Family History Of Hypertension Research Articles

A longitudinal study of blood pressure circadian rhythm from childhood to early adulthood.

Altered blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythmicity has been increasingly linked with cardiovascular risk. However, little is known about BP circadian rhythm change with age and its possible sociodemographic, anthropometric, and genetic moderators. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP was measured up to 16 times over a 23-year period in 339 European Americans (EAs) and 293 African Americans (AAs), with an average age of 15 years at the initial visit. BP circadian rhythms were indexed by amplitude and percent rhythm (a measure of rhythm integrity) and calculated using Fourier analysis. BP amplitude and percent rhythm increased with age and average BP (BP mesor). AAs were more likely to have lower BP amplitude and percent rhythm than their EA counterparts. BP amplitude and percent rhythm also decreased with adiposity (BMI and waist circumference). The summer season was associated with lower BP amplitude in AAs and lower percent rhythm in both AAs and EAs. Sex, height, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and family history of essential hypertension did not have an independent impact on BP amplitude or percent rhythm. The results of the present study suggest that BP circadian rhythm increases with age and BP mesor from childhood to young adulthood, decreases with adiposity, and that AAs are more likely to have lower circadian rhythm than EAs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the summer season is associated with lower BP rhythmicity.

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and 20-year incidence of hypertension: the ATTICA prospective epidemiological study (2002-2022).

Dietary habits are a significant predictor of hypertension (HTN). We aimed to evaluate the long-term association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and HTN incidence. This was a prospective study among 1415 non-hypertensive adults (44% men, age: 41 ± 13 years) followed up for 20 years. Anthropometric, lifestyle, and clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated both at baseline and 10 years through the MedDietScore (range: 0-55, higher values indicate greater adherence). At the 20-year follow-up, 314 new HTN cases were recorded. HTN incidence was 35.5%, 22.5%, and 8.7% in the lowest, middle, and upper tertile of baseline MedDietScore, respectively (p < 0.001). For each 1-point increase in baseline MedDietScore, the 20-year HTN risk decreased by 7% [relative risk (RR): 0.925, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.906, 0.943], and this effect remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, and baseline lifestyle and clinical confounders, i.e., body mass index, physical activity, smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, family history of HTN, and presence of hypercholesterolemia and diabetes mellitus (RR: 0.973, 95%CI: 0.949, 0.997). In a similar multiadjusted model, compared to subjects who were consistently away from the Mediterranean diet (in the lowest MedDietScore tertile both at baseline and 10 years), only those who were consistently close (in the middle and upper MedDietScore tertiles both at baseline and 10 years) exhibited a 47% lower 20-year HTN risk. A high adherence to the Mediterranean diet, particularly when longitudinally sustained, is associated with lower incidence of HTN.

Additive interaction of family medical history of diabetes with hypertension on the diagnosis of diabetes among older adults in India: longitudinal ageing study in India

BackgroundThe present study aimed to estimate the additive interaction of family history of diabetes and hypertension on the diagnosis of diabetes among individuals aged 45 years and above in India. The coexistence of these two exposures may act synergistically on the risk of diabetes, leading to adverse health outcomes.MethodsThe study utilized the data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1 (2017–2018). The total sample size for the current study was 58,612 individuals aged 45 years and above. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to determine the individual and joint effect of a family history of diabetes with hypertension on diabetes. An additive model was applied to assess the interaction effect of the family medical history of diabetes with hypertension on the diagnosis of diabetes by calculating three different measures of additive interaction such as the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attribution proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index (S).ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes was three times higher among individuals with family history of diabetes (27.8% vs. 9.2%) than those without family history. Individuals with family history of diabetes (AOR: 2.47, CI: 2.11 2.89) had 2.47 times higher odds of having diabetes than those without family history. The prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher among individuals with hypertension and family history of diabetes (46.6%, 95% CI: 39.7–53.6) than those without the coexistence of family history of diabetes and hypertension (9.9%, 95% CI: 9.5–10.4), individuals with hypertension and without a family history of diabetes (22.7%, 95% CI: 21.2–24.2), and individuals with family history of diabetes and without hypertension (16.5%, 95% CI: 14.5–18.7). Moreover, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of the joint effect between family medical history of diabetes and hypertension on diabetes was 9.28 (95% CI: 7.51–11.46). In the adjusted model, the RERI, AP, and S for diabetes were 3.5 (95% CI: 1.52–5.47), 37% (0.37; 95% CI: 0.22–0.51), and 1.69 (95% CI: 1.31–2.18) respectively, which indicates that there is a significant positive interaction between family history of diabetes and hypertension on the diagnosis of diabetes. The study findings on interaction effects further demonstrate consistent results for two models of hypertension (self-reported hypertension and hypertensive individuals receiving medication) even after adjustment with potential confounding factors on diabetes (self-reported diabetes and individuals with diabetes receiving medication).ConclusionsThe study findings strongly suggest that the interaction of family history of diabetes with hypertension has a positive and significant effect on the risk of diabetes even after adjustment with potential confounding factors. Furthermore, the findings indicate a synergistic effect, emphasizing the importance of considering both family medical history of diabetes and hypertension when assessing diabetes risk and designing preventive strategies or interventions.

Diastolic Blood Pressure Response During Non - Isometric Exercise and Its Association with Family History of Hypertension

Diastolic Blood Pressure Response During Non - Isometric Exercise and Its Association with Family History of Hypertension

IJCM_185A: Prevalence and Predictors of hypertension among adult population of rural health training center of a medical college in central karnataka- A Cross Sectional study

Background: Cardiovascular Diseases [CVDs] are the most common cause of death globally. Among the risk factors for CVDs, hypertension (HTN) is associated with the strongest evidence of causation. In India, only 12% people with HTN have their Blood Pressure under control. The Knowledge about HTN and risk factors plays a major role in its prevention and management. With limited studies in rural India about the same, this study was conducted. Objectives: 1] To estimate the prevalence of hypertension in the study area 2] To determine the risk factors for hypertension among hypertensives of study area 3] To assess knowledge about hypertension among the hypertensives of study area. Methodology: A Survey on screening for Hypertension was conducted in rural health training center Avargolla village of Davangere district, Karnataka. A Community based cross sectional study was conducted among hypertensive adult population aged 30yrs and above through Universal sampling technique. Data was collected by in-person interview using questionnaire on risk factors, knowledge about the causation, consequence and prevention of the disease and by physical measurements of BMI and Waist to Hip ration. Data was analysed using of SPSS software. Results: Majority of the study participants were females 75%. More than 55% had no family history of hypertension. Out of 90% who were on treatment, less than 77% were on regular medications. Diabetes was the most common associated co-morbidity seen. 86% of the study population consumed less than 5 servings of fruits &amp; vegetables per day and &lt;600METS of physical activity. Majority of them reported as high salt intake and stress to be major causative factor. Conclusion: Healthy weight and good knowledge on HTN play a major role in the management of disease. Most of the participants had no family history of disease signifying the first generational onset of the disease.

Effect of the Healthy Dish Method to Reduce Waist Circumference in Teachers with Abdominal Obesity of a Peruvian University.

Obesity has increased steadily in recent decades, becoming a worldwide pandemic. To determine the effect of the "Healthy Dish" method to reduce waist circumference in teachers with abdominal obesity in a Peruvian University. Quasi-experimental, prospective study in 43 teachers, divided into 21 in the control group and 22 in the experimental group, who received a two-session workshop on abdominal obesity and the "Healthy Dish" method. The latter was applied for 2 months, monitored 5 days a week, the waist circumference of both groups was measured at one month and at two months and compared. For the statistical analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics or nonparametric statistics were applied (Mann-Whitney U-test, according to the assumption of normality). The predominant age range was 40 to 49 years, women, married, overweight, with a family history of hypertension, cancer and diabetes mellitus. After the intervention, 40.9% of teachers in the experimental group decreased their waist circumference and 54.5% normalized it, while the control group decreased it by 23.8% and 47.6% normalized it. Only 4.54% of teachers in the experimental group showed no change in their waist circumference, compared to 19.0% in the control group, and 9.52% of teachers in the control group increased their waist circumference. The healthy dish method has a positive effect on decreasing waist circumference in teachers with abdominal obesity.

IJCM_125A: Prevalence of hypertension and obesity among adolescents: a school based, cross sectional study in Aligarh

Background: Hypertension is a serious medical condition and cause of premature death worldwide, with upwards of 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women having the condition. Overweight and obesity are major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as: cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders and some cancers (including endometrial, breast, ovarian, prostate, liver, gallbladder, kidney, and colon). Recent literature suggests hypertension and obesity to be a rising health problem not only in adults but also in adolescents. The early identification and effective management of hypertension and obesity in children and adolescents is key primordial and primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hypertension and obesity and their associated factors among school going adolescents in Aligarh. Methodology: A school based cross-sectional study was carried out among 569 school students of Class-V to XII studying at schools of Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. Data was collected using a predesigned, structured questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured using digital blood pressure apparatus wit age appropriate cuffs and hypertension was defined using the American Academy of Paediatrics 2017 criteria. BMI was calculated using the standard formula, weight (kg)/height2 (m2), and values were compared with the WHO growth charts. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS 20.0 software. To study frequency distribution and sociodemographic characteristics, descriptive statistics were carried out. Chi square and other appropriate tests were applied. Results: In this study 569 adolescents were participated, of which 324 (56.9%) were males. The prevalence of elevated blood pressure was 10.7% and hypertension was 18.5%. The prevalence of obesity was 2.6%. Male gender, family history of hypertension, overweight/obesity are significantly associated with hypertension. Conclusion: Approximately one fifth of the participants in this study had hypertension, highlighting the need for intervention including lifestyle modification and active case finding.

Indian Clinician's Perspective on the Approach to the Management of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Hypertension (HTN) is considered one of the most frequent life-threatening noncommunicable illnesses. Because HTN has a significant public health impact on cardiovascular health status and healthcare systems in India, it is critical to study Indian clinicians' approaches to HTN management. Methodology This was a cross-sectional, multicentric, non-interventional, and single-visit study that aimed to gather data from across India and examine sociodemographic characteristics and clinician treatment choices in the management of HTN in Indian individuals. As a result, building an information platform about HTN is critical to preventing and controlling this growing burden. Results A total of 5298 patients were recruited in the study from 1061 study centers across India. Among the study patients, 66.67% were females with a mean age of 53.95 ± 14.4, and 66.28% of hypertensive patients presented comorbidities. Among the known risk factors for HTN, 2227 (44.5%) were smokers, while 2587 (51.7%) had sedentary lifestyles. A family history of HTN in either one or both parents was seen in 1076 (21.50%) patients. In management, 40.40% of patients were on anti-hypertensive monotherapy.Amlodipine (41.8%) in monotherapy and amlodipine + metoprolol (32.34%) in combination therapy were the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive. Conclusion Management of HTN can be improved by imparting patient education and awareness about the need for medication compliance, lifestyle modifications, and regular follow-up clinic visits.

Effectiveness of nutritional education on nutritional behavior and anthropometric indexes among patients with hypertension based on the health promotion model

ABSTRACT This study measured the effectiveness of nutrition education on anthropometric indexes and dietary commitment among patients with hypertension based on the Pender Model of Health Promotion. A quasi-experimental study was conducted on patients with hypertension. 40 patients in the control and 40 patients in the intervention group were investigated. Data were collected by distributing valid questionnaires about model constructs and testing 3-day diet record. Education was just conducted in the intervention arm including six sessions during three weeks and follow-up two and six months after education. Nearly three quarters of patients (70% in the intervention, 75% in the control group) were female. According to the educational status, 45% in the intervention and 37.5% in the control group were illiterate. Given the family history of hypertension, 40 and 47.5 % of participants in the intervention and control group had family history, respectively. There was no difference between the two groups regarding constructs of the HPM, anthropometric indexes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and nutritional behavior before education, while after education all variables were notably changed in 2 and 6-months’ follow-up. The most important predictor of nutritional behavior was the perceived benefits, while the weakest predictor was the affects related to the nutritional behavior. Education based on Pender Model of Health Promotion is useful to improve nutritional behaviors in patients with hypertension to the Iranian health system.

Assessment of risk factors for hypertension among undergraduate students in a medical college of Himachal Pradesh, India

Background: Hypertension is a commonest cardiovascular disorder and is major cause of premature death worldwide. An estimated 1.28 billion adults aged 30-79 years worldwide have hypertension, most (two-thirds) living in low and middle-income countries. So present study was undertaken to assess the risk factors for hypertension among First year MBBS students so that suitable preventive measures may be undertaken. Methods: It is cross sectional study conducted among first year MBBS students in DRKGMC Hamirpur. The duration of study is three months. The tools of study used were modified structured pretested self-administered questionnaire; WHO stepwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS). Weighing machine, measuring tape, digital BP apparatus and steadiometer. Results: A total of 115 students of MBBS first year participated in the study. There were a total of 31.3% (36) boys and 68.7% (79) girls. Thirty three percent (38) had a family history of hypertension. 16.52% (19) had a BMI more than the normal. Among the study participants only 5 students (4.35%) used to consume alcohol and smoke cigarettes. Most of study participants consume fast food and junk food. Conclusions: High prevalence of different modifiable risk factors for hypertension revealed among the study subjects.There is need to screen the modifiable risk factors from very early age.

Women and Cardiovascular Health: Unraveling Gender-Specific Factors, Risks, and Therapeutic Approaches in Contemporary Medicine.

Background and objective Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute a significant global health challenge,causing millions of deaths annually and straining healthcare systems worldwide. This study aimed to investigate and elucidate gender-specific factors, risks, and therapeutic approaches related to cardiovascular health in women within the context of contemporary medicine. Methodology We conducted a prospective observational study spanning one year (November 2022 to October 2023)at the Peshawar Medical Complex Hospital, to meticulously explore the field of women's cardiovascular health. With a diverse cohort of 435 women (age range: 18-55 years), representing various socioeconomic backgrounds and geographic locations, our study aimed to elicit comprehensive insights. Through structured interviews covering reproductive history, lifestyle, and psychosocial aspects, coupled with clinical assessments, we gathered multifaceted data. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Statisticsversion 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). By employing descriptive and t-tests for quantitative analysisand by thematically analyzing qualitative insights, our approach ultimately sought to provide a nuanced understanding of gender-specific factors impacting women's cardiovascular health. Results The study, involving 435 women, revealed various prevalent cardiovascular risk factors. Notable findings include a high incidence of a family history of CVD (n=213, 48.96%, p=0.013), hypertension (n=207, 47.58%), hypercholesterolemia (n=114, 26.21%), elevated triglycerides (n=162, 37.24%), and diabetes (n=64, 14.71%). Physical inactivity was also significantly more common (53.56%, p=0.004) compared to those engaging in regular activity. Women-specific risk factors comprised miscarriage (n=191, 43.91%). Therapeutic preferences varied, with a majority opting for lifestyle modifications (n=263, 60.39%) and pharmacological interventions (n=331, 76.33%). Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive understanding of prevalent cardiovascular risk factors, distinctive women-specific contributors, and diverse therapeutic preferences, highlighting the importance of personalized and targeted interventions to optimize women's cardiovascular health outcomes in contemporary medicine.

Gestational diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for future Type-2 diabetes mellitus: An experience from a tertiary care diabetes hospital, Karachi - Pakistan.

To evaluate the history of gestational diabetes mellitus and other risk factors in women presenting with Type-2 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary care hospital. This cross-sectional study was carried out at Baqai Institute of Diabetology & Endocrinology (BIDE), Baqai Medical University (BMU), Karachi-Pakistan from July 2019 to May 2022. Women with Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) visiting outpatient department of BIDE with a previous history of GDM were recruited. Details were obtained on pre-designed questionnaire after taking informed written consent. A total of 378 women who had a prior history of GDM were included. Mean age (years) was 43.53±10.17. Mostly women were obese (BMI = 30.53±6.08) and have sedentary lifestyle. Mean HbA1c (%) was 9.08±2.24. This study found family history of T2DM and hypertension were common risk factors in women with GDM history. Mostly, women were diagnosed as GDM during 2nd trimester 153(42%) and was mainly seen in multiparous women (occur in 4th and above pregnancy). We found hypertension as common complication during pregnancy. Around 46% women developed T2DM within one year of GDM diagnosis, and 29.6% between one to five years. Majority of women with GDM developed T2DM within five years of diagnosis. The potential associated risk factors were age, family history of diabetes, insulin use during pregnancy, trimester of GDM diagnosis, and hypertension during pregnancy. Awareness and life style modifications along with regular post-partum follow up with screening for T2DM should be part of GDM management to prevent or delay the occurrence of this serious complication.

AN EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF PREVENTIVE BEHAVIORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AMONG ADULT WORKERS WITH HYPERTENSION

Introduction: In Thailand, approximately 13 million adult workers have hypertension, with approximately 4.7% of those living in acculturated societies at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Aims: This study aims to examine the factors that predicted CVD prevention behaviors in individuals with hypertension. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 1,151 adult workers with hypertension from Sukhothai Province, Thailand, using a multistage sampling technique. The measurement tools included a standardized questionnaire approved by three experts and tested for reliability using the Cronbach’s alpha. A multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors that predicted CVD prevention behaviors. Results: This study involved a total of 1,151 participants, 61.90% of whom were females, with an average age of 52 years. In addition, 71.80% of the participants had a family history of CVD. The majority of the participants (73.4%) exhibited moderate levels of CVD preventive behaviors. Factors that predicted CVD preventive behaviors included self-efficacy (β = 0.423), family and social support (β = 0.162), perceived information (β = 0.119), attitude (β = 0.117), knowledge (β = 0.089), living with nuisance (β = -0.049), and family history of hypertension (β = 0.049). These predictors accounted for 39.2% of the variance (R2 = 0.392, p = 0.05). Conclusion: The intervention mapping to promote CVD preventive behaviors in adult workers with hypertension should focus on increasing self-efficacy by providing information to improve individual knowledge and attitude, as well as addressing environmental factors that may affect people's well-being, such as nuisances.

Machine learning-based models to predict the conversion of normal blood pressure to hypertension within 5-year follow-up.

Factors contributing to the development of hypertension exhibit significant variations across countries and regions. Our objective was to predict individuals at risk of developing hypertension within a 5-year period in a rural Middle Eastern area. This longitudinal study utilized data from the Fasa Adults Cohort Study (FACS). The study initially included 10,118 participants aged 35-70 years in rural districts of Fasa, Iran, with a follow-up of 3,000 participants after 5 years using random sampling. A total of 160 variables were included in the machine learning (ML) models, and feature scaling and one-hot encoding were employed for data processing. Ten supervised ML algorithms were utilized, namely logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), Gaussian naive Bayes (GNB), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), gradient boosting machine (GBM), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), cat boost (CAT), and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM). Hyperparameter tuning was performed using various combinations of hyperparameters to identify the optimal model. Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technology (SMOTE) was used to balance the training data, and feature selection was conducted using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Out of 2,288 participants who met the criteria, 251 individuals (10.9%) were diagnosed with new hypertension. The LGBM model (determined to be the optimal model) with the top 30 features achieved an AUC of 0.67, an f1-score of 0.23, and an AUC-PR of 0.26. The top three predictors of hypertension were baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP), gender, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), with AUCs of 0.66, 0.58, and 0.63, respectively. Hematuria in urine tests and family history of hypertension ranked fourth and fifth. ML models have the potential to be valuable decision-making tools in evaluating the need for early lifestyle modification or medical intervention in individuals at risk of developing hypertension.

Exploring the risk factors associated with hypertension in children: A systematic review

Introduction: Hypertension in children is increasingly becoming a global concern due to its impact on long-term health. This is influenced by several risk factors that can favor the occurrence of hypertension in children. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the risk factors that can affect the occurrence of hypertension in children.Methods: Searching articles using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) with keywords of risk factor AND hypertension OR high blood pressure AND children OR child. This research used academic databases, including Scopus, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar with inclusion criteria. The article discusses the risk factors for hypertension in children aged 6-19 years, no history of autoimmune and hematological disease, articles published in 2018-2023, studies using observational and quasi-experimental designs in English and using The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal method.Results: This research analyzed a total of seven articles. The risk factors for hypertension that often occur in children include excessive nutritional status, lack of physical activity, family history of hypertension, smoking habits in children, excess sodium consumption, and male gender have a higher risk of hypertension.Conclusion: Obesity has become the dominant factor in hypertension in children. It is recommended that children and adolescents exercise regularly, follow examinations at school or the nearest health facility, and maintain a healthy and regular diet. Keywords: children; hypertension; risk factor

Case Report: Burn injury on left hand ulceration and gangrene and debridement “Case report.”

Electricity constitutes a fundamental component of contemporary life, powering the majority of our appliances and devices, including indispensable once such as refrigerators. Nonetheless, it is of paramount importance to exercise the utmost caution when dealing with electricity, as even the slightest oversight or wiring hazard can precipitate tragic consequences, including loss of life. A 27-year-old male presented to the hospital with burns on his thighs and feet. He reported a history of an electrical burn on his right hand caused by an electrical socket at home while attempting to replace a light bulb. The wire from the socket came into contact with his thigh and foot. Initially, the family took him to a private hospital, but he was subsequently referred to a tertiary healthcare facility. The patient had a history of loss of consciousness at home and no reported chest discomfort, head trauma, or breathlessness. There was no family history of diabetes or hypertension. Initial, the family took him to a private hospital, but he was subsequently referred to tertiary healthcare facility. the patient had history of loss of consciousness at home and no reported chest discomfort, head trauma, or breathlessness. There was no family history of diabetes or hypertension. Initially investigating included a colour dropper study of the right hand and an x- rays. The patient underwent wound dressing using aseptic techniques and was admitted to the surgical intensive care unit for further management. An imperative aspect of education and awareness involves the proper instruction for safely handling electrical equipment, the use of appropriate clothing and protective gear while handling such equipment and the importance of switching off power supplies to reduce the incidence rate of such incidences.

Pre-hypertension and Hypertension Among University Students in Bahrain: A Study of Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors.

In the last 20 years, hypertension has become more common among younger age groups. Based on a global meta-analysis, the combined prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension were 4.0% and 9.7%, respectively. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among university students and their associated risk factors. Four hundred and eleven students aged between 18 and 25 (196 males and 215 females) were randomly selected to participate from the College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS) and the College of Business Administration, Bahrain. The data was collected through a structured questionnaire, which gathered information about lifestyle habits. Trained students measured the participant's blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) according to standardized settings. All risk factors were studied according to the study field and their gender. The mean age of the participants was 16.4±0.9 years. Of the total participants, 61.3% (n= 252) were normotensive, 30.7% (n= 126) were pre-hypertensive, and 8% (n= 33) were hypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was higher in male students, 13.8% (n=27) and 44.9% (n= 88), compared to female students, 2.8% (n=6) and 17.7% (n=38), respectively. The results of the univariate analysis showed an association of hypertension with the field of study, gender, age, BMI, exercise frequency, frequency of eating junk food, and family history of hypertension (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found a significant association between hypertension and pre-hypertension with gender, the field of study, and BMI. The findings of the study revealed that hypertension and pre-hypertension are common among university students in Bahrain. The risk factors for these conditions include studying medicine, being male, and being obese.

Clinical features of early-onset type 2 diabetes and its association with triglyceride glucose-body mass index: a cross-sectional study.

The incidence of early-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased significantly, with insulin resistance (IR) and obesity being the main drivers of its onset. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of early-onset T2D and its association with triglyceride glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI), an emerging surrogate of IR. A total of 1000 adults newly diagnosed with T2D were enrolled and divided into early-onset T2D (18~40 years, N=500) and late-onset T2D groups (≥40 years, N=500). Independent t and chi-squared tests were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups, and logistic regression analysis, trend tests, restricted cubic spline curves (RCSs), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the relationship between TyG-BMI and early-onset T2D. Patients with early-onset T2D were more likely to have a higher body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), serum uric acid (SUA), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), and TyG-BMI (P < 0.05). A higher TyG-BMI was associated with an increased risk of early-onset T2D (P < 0.001). The RCSs showed a nonlinear relationship between TyG-BMI and early-onset T2D, and the slope of the curve increased with an increase in TyG-BMI (P for nonlinearity < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, additive interactions between TyG-BMI and the risk of early-onset T2D were observed for sex, family history of diabetes, BMI, fatty liver, and hypertension (P < 0.001). ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of TyG-BMI was 0.6781, which was larger than its main components (TyG, BMI, FPG, TG). The best cutoff value was 254.865, the sensitivity was 74.6%, and the specificity was 53.6%. Patients with early-onset T2D are characterized by severe IR, metabolic disorders, and being overweight/obese and an increase in TyG-BMI is independently associated with an increased risk of early-onset T2D.

Development of risk models of incident hypertension using machine learning on the HUNT study data

In this study, we aimed to create an 11-year hypertension risk prediction model using data from the Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study in Norway, involving 17 852 individuals (20–85 years; 38% male; 24% incidence rate) with blood pressure (BP) below the hypertension threshold at baseline (1995–1997). We assessed 18 clinical, behavioral, and socioeconomic features, employing machine learning models such as eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Elastic regression, K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Random Forest. For comparison, we used logistic regression and a decision rule as reference models and validated six external models, with focus on the Framingham risk model. The top-performing models consistently included XGBoost, Elastic regression and SVM. These models efficiently identified hypertension risk, even among individuals with optimal baseline BP (< 120/80 mmHg), although improvement over reference models was modest. The recalibrated Framingham risk model outperformed the reference models, approaching the best-performing ML models. Important features included age, systolic and diastolic BP, body mass index, height, and family history of hypertension. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that linear effects sufficed for a well-performing model. The best models efficiently predicted hypertension risk, even among those with optimal or normal baseline BP, using few features. The recalibrated Framingham risk model proved effective in our cohort.

Factors associated with diabetes knowledge, attitudes and practices among people aged 18 and over in the commune of Niakhene in Senegal.

More than 422 million people worldwide have diabetes in 2016, and 1.6 million deaths are attributed to diabetes each year. Knowledge of preventive measures would enable the adjustment of preventive policies. Hence this study on knowledge and practices in rural Senegal. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey of subjects aged at least 18 and living in the commune of Niakhene, carried out in October 2020. A systematic random sample, stratified by sex and age group, was used. The questionnaire was based on the STEPS 2015 tool and a review of the literature. In addition to personal characteristics, the questionnaire was used to measure knowledge of symptoms, complications, risk factors, attitude to the disease and screening practices. Descriptive and analytical analyses were performed using R 4.0.2 software. A total of 300 subjects were surveyed. The average age was 35.3 years (+/-16.9), and 52.3% were women. Knowledge (62.7%) was associated with higher education (ORaj2.46{1.16-3.44}), awareness by healthcare staff (ORaj2.88{1.60-5.34}), and a family history of diabetes (ORaj3.09{1.06-11.3}). The positive attitude (53%) was associated with male sex (ORaj1.98{2.07-7.52}), awareness via audio-visual information sources (ORaj3.87{2.07-7.52}), community awareness (ORaj 3.87{2.07-7.52}), existence of a family history of hypertension and knowledge of diabetes (ORaj3.34{2.5-7.69}). Screening was carried out in 34.3% of patients. The associated risk factors were male sex (ORaj 1.95{1.12-3.34}), higher education (ORaj2.49{1.12-559}) and positive attitudes to diabetes (ORaj1.83{1.04-3.26}). One of the most effective interventions against this disease is the adoption of preventive measures which involve early detection and strengthening communication for more effective prevention.