Family Economic Burden Research Articles

Community-level expenses for under-5 diarrhoeal cases prior to reporting at Dhaka Hospital: A cross-sectional analysis in Bangladesh

BackgroundDiarrhoeal diseases are a major public health challenge, placing immense economic burden on households. We aimed to examine the trends in direct medical costs (DMC), direct non-medical costs (DNMC), and family economic burden (FEB) incurred in the community before seeking care at the Dhaka Hospital. MethodsDMC and DNMC were extracted from the database of the DDSS of Dhaka Hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) from 2012 to 2021. Costs in the community were calculated after adjusting for inflation and converting into international dollars (I$) for 2022. The Jonckheere-Terpstra test examined the trends, and quintile regression was used. ResultsThe sample size was 14178. The median (IQR) direct cost, DMC, DNMC and FEB were I$26.2(14.5–44.9), I$10.1(3.6–21.3), I$13.11(7.5–22.3) and 3.5 %(1.8–6.9 %) respectively. An overall increasing trend (2.9 % in 2012 to 4.3 % in 2021; p-value<0.001) and a recent declining trend (from 4.6 % in 2020) were seen in FEB. Age, distance from home, time taken to reach the hospital, living inside Dhaka, wealth index, and moderate-to-severe disease were associated with all costs. Adequate maternal media exposure (coef: 0.698; 95%CI: 1.167 to −0.229; p-value = 0.004) and secondary level education of the mother (coef: 0.316; 95 % CI:0.018 to 0.614; p-value = 0.038) were negatively associated, COVID-19 period was positively associated (coef:0.786; 95 % CI:0.591 to 0.981; p-value<0.001) with FEB. ConclusionFEB showed significant trend from 2012 to 2021. The result indicates the need for increased awareness and health education on using immediate oral rehydration therapy and seeking care directly from facilities when institutional care is needed.

Metagenomic analysis of rats with diarrhea treated with mixed probiotics: response to consecutive and alternate-hour supplementation.

Diarrhea is the leading contributory factor of sickness and mortality among children under five and an economic burden for families. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mixed probiotics supplementation at different times (consecutive and alternate-hour) on intestinal microecology in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with acute diarrhea. A total of 40 SD rats were randomly assigned to four groups, including the control group, model group, probiotic group A, and probiotic group B. An acute diarrhea model was induced by administration of 5% dextran sulfate sodium. Rats in probiotic group A and probiotic group B were fed with Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum), Bifidobacterium infantis (B. infantis), and Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) for a total of 7 days. Probiotic group A was fed with all probiotics simultaneously. Probiotic group B was fed with C. butyricum and B. infantis simultaneously, and then after a 2-hour interval, with S. boulardii. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing was used to analyze the fecal samples from every rat. The metagenomic sequencing used in this experiment was used to evaluate the effect of probiotics on the composition as well as function of the gut microbiota in order to gain a deeper comprehension of probiotic-host interactions on health and disease. The structure of the gut microbiota in probiotic group A showed significant changes. Compared to the model group, the abundance of some beneficial bacteria had increased, including Actinobacteria (P=0.048), Lactobacillus (P=0.050), and Lactobacillus johnsonii (P=0.042), and many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria has decreased, such as Ruminococcus (P=0.001). Compared to the control group, the abundance of some beneficial bacteria had increased, including Fusobacteria (P=0.02) and Phascolarium (P=0.002), and there was a reduction in the abundance of many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria such as Roseburia (P=0.03), Lachnoclosterium (P=0.009), and Oscillibacter_sp_1-3 (P=0.002). In addition, metagenomic analysis showed that as well as an up-regulation of glycoside hydrolase expression, amino acid and inorganic ion transport, and metabolism-related pathways, there was a down-regulation of cell motility. Simultaneous administration of probiotics may have more positive implications in improving the gut microbiota of acute diarrhea rats.

Measuring the Prevalence, Treatment, and Associated Treatment Costs of Injury for Older Adults in India: Insights from the National Longitudinal Aging Study

This cross-sectional analysis of secondary data aimed to examine the injury prevalence, treatment, and associated healthcare expenditure among older adults in India. Longitudinal Aging Study India Wave 1 data for those aged 60+ years comprising sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported major injury, injury mechanism, falls and joint/bone fractures, treatment sought, and out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) were analyzed. Descriptive, relative risk, bivariate, and two-part regression model analyses were conducted. Fifteen percent of the 31,464 older adults surveyed had experienced a major injury, 13% a fall and 5% a bone/joint fracture. The risk of injury increased with age and income and was higher for urban residents and females. Seventy-eight percent of those who experienced injury sought medical treatment, 56% needing treatment for a serious fall and 3% undergoing surgery. Higher proportions of females than males required medical treatment for falls and injury-related surgery, yet on average, females were spending less than males for public or private hospital treatment. Injury-related OOPE increased with age and decreased with lower education. Scaling up injury prevention efforts specifically focused on older adults will be vital given the projected growth in the older adult population in India in coming years. Such efforts will prevent unnecessary health impacts and reduce health system utilization and associated individual and family economic burden.

Aging, low fertility and household debt risk

Population aging is a typical feature of the change of population age structure in many developed countries at present, and the resulting family economic burden is an important factor causing debt risk. This paper uses the sample data of 33 economies of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) from 1992 to 2021 to study the impact of population age structure on household debt risk and its mechanism. The study found that: First, The rising proportion of the elderly population and the elderly dependency ratio have significantly increased the household debt levels, Population aging can increase the risk of household debt by affecting the pension level, total factor productivity and worker share; second, After the economy has suffered from economic fluctuations, The impact of population aging on household debt risk has changed from nonsignificant to positively significant, Show that the economic crisis has reduced household income levels, It weakens the family's solvency; third, With the relatively sound social security system in developed economies, Higher levels of national income, As a result, the aging population has a weak effect on household debt risk. Fourth, human capital investment can alleviate the negative impact of population aging to a certain extent. The reason is that the improvement of education level will improve the living conditions of families and enhance residents' awareness of independent old-age security. The conclusions of this paper have important policy implications for deeply exploring the social consequences of aging economy and reasonably YESling the spillover of household debt risk.

Affiliate stigma and its association with family burden among family members of people living with schizophrenia in China

PurposeUnderstanding affiliate stigma and its impact on family of people living with schizophrenia (PLS) in China is important for culturally informed intervention. This study aims to describe the pattern of affiliate stigma of family members of PLS in China and investigated the association between affiliate stigma and family burden. MethodsPLS and their family members dwelling in community were randomly recruited from four cities across China and completed measures of affiliate stigma and family burden. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the association between affiliate stigma and family burden. ResultsA total of 493 dyads of family member and PLS were include in this study. The mean affiliate stigma in family members was 2.21 (SD = 0.61). The vast majority of family members reported the feeling of inferiority, helpless and sad because of their family members' schizophrenia, but few family members refusing to communicate or contact with the PLS. The mean score of overall family burden was 22.25 (SD = 14.90), with 98 % of participants reported moderate or severe burden. A higher level of affiliate stigma was associated with more family burden (b = 7.837, 95CI: 5.240 to 8.747). Affiliate stigma was significantly associated with family daily activities, entertainment activities, family relationship, physical health and mental health of family members, but not family economic burden. ConclusionA higher level of affiliate stigma was associated with more family burden among family with PLS. Anti-stigma intervention of mental illness should be consider not only PLS but also their family members.

Work-family conflict categories and support strategies for married female nurses: a latent profile analysis.

To clarify subgroups of married female nurses experiencing work-family conflict (WFC), explore the factors associated with the subgroups, and determine how desired support strategies differ among the subgroups. Data was collected from a sample of 646 married female nurses from public hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China, in December 2021. Latent profile analysis was used to group the participants, and multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with higher WFC. The STROBE criteria were used to report results. According to latent profile analysis, there were three distinct profiles of WFC among married female nurses: "low-conflict type," "work-dominant-conflict type," and "high-conflict type." These profiles differed in the number of children, night shifts, family economic burden, childcare during working hours, family harmony, colleague support, and nurse-patient relationships. Nurses with multiple children, higher pressures in childcare during working hours, heavier family economic burdens, lower family harmony, lower colleague support, and poorer nurse-patient relationships are more likely to be classified as "high-conflict type" nurses. This study found that married female nurses experience different types of WFCs. The structure of these WFCs and their associated factors suggests that customized intervention strategies can be developed to address the specific needs of married female nurses.

Sosialisasi Pencegahan Pernikahan Dini

The service program activities were carried out at UPTD SMPN 15 Sinjai, Sinjai Tengah sub-district, Samaenre sub-district by holding an early marriage seminar. Early marriage is a marriage carried out by children under 19 years of age for women and under 21 years of age for men. As is the case in Samaenre Village, Central Sinjai District, Sinjai Regency, early marriages always occur, resulting in the Village Government having to minimize the number of early marriages. Internal factors come from within, namely the wishes of the individual himself, while external factors are parents' economic factors, educational factors. , and parental factors or the wishes of the parents. Many teenagers are trapped in young marriages, especially those from underprivileged families, so they choose to marry at a young age to reduce the family's economic burden. There are many possible risks to early marriage, both physical and psychological risks. Therefore, to prevent early marriage, the author took the initiative to hold early marriage seminars.

Kontribusi Petani Perempuan Dalam Proses Pertanian Padi di Desa Marampiau Kabupaten Tapin

Women in Marampiau Village play a role and contribute to the family's socio-economy by farming rice. This research aims to analyse the contribution of women farmers in the process of rice farming. The theories used in this research are women and development proposed by Mosse, as well as gender theory and women's marginalisation. This research uses a qualitative approach, with the type of field research. The research was conducted in Marampiau Village, Candi Laras Selatan District, Tapin Regency. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques through the stages of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results show that women farmers in Marampiau Village generally do not experience discrimination. When they work in the fields, the portion they do will be the same as men, from the beginning of land clearing, seed sowing, rice planting to harvesting. Likewise, the wages received, both men and women receive the same amount of wages, namely 60 thousand to 65 thousand per day. Working in agriculture is an occupational choice that many women in Marampiau Village make. Apart from the favourable environmental conditions, the factor of their husbands working as farmers also encourages them to work to help their husbands. In this study, it can be concluded that in the Marampiau Village community there is no discrimination against women farmers, but a division of labour between women and men. Indeed, this research is expected to be able to deliver new knowledge that marginalisation does not always occur in a society. In farming families in Marampiau Village, what happens is the process of division of labour carried out to ease the family's economic burden.

The effect of virtual reality technology in exercise and lung function of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious chronic disease worldwide, with significant negative impacts on the quality of life, family economic burden, and social healthcare burden of patients. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of virtual reality technology on exercise function and lung function in COPD patients. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was utilized. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Weipu Database (VIP), and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) were systematically searched. We included randomized controlled trials published from the establishment of the database to August 10, 2022, on virtual reality technology in COPD patients. Literature retrieval and screening was carried out independently by two reviewers to obtain literature that met our inclusion and exclusion criteria and to extract relevant data. Two reviewers assessed the risk of bias in the included literature. A meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.4 Software. A total of 10 randomized controlled trials with 539 participants were included. The results showed that virtual reality technology significantly improved the lung function of COPD patients, such as forced expiratory volume (FEV1; MD = 7.29, 95% CI [4.34, 10.24], p < .01) and forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC; MD = 6.71, 95% CI [4.72, 8.71], p < .01). The combined intervention with different virtual reality technology had different effects on motor function. Compared with endurance training (ET) alone, virtual reality technology combined with ET had no significant effect on the 6-minute walk test (6WMT) in COPD patients (p > .05). Compared with pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) alone, virtual reality technology combined with PR was more effective in increasing 6WMT in COPD patients (MD = 30.80, 95% CI [10.85, 50.74], p < .01). Virtual reality technology can help to improve lung function in COPD patients, and virtual reality combined with PR can improve exercise tolerance in COPD patients. However, due to the limited number of included studies, large-sample, multicenter, high-quality randomized controlled trial studies are needed to provide clear evidence.

Social and economic impacts of increasing early marriages during the Covid-19 pandemic: A study in Mandailing Natal and South Tapanuli districts

IntroductionSince the Covid-19 outbreak, underage marriages have become increasingly widespread with all its impact to the society. There are very limited studies on its impact from social and economic aspect, especially among Muslim society in Indonesia.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to analyse the social and economic impacts of increasing underage marriage during the Covid-19 pandemic. By doing so, the study also aims to provide solution to solve the impacts for the affected communities.MethodThis study uses a qualitative method with a sociological approach that focuses on experiences and socio-cultural phenomena that occur in the midst of society.ResultsThere are several social impacts that occur as a result of early marriage, conflict in the family, regret and heavy pressure, loss of opportunity to continue education, not being able to socialize, domestic violence, divorce. The economic impacts that occur due to early marriage, among others, are limited opportunities to get work opportunities, unable to bear the family's economic burden, structural poverty.ImplicationsEfforts were made to reduce the number of early marriages, among others, holding meetings several times a month, formally coordinating community leaders, village officials, and KUA, through outreach programs to Majlis Taklim, marriage advice, through marriage sermons, coordinating with sub-districts, youth activities related to early marriage.Originality/NoveltyThe findings of this study contribute to efforts to overcome social and economic problems among Muslim society impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic.

Exploration of key drug target proteins highlighting their related regulatory molecules, functional pathways and drug candidates associated with delirium: evidence from meta-data analyses

BackgroundDelirium is a prevalent neuropsychiatric medical phenomenon that causes serious emergency outcomes, including mortality and morbidity. It also increases the suffering and the economic burden for families and carers. Unfortunately, the pathophysiology of delirium is still unknown, which is a major obstacle to therapeutic development. The modern network-based system biology and multi-omics analysis approach has been widely used to recover the key drug target biomolecules and signaling pathways associated with disease pathophysiology. This study aimed to identify the major drug target hub-proteins associated with delirium, their regulatory molecules with functional pathways, and repurposable drug candidates for delirium treatment.MethodsWe used a comprehensive proteomic seed dataset derived from a systematic literature review and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). An integrated multi-omics network-based bioinformatics approach was utilized in this study. The STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The gene set enrichment and signaling pathways analysis, the regulatory transcription factors and microRNAs were conducted using delirium-associated genes. Finally, hub-proteins associated repurposable drugs were retrieved from CMap database.ResultsWe have distinguished 11 drug targeted hub-proteins (MAPK1, MAPK3, TP53, JUN, STAT3, SRC, RELA, AKT1, MAPK14, HSP90AA1 and DLG4), 5 transcription factors (FOXC1, GATA2, YY1, TFAP2A and SREBF1) and 6 microRNA (miR-375, miR-17-5, miR-17-5p, miR-106a-5p, miR-125b-5p, and miR-125a-5p) associated with delirium. The functional enrichment and pathway analysis revealed the cytokines, inflammation, postoperative pain, oxidative stress-associated pathways, developmental biology, shigellosis and cellular senescence which are closely connected with delirium development and the hallmarks of aging. The hub-proteins associated computationally identified repurposable drugs were retrieved from database. The predicted drug molecules including aspirin, irbesartan, ephedrine-(racemic), nedocromil, and guanidine were characterized as anti-inflammatory, stimulating the central nervous system, neuroprotective medication based on the existing literatures. The drug molecules may play an important role for therapeutic development against delirium if they are investigated more extensively through clinical trials and various wet lab experiments.ConclusionThis study could possibly help future research on investigating the delirium-associated therapeutic target biomarker hub-proteins and repurposed drug compounds. These results will also aid understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of delirium onset and molecular function.

A social robot connected with chatGPT to improve cognitive functioning in ASD subjects.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) represent a significant healthcare and economic burden for families and society. Technology, including AI and digital technologies, offers potential solutions for the assessment, monitoring, and treatment of NDDs. However, further research is needed to determine the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of these technologies in NDDs, and to address the challenges associated with their implementation. In this work, we present the application of social robotics using a Pepper robot connected to the OpenAI system (Chat-GPT) for real-time dialogue initiation with the robot. After describing the general architecture of the system, we present two possible simulated interaction scenarios of a subject with Autism Spectrum Disorder in two different situations. Limitations and future implementations are also provided to provide an overview of the potential developments of interconnected systems that could greatly contribute to technological advancements for Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD).

The Comparison Between Autism and ADHD: Diagnosis and Clinical Treatment

Autism refers to a developmental disorder that affects social contact; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is manifested as the disability of attention with hyperactivity, which interferes with function or brain development. Currently, the prevalence of both diseases showed an upward trend. Therefore, the importance of finding the correct diagnosis and improving effective treatment is becoming more and more urgent. For children suspected of autism and ADHD, choosing the correct diagnosis method can not only help clarify the symptoms and formulate effective treatment plans, but also reduce the pain and family economic burden caused by the children's own symptoms, and avoid the risk of misdiagnosis. At the same time, autism and ADHD should receive the timely and effective intervention. The paper here aims at introducing and comparing the diagnostic methods and treatment methods for the two diseases according to their commonalities and differences.

A framework for measuring the cost to families of caring for children’s health: the design, methodology, and study population of the r-Kids study

BackgroundAll families experience financial and time costs related to caring for their children’s health. Understanding the economic burden faced by families of children with chronic health conditions (CHC) is crucial for designing effective policies to support families.MethodsIn this prospective study we used electronic health records to identify children between 3 and 17 years old with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), asthma, or neither (control) from three Kaiser Permanente regions and several community health centers in the OCHIN network. We oversampled children from racial and ethnic minority groups. Parent/guardian respondents completed surveys three times, approximately four months apart. The surveys included the Family Economic Impact Inventory (measuring financial, time, and employment costs of caring for a child’s health), and standardized measures of children’s quality of life, behavioral problems, and symptom severity for children with ASD or asthma. We also assessed parenting stress and parent physical and mental health. All materials were provided in English and Spanish.ResultsOf the 1,461 families that enrolled (564 ASD, 468 asthma, 429 control), children were predominantly male (79%), with a mean age of 9.0 years, and racially and ethnically diverse (43% non-Hispanic white; 22% Hispanic; 35% Asian, Black, Native Hawaiian, or another race/ethnicity). The majority of survey respondents were female (86%), had a college degree (62%), and were married/partnered (79%). ASD group respondents were less likely to be employed (73%) than those in the asthma or control groups (both 80%; p = .023). Only 32% of the control group reported a household income ≤ $4,000/month compared with 41% of asthma and 38% of ASD families (p = .006).ConclusionsUtilizing a novel measure assessing family economic burden, we successfully collected survey responses from a large and diverse sample of families. Drawing upon the conceptual framework, survey measures, and self-report data described herein we will conduct future analyses to examine the economic burdens related to CHC and the incremental differences in these burdens between health groups. This information will help policy makers to design more equitable health and social policies that could reduce the burden on families.

Management of Pediatric Stroke - Challenges and Perspectives from Resource-limited Settings

Childhood stroke is not as common as adult stroke, but it is underrecognized the world over. Diagnosis is often delayed due to lack of awareness not only by the lay public but also by emergency and front-line health care workers. Despite the relative rarity of childhood stroke, the impact on morbidity, mortality and the economic burden for families and society is high, especially in poorly resourced settings. The risk factors for stroke in children differ from the adult population where lifestyle factors play a more important role. The developmental aspects of the pediatric cerebral vasculature and hematological maturational biology affects the clinical presentation, investigation, management and outcomes of childhood stroke in a different way compared to adults. The management of childhood stroke is currently based on expert guidelines and evidence extrapolated from adult studies. Hyperacute therapies that have revolutionized the treatment of stroke in adults cannot be easily applied to children at this stage due to the diagnostic delays, diverse risk factors and developmental considerations mentioned above. Much has been achieved in the understanding of genetic, acquired, preventable and recurrent stroke risk factors in the past decade through international collaborative efforts like the International Pediatric Stroke Study. Evidence for the prevention and treatment of childhood stroke remains elusive. Even more elusive are relevant and achievable management guidelines for pediatric stroke in resource-limited settings. This narrative review focusses on the current management practices globally, emphasizing the challenges, and gaps in knowledge of pediatric stroke in low- and middle-income countries and other areas with limited resources. Priorities and some potential solutions at national and local level are suggested for these settings.

EFEKTIVITAS ROM AKTIF-ASISTIF: SPHERICAL DAN CYLINDRICAL GRIP TERHADAP KEKUATAN OTOT PASIEN STROKE

Abstract&#x0D; Stroke is a major health problem in both developed and developing countries. Stroke results in suffering to the sufferer, the social and economic burden for families and sufferers, communities, and the state. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of active-asistive range of motion (ROM): spherical grip and cylindrical grip on increasing muscle strength of upper limb in stroke patients. In this study quantitative with analytic approach. The research design used is pre experiment one group pre- test and post-test design. Research result 16 respondents before spherical grip therapy was found that the highest frequency of upper limb muscle strength 5 people (31,3%) with score 1 and 2 was on palpation contraction intervention, but no movement was seen, there was movement but could not fight . While after spherical grip therapy found that the highest frequency of upper extremity muscle strength 6 people (37,5%) with score 2 that is at intervention there is movement, but can not fight. Of the 16 respondents prior to cylindrical grip therapy it was found that the highest frequency of upper extremity muscle strength was 6 people (37.5%) with score 1 in the intervention of palpation contraction, but no visible movement. Meanwhile, after cylindrical grip therapy, it was found that the highest frequency of upper limb muscle strength 7 people (43,8%) with score 2 was intervention movement but not resistance. Range of Motion (ROM) Active-Assistive: Spherical Grip and Cylindrical Grip Effective to increase muscle strength of upper limb in stroke patient at Dr. Hospital. M. Yunus of Bengkulu Province. To be used as a reference and information for health workers, especially Dr. Hospital. M. Yunus Bengkulu Province so much better in dealing with patients with stroke patients.&#x0D;

Manajemen Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) dan Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP) Dalam Meningkatkan Layanan Pendidikan Dasar

The purpose of this study was to describe the participation and knowledge of the people of Waringin Kurung Serang District about the Hopeful Family Program and the Smart Indonesia Program, to describe the contribution of the Management of the Hopeful Family Program Management of the smart Indonesian program in improving basic education services in the Waringin Kurung Serang District and to know the positive and negative impacts. generated by the two programs. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with data collection methods; interviews, observations and documentation. Meanwhile, the data analysis was carried out using a gap analysis model (servQual analysis), covering the stages of design, installation, process, product, management and cost as well as inhibiting and supporting factors. The results of this study indicate that the participation of the Waringin Kurung community in participating in this program has existed since these two programs were launched, namely in 2014. Meanwhile, the knowledge of beneficiary families about PKH and PIP is sufficient in terms of substance and benefits. The contribution that the Hope Family Management can make in improving students' basic education services, especially for beneficiary families, is to reduce the family's economic burden, reduce the number of children dropping out of school, raise students' learning motivation, improve student achievement and psychologically this assistance is able to increase student confidence. The positive impacts include reducing the family's economic burden, increasing children's motivation and achievement. While the negative impacts that arise are; the emergence of social jealousy between those who receive and those who do not, the program assistance is mistargeted in its use, the emergence of dependence on assistance.

Investigation on Quality of Life and Economic Burden of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Changzhou.

Based on the data of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Changzhou obtained by the Disabled Persons' Federation, this study sampled some children with CP and investigated their survival status, treatment cost, and family burden so as to provide scientific decision-making basis and policy suggestions for coping with disease hazards and improving children's quality of life. In this study, a simple random sampling method was used to conduct household surveys of the selected children with CP. The economic burden of CP is measured by direct and indirect methods, and the quality of life of patients of children with CP and their families is analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the EuroQol Five Dimensions (EQ-5D) Questionnaire. The average family economic burden of each case of CP in Changzhou was about 4,188,500 yuan, of which the direct medical burden was 205,800 yuan and the indirect economic burden was 3,982,700 yuan. The socioeconomic burden of CP in Changzhou is as high as about 2.244 billion yuan. From the EQ-5D measurement results of 55 children with CP, the average index score was 0.423, which was lower than the national general population level. The proportions of patients with CP who have problems in the five aspects of action, self-care, daily activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression are 72.73%, 81.82%, 81.82%, 83.64%, and 92.73%, respectively, which are significantly higher than those of the national general population. The average score of the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is 58.09, which is significantly lower than the national general population level. The only major factor affecting the quality of life of patients with CP and their families is the health status represented by the EQ-5D score. To liberate and develop the labor ability of patients and their direct caregivers through clinical treatment, rehabilitation, and special education is the most effective way to reduce the socioeconomic burden of CP. Relevant government departments should perform their duties, integrate social assistance resources, implement early intervention, and launch targeted support and assistance policy.

The correlationship between serum CRP, NSE, CCL2 and cognitive impairment after acute ischemic stroke

Early detection of cognitive dysfunction after stroke, and early intervention to reduce the patient and family great mental and economic burden is particularly important. Aims: To explore that Neuron Specific Enolase(NSE), C-Reactive Protein(CRP) and Chemokine CC motif 2(CCL2) can become the screening and early warning organism of cognitive dysfunction after acute ischemic stroke, which is convenient, quick and does not significantly increase the cost of diagnosis and treatment the possibility of scientific indicators.

Factor analysis of the relationship between PANSS score and family burden of patients with schizophrenia.

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the burden of family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, and its influencing factorsMethodsA total of 105 patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers were investigated using the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) and family burden scale of disease (FBS)ResultsThere was a strong correlation between the patient's recovery and family burden, especially between positive and negative symptoms and family financial burden, family daily activities, family recreational activities, and family relationshipConclusionThere is a strong correlation between the patient's recovery and family burden, and this is especially correlated to family economic burden, family daily activities, family recreational activities, and family relationship. Medical staff should pay attention to the psychological characteristics of patients and fully understand and avoid the adverse effects of family burden on the rehabilitation of patients.