questionnaire, a questionnaire on the pandemic effects, and the Risk Assessment Suicidality Scale were used to obtain data. The respondents assessed the pandemic not to have exerted a significant effect on their mental life (M=1.19±0.84) and professional functioning (M=1.55±1.02). The women, university students, pensioners and single respondents reported a greater impact of the pandemic on mental functioning, while university students and single respondents reported a greater impact on professional functioning. The respondents who were assessed to be at suicide risk (15.8%) reported a higher effect of the pandemic on mental (U=5385, p&lt;0.001) and professional functioning (U=5799, p&lt;0.01). Multivariant binary logistic regression showed that having a family history of mental disorders (odds ratio 2.73), younger age (OR, 1.1) and not being in a relationship (OR, 0.49) increased suicide risk in this sample. Results are in line with previous findings indicating that women, university students and pensioners reported a higher effect of the pandemic on the level of stress, depression and anxiety symptoms. The study also speaks in favour of a specific vulnerability of people suffering from mental difficulties after the pandemic.

Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Patients With Cancer in Najran, Saudi Arabia.

Depression and anxiety are associated with poor health consequences in patients with cancer, and these mental health issues may affect cancer treatment. They are frequently triggered by stress, and cancer is among the most stressful conditions experienced by a person. Depression and anxiety are related to several sociodemographic variables in patients with cancer. However, only a few studies have examined the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with cancer in Saudi Arabia. To detect the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among patients with cancer at the Najran Oncology Center in Najran, Saudi Arabia, and determine the risk factors associated with these symptoms. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1, 2023, to September 30, 2023, on a convenience sample of patients diagnosed with cancer who were receiving chemotherapy at Najran Oncology Center, King Khalid Hospital, Najran, Saudi Arabia, and who agreed to participate in the study. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used. Data on the demographic characteristics of the patients were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Moreover, medical data were collected from the medical records of the patients. In total, 92 patients with various cancer diagnoses were recruited in this study. Among them, 51 and 41 were women and men, respectively. Moreover, 81 were married and 11 were either single, widow, or divorced. The mean age of the participants was 51.24 ± 15.15 years. The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety were 42.4% and 23.9%, respectively. There were significant associations between depression and marital status in patients with cancer-associated pain and those with a current history of chemotherapy. Furthermore, the association between anxiety and cancer-associated pain was significant. However, marital status was not associated with anxiety.Age, sex, family history of mental disorders, cancer duration, current cancer stage, and surgical interventions were not associated with the prevalence of depression and anxiety. Our findings underline the importance of identifying depression and anxiety in patients with cancer. Marital status, presence of pain, and current chemotherapy history were significantly associated with depression and pain with anxiety. Further studies with a higher number of patients with cancer should be conducted in Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries. Screening for depression and anxiety symptoms should be a part of the comprehensive evaluation of patients with cancer. Appropriate treatment interventions must be provided to patients with cancer who present with mental disorders.

Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among matriculated university students in Singapore during Covid-19 pandemic: findings from a repeated cross-sectional analysis

BackgroundDepression is a common issue among university students and has been particularly exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, limited research has specifically focused on depression among university entrants.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression severity and identify associated factors during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic using health screening questionnaires completed by matriculated university students in Singapore.MethodsA repeated cross-sectional study was conducted at a public university in Singapore. Data from health screening questionnaires administered in 2020 and 2021, involving 15,630 newly enrolled university students, were analyzed. The questionnaires covered students’ sociodemographic information, physical health status, own and family medical history, lifestyle behaviours, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 was used to measure the severity of depressive symptoms, categorizing into moderate to severe depressive symptoms (MSDS), mild depressive symptoms (MDS), or no depressive symptom (NDS). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the sociodemographic, physical and behavioural correlates of depression.ResultsThe prevalence of MSDS was 1% in both 2020 and 2021, while the rates for MDS were 1.93% in 2020 and 1.64% in 2021. In the 2020 cohort, male freshmen who reported better health had a lower likelihood of experiencing depression. Conversely, students of Malay ethnicity, those majoring in Engineering, those with multiple chronic diseases, monthly alcohol consumers, current smokers, and those with a family history of mental disorder had a higher likelihood of experiencing depression. Moreover, students who lived on-campus in the 2021 cohort were less likely to experience depression than those living off-campus. However, the associations between academic majors, alcohol consumption, and smoking with depression were not significant in the 2021 cohort.ConclusionsThis study reported a low prevalence of both MSDS and MDS among university entrants in Singapore. The study further identified three categories of factors associated with depression: sociodemographic, physical, and behavioural. This study suggests policy interventions to enhance targeted social support that address each student group’s specific requirements and susceptibilities. A more extensive and comprehensive study is warranted to assess the changes in student mental health status post-COVID-19 pandemic.

Risk factors for attempted suicide in non-psychotic patients with suicidal ideation.

In Eastern European countries, suicide rate are among the highest in the world and suicide attempts are among the most important risk factors. The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with suicide attempt (SA) in non-psychotic patients with suicidal ideation (SI). Among 6204 consecutive adult patients (residents of Moscow) with non-psychotic mental disorders (NPMD), 361 individuals aged 18-77 years (median 24 years) were enrolled in the study after screening for lifetime SI with the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview (SITBI). All participants were assessed for sociodemographic variables, psychiatric diagnosis, family history of mental disorders, history of abuse, sexual behavior, psychiatric treatments, suicide plan, SA, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Results of multivariable analyses (MV) are presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). 166 patients (46%) reported lifetime SA. In MV, variables associated with SA included smoking (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2-3.7), having made a suicide plan (OR 3.4; 95% CI 2.0-5.7), and scars covered by tattoos (OR 5.2; 95% CI 1.5-17.9). History of law violation (OR 2.0; 95% 1.0-4.2) was of borderline significance. Transition from SI to SA in patients with NPMD was associated with smoking, suicide planning, history of law violation and presence of tattoos covering scars.

Current Psychotic-Like Experiences Among Chinese College Students: Prevalence, Correlates, and Its Relationship with Suicidal Ideation.

Current psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are prevalent among adolescents. However, epidemiological data on the prevalence rate of current PLEs among college students and its clinical correlates are scarce and limited. To address this study gap, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of current PLEs among Chinese college students. A cross-sectional study was designed with a sample of 18,578 college students in China. Each participant completed a survey on social-demographic characteristics variables, PLEs, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the influential factors for PLEs among all participants and suicidal ideation among those with PLEs. Among Chinese college students, 40.3% of the participants reported having at least one PLE in the past month, while 7.5% had frequent PLEs. Males, age, residence location in town, left-behind experiences, poor family economic status, chronic physical illness, family history of mental disorder, BMI ≥ 28 [obesity], sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation were independent correlates for frequent PLEs. Furthermore, the prevalence of suicidal ideation among participants with frequent PLEs was 32.1%. Lower grades, sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety were independent predictors of suicidal ideation among college students who experience PLEs frequently. Current PLEs are widespread among Chinese college students. Suicidal ideation is largely prevalent among individuals who suffer frequent PLEs, suggesting that special measures and attention should be provided to these students based on relevant factors to prevent their suicidal ideation and behavior.

Polymorphic variants in the cluster of genes encoding trace amine receptors and cognitive functioning in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and healthy controls

To evaluate the association of polymorphisms in the TAAR1-9 gene cluster on chromosome 6 with cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and healthy controls. Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (n=216) and healthy people without a family history of mental disorders (n=240) completed a battery of cognitive tests, from which individual indices of cognitive functioning were derived. Associations of the cognitive index with 22 polymorphisms in the TAAR genes were assessed using ANCOVA controlling for sex, age, genetic structure of the sample, and polygenic risk scores of schizophrenia and intelligence. An interaction effect between group and genotype on the cognitive index was found at the rs3813355 site in the TAAR5 gene (F=6.68; p=0.010; η2p=0.02). A post hoc analysis revealed genotype-related differences in the patient group. Homozygotes for the common A allele had a milder cognitive deficit than carriers of the minor G allele (t=2.75; p=0.032; Cohen's d=0.38). The effect of genotype on cognitive index remained significant after the inclusion of disease duration and negative symptoms in the model (F=7.99; p=0.005; η2p=0.04). Of the individual cognitive indicators, associations with genotype were found for working memory and attention (F=8.25; p=0.005; η2p=0.05), cognitive flexibility (F=5.82; p=0.017; η2p=0.05) and verbal episodic memory (F=6.75; p=0.011; η2p=0.05). The results are consistent with the assumption of the role of the TAAR5 genetic polymorphism in the variability of cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia.

Standardized Treatment and Shortened Depression Course can Reduce Cognitive Impairment in Adolescents With Depression.

This study aimed to explore the influence of depression severity, disease course, treatment status, and other factors on cognitive function in adolescents with depressive disorders. Participants who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Sociodemographic data of each participant were recorded, including age, sex, and family history of mental disorders. Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale was used to assess depression status in adolescents. Moreover, P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN) were used to objectively evaluate the participants' cognitive function. Only 26.8% of the adolescents with depression received standard antidepressant treatment. The latencies of N2 (267.80±23.34 ms), P3 (357.71±32.09 ms), and MMN (212.10±15.61 ms) in the adolescent depression group were longer than those in the healthy control group (p<0.01). Further analysis revealed that the latency of MMN was extended with increased levels of depression in adolescents. The MMN latency was short in participants with depression receiving standardized treatment. Furthermore, the latency of MMN was positively correlated with the severity and duration of depression (correlation coefficients were 0.465 and 0.479, respectively) (p<0.01). Receiving standardized treatment and shortening the course of depression can reduce cognitive impairment in adolescents with depression.

ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN DENGAN STUDI KASUS DEFISIT PERAWATAN DIRI DENGAN PENDEKATAN SELF CARE TEORI DOROTHEO OREM

The biggest challenge in the world of health today that is still of concern to the world is the increasing cases of mental disorders in children and other vulnerable communities, especially teenagers and adults. This is due to several factors, including a family history of mental disorders, promiscuity, parenting patterns, and unpleasant experiences. Using Dorotheo Orem's self-care hypothesis method, contextual investigation aims to determine a picture of nursing care through contextual analysis of caring for one's own deficits. Contextual inquiry is a type of exam setting. Three clients are used in this example: This client has deficits related to self-care. The problem identified was a lack of self-care. The tasks given are self-care and self-administration. The patient looked dirty, had unkempt hair, yellow teeth, dental caries, had an unpleasant odour, and had long and dirty nails before receiving treatment. After receiving the third nursing care, patients are given the opportunity to maintain personal hygiene, care for themselves, and represent themselves. Following this logic, it is possible to argue that self-care interventions may help patients who struggle with self-care.&#x0D;

The impact of comorbid premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder on the clinical characteristics of bipolar disorder among Han Chinese women.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is commonly comorbid with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). However, little is known about their relationship. This study aimed to assess the impact of comorbid PMS or PMDD on the clinical characteristics of BD. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 262 women with BD. PMS and PMDD were screened with the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST). Symptomatic features were assessed with Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and atypical features by the depressive episode section of SCID-I/P. The rates of PMS and PMDD among BD were 57.6% and 20.6% according to PSST. No significant difference in the rates of PMS and PMDD was found between BD I, BD II, and BD-NOS. Compared to BD patients without PMS or PMDD, patients with comorbid BD and PMS or PMDD were younger, more educated, had a higher risk of OCD, had an earlier age of onset, scored higher on HAMD-17 and its sub-scale of anxiety/somatization, cognitive deficit, psychomotor retardation, and were more likely to have increased appetite and leaden paralysis. In addition, patients with comorbid BD and PMDD were less likely to experience traumatic life events, more likely to have family history of mental disorders and have inflammatory or autoimmune disease, scored higher on HMAD-17, particularly in its sub-scale of anxiety/somatization, cognitive deficit, psychomotor retardation, and sleep disturbance. Compared with BD without PMS or PMDD, BD with PMS or PMDD might be a specific subtype of BD characterized with earlier onset age, heavier genetic load, increased symptom severity, and atypical features.

Changes in sleep disturbance among Chinese adolescents: A population-based online survey

ObjectiveSleep disturbance is prevalent among adolescents but little is known about the short-term changes among Chinese adolescents. The study aimed to explore the prevalence and change patterns of sleep disturbance and identify its risk and protective factors. MethodsData were collected online from April 21st to May 12th, 2021 (Time 1, T1) and December 17th to 26th, 2021 (Time 2, T2). The final sample comprised 34,260 adolescents. Self-administrated questionnaires were used to assess socio-demographic variables, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, life events, family function, and resilience. ResultsThe prevalence of sleep disturbance was 12.0% at T1 and 11.8% at T2, with higher rates in females than males. Four groups of sleep disturbance change patterns were identified: non-sleep disturbance group (80.4%), persistent group (4.2%), new-onset group (7.6%), and remission group (7.8%). Risk factors for new-onset sleep disturbance included being in junior high school (AOR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.15–1.38), family history of mental disorders (AOR = 1.49, 95%CI = 1.03–2.15), and moderate (AOR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.13–1.36) and severe (AOR = 1.48, 95%CI = 1.27–1.72) family dysfunction. Risk factors for persistent sleep disturbance included being in junior (AOR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.08–1.45) and senior (AOR = 1.53, 95%CI = 1.15–2.03) high school, parental currently unmarried status (AOR = 1.34, 95%CI = 1.05–1.73), moderate (AOR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.02–1.39) and severe (AOR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.06–1.55) family dysfunction. Medium (AOR = 0.48, 95%CI = 0.43–0.53) and high (AOR = 0.34, 95%CI = 0.29–0.40) levels of resilience were protective factors against new-onset sleep disturbance, as well as against persistent sleep disturbance (medium level: AOR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.43–0.60; high level: AOR = 0.32, 95%CI = 0.25–0.43). ConclusionsInterventions aimed at promoting family functions and enhancing resilience may improve sleep disturbance among adolescents.