Families Of Hemiptera Research Articles

Diversity and Distribution of Hemipteran Species Associated with Crop Ecosystems in Northwest Morocco

Agriculture plays a crucial role in Morocco, as it not only contributes significantly to the economy but also enhances food security. Within the realm of agriculture, the order Hemiptera encompasses a diverse range of species and behaviors, some of which are notorious for wreaking havoc on crops worldwide. By gaining a deeper understanding of the bugs associated with agroecosystems, we can effectively identify both pests and beneficial species, thereby improving agricultural production. The findings of our study hold immense importance in implementing effective control measures. This paper aims to present a comprehensive checklist of bugs associated with agroecosystems in the north-west region of Morocco. Our study was conducted between the spring and summer of 2019 and 2020, encompassing three different crop fields that represent the major plant formations of the area, namely cereal, broad bean, and alfalfa fields. To ensure a thorough examination, we employed two distinct sampling techniques: mowing net and sight hunting. A total of 6 families of Hemiptera were identified: Reduviidae, Lygaeidae, Pentatomidae, Cercopidae, Scutelleridae, and Alydidae. The information presented in this paper serves as a valuable resource for future studies on Hemiptera associated with agroecosystems in Morocco. By harnessing this data, we can delve into the realm of potential control strategies and craft effective measures to tackle the challenges presented by these insects. This deeper understanding of the bugs within agroecosystems will serve as a catalyst for the development of sustainable and highly productive agricultural practices in Morocco.

Aquatic Hemiptera inhabiting rice fields in Karaikal, Puducherry, India

The present investigation was taken up to record the diversity and abundance of aquatic hemipterans in an irrigated rice ecosystem during kharif 2019 and rabi 2019–2020. The aquatic hemipterans were collected using a D-frame dip net at weekly intervals. This study revealed 21 species under 13 genera and nine families of Hemiptera in irrigated rice fields during kharif 2019 and rabi 2019–2020. Micronecta scutellaris (Stål, 1858) and Anisops sardeus Herrich-Schäffer, 1850 were the dominant species in both seasons. Corixidae and Notonectidae were the most abundant families. Species diversity was maximum in kharif 2019, while species richness was maximum during rabi 2019–2020. Multiple linear regression indicated that all the physicochemical characteristics and weather parameters together were responsible for significant variation in the occurrence of Corixidae (53.60%) and Notonectidae (82.40%). Based on our research, we found that rice fields serve as suitable habitats and play a crucial role in supporting diverse range of aquatic hemipterans.

New Delphacidae Species (Hemiptera) for the Turkish Fauna

Delphacids, are easily distinguished from the other families of Hemiptera by post tibial spurs, are harmful to many agricultural and cultural plants with their piercing-sucking mouthparts. Some of the species have economical importance for agricultural crops. Fifty seven species were reported from Turkey according to the literature. This study was carried out in the Central Black Sea Region of Turkey. Four delphacid species, Kelisia guttula, K. confusa, K. sabulicola and Ribautodelphax imitans were new records for the Delphacidae fauna of Turkey. Figures of genitalia, data on examined specimens and general distribution of species have been given.

Intranest mutualisms between the forest fire ant Solenopsis virulens (Fr. Smith) (Hymenoptera; Formicidae) and two families of Hemiptera (Membracidae, Monophlebidae) in Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Hemipterans and ants are frequently recorded in trophobiotic associations, generally mutualism. Nests of the fire-ant Solenopsis virulens (Smith) found at the base of trees in the Atlantic Forest biome, Brazil, were investigated for their commensal fauna. The present study provides new information about the mutualism between the fire-ant with hemipterans Membracidae and Monophlebidae found in their nests, this report is the first mention of this kind of relationships in South America. Such associations are very common between ants and treehoppers but have seldom been reported with the family Monophlebidae.

Diversity of Hemipteran families at Agri-biodiversity park, Hyderabad, India

The diversity and abundance of Hemipteran families at Agri-biodiversity park of Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India was studied from September 2019 to January 2020. A total of 12,575 individuals under 22 families of Hemiptera were recorded by using five different collection methods viz. pitfall trap, yellow pan trap, manual collection, light trap and yellow sticky trap. Family Cicadellidae was found to be the most abundant family (RA=32.70%), followed by Aleyrodidae (RA=12.47%) and Delphacidae (RA=12.30%), while Eurybrachidae (RA=0.10%), Flatidae (RA=0.10%) and Scutelleridae (RA=0.11%) were the least abundant families. Among the five different collection methods, light trap recorded the maximum number of individuals (6010) followed by yellow sticky trap (3815) whereas, manual collection method (313) recorded the least number of individuals. The Shannon-Weiner diversity Index, Margalef’s species richness index and Pielou’s evenness index for the Hemipteran fauna of the study area were 2.252, 2.225 and 0.728 respectively.

Male terminalia of Cercopidae (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha): towards a consensus terminology

The study of male genital appendages is often necessary to identify a species and to characterise the higher systematics ranks for the Cercopidae, a large family of Hemiptera. Therefore, many authors have used them in their work but without any clear consensus on the terms used for each part constituting the male terminalia. A standardised terminology is important for the quality of a taxonomic description but even more essential when we want to compare species and establish a primary homology between states of character and their use in the frame of phylogenetic analysis. The use of a consensus terminology should ensure that we are all observing, speaking and describing the same genital appendage and comparing homologous characters. In order to propose a consensus terminology, we have reviewed all the major works on the anatomy of terminalia for the family since the first description using those characters in 1922. We proposed the use of consensual terms, listed with their definitions. In addition we studied a diversified panel of male specimens, chosen in order to represent as many Cercopidae tribes as possible. We categorised five different groups of Cercopidae according to their male terminalia structures. This opens the reflection on the evolutionary patterns for these structures.

Қазақстанның жартылай қаттықанаттыларының (Heteroptera: Coreidae, Stenocephalidae, Rhopalidae, Alydidae) қоректік байланыстары

The article presents the results of the author’s long-term research on Kazakhstan. Hemiptera - one of the largest order of insects. They live in various biotopes and play an important role in biological processes in the biogeocenosis. These data on the nutritional relationships of Hemiptera are based on field observations conducted in various regions of Kazakhstan. The diet of hemipterans is very diverse. The trophic relations distinguish zoophagy, parasites, phytophagous arthropods and soovitage (polyphage, wider oligophage, narrow oligophage, monophage). Herbivorous species multiply massively, causing damage to forestry and agriculture. And predatory species have a beneficial effect, regulating the number of harmful species in forestry and agriculture. As a result of the study of the nutritional relationships of the Hemiptera of Kazakhstan (Heteroptera), data on 83 species belonging to 4 families are presented. 33 species from the family Coreidae (40%), 6 species from the family Stenocephalidae (7%), 37 species from the family Rhopalidae (45%), 7 species from the family Alydidae (8%) were identified. Of the 4 families of Hemiptera of Kazakhstan to politician include 24 species (29%), to a wide oligothiophen - 40 species (48%), to a narrow oligothiophen - 18 species (22%), and monolithium - only 1 (1%) species (Agrophopus lethierryi).

Report on Hemipteran Pest Diversity on Apple Plantations (<I>Malus domestica</I> Borkh.) in Jammu and Kashmir State of India

Twelve species belonging to different families of Hemiptera viz. Aphididae (Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann, Aphis pomi De Geer), Reduvidae (Reduvius delicatula Distant), Dictyopharidae (Putala rostrata Melichar), Diaspididae (Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock), Pentatomidae (Nezara viridula (Linnaeus), Halyomorpha halys Stal, Halys dentatus Fabricius, Scutelleridae (Chrysocoris purpureus Westwood), Fulgoridae (Borysthers sp.), Jassidae (Empoasca sp.) and Membracidae (Oxyrachis rufescens Walker) have been reported infesting apple plantations from different apple growing districts viz. Bhaderwah, Batote, Kishtwar, Udhampur, Poonch and Rajouri districts of Jammu province of Jammu Province. Their distribution, host plants, diagnostic features and damage caused by these pests to apple plantations are also discussed in the present paper.

Relationship between intraspecific variations and host insects of Ophiocordyceps nutans collected in Japan

To investigate the host specificity of Ophiocordyceps nutans against hemipteran insects in the wild, we determined the relationship between host species and rDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) variation in O. nutans. The analyzed fungal specimens infected 16 host species belonging to four families of Hemiptera. The molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that O. nutans can be classified into two types corresponding to their host families. The genetic distance values between the two types were very remote (>0.084), and the strains of O. nutans that parasitized Halyomorpha halys and Plautia crossota stali, well-known insect pests, formed a subclade. The results suggest that O. nutans should have host specificity which can be valuable for developing biological control agents against specific hemipteran insects.

Relationship between intraspecific variations and host insects of <i>Ophiocordyceps nutans</i> collected in Japan

To investigate the host specificity of Ophiocordyceps nutans against hemipteran insects in the wild, we determined the relationship between host species and rDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) variation in O. nutans. The analyzed fungal specimens infected 16 host species belonging to four families of Hemiptera. The molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that O. nutans can be classified into two types corresponding to their host families. The genetic distance values between the two types were very remote (>0.084), and the strains of O. nutans that parasitized Halyomorpha halys and Plautia crossota stali, well-known insect pests, formed a subclade. The results suggest that O. nutans should have host specificity which can be valuable for developing biological control agents against specific hemipteran insects.

Egg morphology and hatching in Mormidea pictiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

Egg morphology and hatching in the stink bug Mormidea pictiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are described with the aid of scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the eggshell is analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and the distribution of follicle cells at the surface of ovarian eggs is studied by epifluorescence microscopy using a DNA-specific fluorescent dye. The surface of the barrel-shaped eggs carries numerous slender processes. Binucleate follicle cells, in most cases arranged in a hexagonal pattern, are responsible for the synthesis of this portion of the eggshell. The rim at the anterior pole of the egg is studded at irregular intervals with short columnar processes, the aero-micropylar processes. Hatching occurs at this pole. The prolarva is wrapped in an embryonic cuticle. Its head portion carries a Y-shaped element, the egg-burster. The major features of the inner face of the eggshell are subtle, radially oriented grooves at the anterior plate and a hexagonal pattern to the surface ornamentation throughout the remainder of the eggshell. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the processes extending from the surface of the eggshell have a coarse texture, while the eggshell proper is composed of amorphous material. The innermost layer, however, has a trabecular organization. The findings in M. pictiventris are compared with morphological observations on the eggshell in other families of Hemiptera and suggestions are made concerning the meaning of the diverse structures.

Cathepsin D-like activity in the posterior midgut of hemipteran insects

1. 1. A cathepsin D-like proteinase has been identified in the posterior midgut of species from 6 families of Hemiptera. 2. 2. Identification was based on maximal haemoglobin hydrolysis at either pH 2.5 or pH 3.0, pepstatin inhibition and decreased hydrolysis of albumin compared to haemoglobin. 3. 3. The occurrence of catheptic digestive proteinases in Hemipteran insects is discussed in relation to the evolution of this insect order.

Studies on the Insect-fauna at the Milk Powder Factory in Hokkaido

During from June to October, 1974, the author set “Fry-ribbon” at the Yukijirushi Yakumo Factory and collected insects there.These insects belonged to 1 family of Collembola, 1 family of Ephemeroptera, 3 families of Plecoptera, 1 family of Psocoptera, 2 families of Hemiptera, 4 families of Coleoptera, 24 families of Diptera and 7 families of Hymenoptera.Identification to species was made only 14 of them, because the collection method was not suitable for this purpose.

NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS WITH INSECT HORMONE ACTIVITY. 5. SPECIFIC JUVENILE HORMONE EFFECTS IN ALIPHATIC SESQUITERPENES.

The juvenile hormone activity of ethyl or methyl esters of aliphatic sesquiterpenic acids with 0 to 4 double bonds was tested on 8 species of insects belonging to 5 families of Hemiptera and Coleoptera. Special attention was paid to the addition of hydrogen chloride or epoxide groups on or across the double bonds. Certain chemical changes in the molecule appear to cause a general increase of the activity in all species studied. These are: the presence of 2,3 unsaturation conjugated with the carboxyl group; the trans stereochemical position of the C-3 methyl; an introduction of 10,11 epoxide or hydrochloride; and esterification with ethyl rather than with methyl. There are also chemical changes which lead to genus- or family-specific variations in juvenile hormone activity. With increasing amount of unsaturation the activity either remains almost unaffected (pyrrhocorid bugs) or increases (pentatomid bugs) or decreases considerably (tenebrionid and dermestid beetles). The addition of hydrogen chloride or epoxide to the 6,7 double bond causes enormous increase in the activity in the Pyrrhocoridae and Lygaeidae, no considerable change in the Pentatomidae, and great decreases in the beetles and Lepidoptera.

A comparative study of the embryological development of the median cord in hemiptera.

AbstractMedian cord development is uniform in six families of Hemiptera and five non‐hemipterans. The median cord arises independently from the lateral cords and is histologically distinguishable from the latter throughout development. Intrasegmentally, median cord nuclei possess prominent nucleoli and many small chromatin granules surrounded by clear nuclear sap. This region forms what appear to be glial elements at the midline of the neuropile. Intersegmentally, a spherical clump of eight to twelve large nuclei develops surrounded by dark‐staining granular cytoplasm. Each intersegmental clump migrates anteriorly into the preceding ganglionic region but degenerates soon after katatrepsis.

THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE IPSVICIIDAE (UPPER TRIASSIC HEMIPTERA) AND SOME NEW UPPER PERMIAN AND MIDDLE TRIASSIC HEMIPTERA FROM AUSTRALIA (INSECTA)

AbstractThe Ipsviciidae are a family of Hemiptera, which, up to the present, have been recorded only from Upper Triassic strata in Queensland. The venation of their tegmina is anomalous and has proved difficult to interpret. Consequently, their relationships with other groups of Hemiptera have been uncertain. In a recent publication, China has suggested that the Ipsviciidae are related to an extant family of primitive Homoptera, the Peloridiidae (China 1962). This suggestion is examined, but not accepted. Instead, evidence is given to show that, more probably, the Ipsviciidae belonged to the superfamily Cercopoidea. The affinities of the family Stenoviciidae are discussed and some new Hemiptera of unusual interest described from Australian Upper Permian and Middle Triassic strata.

Audiospectrographic Analysis of Sounds of Hemiptera and Homoptera1

Audiospectrographs of sounds of 11 species of Hemiptera from the families Cydnidae, Pentatomidae, Reduviidae, Phymatidae, and Corixidae, and 13 species of Homoptera from the families Cercopidae, Cicadellidae, Membracidae, and Fulgoridae are presented and discussed. These sounds can be grouped as common sounds, courtship sounds, or disturbance sounds, depending on the circumstances under which they are produced. Hemiptera produce noises by moving a movable scraper over a stationary file, while Homoptera produce noises by vibrating tergal abdominal timbals. Phymatids and reduviids appear to use fewer teeth per stridulation than the total number present on the file. Also, three different patterns of head movement associated with sound production are found among the five subfamilies of Reduviidae recorded. In general, sounds produced by Hemiptera are much more uniform than the irregular series of ticks and trills produced by Homoptera. No positive evidence of function for any of these sounds has yet been presented, although many authors have linked sound production and courtship in several families of Hemiptera and Homoptera. Because they are such soft sounds, it is not likely that they function as the primary mechanism of species congregation as is the case in loud-singing insects, but rather that they function at a secondary level after congregation has occured in response to other stimuli. These soft noises probably arose in conjunction with moving visual cues in the courtship behavior of Hemiptera and Homoptera, and became functional in disturbance situations only after they became relatively intense. Species which occur in the same sound environment produce sounds which differ primarily in number of tooth-strikes or timbal-vibrations per pulse, in timbalvibration rate, in number of pulses per phrase, and in pulse rate. Special equipment has been constructed to reduce background noise and to amplify the soft sounds produced by these animals while observing them at the same time. Changes made in the tape recorder circuits and a transistor amplifier designed especially for recording soft sounds between 0.3 and 12 kcps. are described. The next logical step to be taken in the analysis of these sounds is to establish a predictable response to some naturally produced sounds, and then to proceed to analyze experimentally its function and its means of transmission and reception.

Respiration of Corixidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera)

PTERYGOTE insects originally evolved as terrestrial animals, but various families of Hemiptera have since colonized aquatic habitats. Corixids live on the bottom, feeding mainly on algae and detritus. Air carried on the hydrophobe body surface functions as a ‘physical gill’1–4. The thoracic tracheal system is well developed. The ventrally situated anterior thoracic spiracles occur between the pro- and ptero-thorax. The dorsally placed posterior thoracic spiracles occur laterally to the wing bases. The anterior abdominal spiracles occur dorsally, just posterior to the thorax. On each side these spiracles are joined by a wide, lateral, longitudinal tracheal trunk, which supplies tracheae to the flight and leg muscles. The tracheae from each of the ventrally placed abdominal spiracles supply gonads and gut, but, except for the dorsally placed vestigial longitudinal tracheal trunks, are unconnected with other tracheae of the same or adjacent segments. The passage of gas anteriorly through the thorax (a centre of high oxygen consumption) is largely independent of that through the abdomen where the consumption of oxygen is relatively low.