Fake Story Research Articles

DIGITAL HISTORICAL MEMORY AND CIVIC IDENTITY OF STUDENTS IN THE REGION

The article poses the problem of the need to study the influence of digitalization on the formation of the historical memory of young people. Based on data from an online questionnaire (multi-stage combined sample, n = 700), the main vectors of constructing digital historical memory and its influence on the formation of civic identity of college and university students are presented using the example of the Republic of Mordovia. The calculation of the “digital historical memory” index made it possible to determine the directions of digital memory influence on the young people self-identity and on the assessment of the main factors of civic identity. A statistically significant relationship was revealed between the choice of “new media” as a source of historical memory formation and such indicators as age, level of education received. The objectives of the study also included the study of memory nodes (selection of the most significant events from the history of the country), digital practices (activities related to historical Internet resources and portals). The article makes an attempt to sociologically comprehend the production of digital historical memory in modern conditions, which, on the one hand, is hyperconnective, i.e. accessible to a large number of users and hyper-meditated - formed on the basis of various and many sources, and on the other hand, there is a great risk of producing a fake story and its different versions, far from scientific character and objectivity, The authors make the assumption, based on the data obtained, that in the new geopolitical conditions the influence of the “digital memory” index on the formation of Russian identity among young people can be described as positive, although this issue requires further research.

Is Journalistic Truth Dead? Measuring How Informed Voters Are about Political News

To investigate general patterns in news information in the United States, we combine a protocol for identifying major political news stories, 11 monthly surveys with 15,000 participants, and a model of news discernment. When confronted with a true and a fake news story, 47 percent of subjects confidently choose the true story, 3 percent confidently choose the fake story, and the remaining half are uncertain. Socioeconomic differences are associated with large variations in the probability of selecting the true news story. Partisan congruence between an individual and a news story matters, but its impact is up to an order of magnitude smaller. (JEL D72, D83, L82)

The words that make fake stories go viral: A corpus-based approach to analyzing Russian Covid-19 disinformation

Since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, the spread of the new virus has been accompanied by the growing infodemic that became a dangerous prospect for Internet users. Social media and online messengers have been instrumental in making fake stories about Covid-19 viral. The lack of an efficient instrument for classifying digital texts as true or fake is still a big challenge. Deceptive content and its specific characteristics attract attention of many linguists, making it one of the most popular contemporary topics in corpus-based research. This paper explores the language of viral Covid-related fake stories and identifies specific linguistic features that distinguish fake stories from real (authentic) news using quantitative and qualitative approaches to text analysis. The study was conducted on the material of the self-compiled diachronic corpus containing Russian misleading coronavirus-related social media posts (a target corpus of 897 texts) which were virally shared by Russian users through social media platforms and mobile messengers from March 2020 to March 2022 and the reference corpus containing genuine materials about the virus. First, we compared two corpora using an interpretable set of features across language levels to find whether there is evidence of significant variation in the language of fake and real news. Then, we focused on frequency profiling to extract other over-represented groups of words from both corpora. Finally, we analyzed the corresponding contexts to indicate whether these features can be considered as linguistic trends in Russian Covid-related fake story making. Findings regarding the role of these over-represented groups of words in fake narratives about coronavirus revealed efficiency of frequency profiling in indicating lexical patterns of the language of deception.

الرواية التشكيلية في الروايات الامريكية والعراقية: دراسة لرواية عداء الطائرة الورقية لخالد حسيني ورواية بابا سارتر لعلي بدر

تتركز رواية عداء الطائرة الورقية (2003) للكاتب خالد حسيني على تطور شخصية الكاتب بعد ما قضى وقت من عمره في امريك. تدور احداث الرواية حول شخصية مضطربة لمراهق غيور يمر بتجارب تعمل على تغير شحصية بطل الرواية, امير بينما كان يعيش في افغانستان. توضح الرواية تطور الجانب الروحي للشخصية الرئيسية. تسرد الرواية احداث مثل البحث عن انقاذ النفس والرجوع الى الانسانية. تهدف الدراسة على تحليل وتقيم لرواية بابا سارتر (2001) للكاتب علي بدر الذي يتتبع قصة حياة فيلسوف وجودي عراقي يمثل المفكرين الزائفين اثناء فترة الستينات خلال فترة دراسته في فرنسا للحصول على شهادة الدكتوراه. يحاول سارتر مدينة الصدرية جاهداً تقليد كلام وطريقة تعامل وحصول على وجه مشابه لجون بول سارتر الفرنسي. بالتالي, تهدف الورقة البحثية على تحليل تطور وتشكل شخصية البطل في كلتا الروايتين. على مدار دراسة رواية عداء الطائرة الورقية, بالامكان القول انه البطل اكتسب نضوج نفسي وعاطفي من خلال قيم الولاء والمسؤولية ومعنى الماضي في حياته. سفر امير الى امريكا ساعده في التخلص من الاخطاء التي اقترفها اثناء فترة طفولته لاقرب واعز اصدقاء لدى امير. في ما يخص رواية بابا سارتر لعلي بدر, يصادف القارئين بشخصية سارتر مدينة الصدرية الذي يقع ضحية عالم الفسوق والشهوانية ويتنقل من حضن امراة الى اخرى. سارتر يعيش حياه غير مكترث بالاخرين. يبذر جميع مايملكه من مال على مسالة تافه. في الوقت ذاته يقدم نفسه على انه سارتر العرب, سارتر الشرق الاوسط. سارتر يكذب عادة وجميع اصدقاءه يدركون قصة حياته الزائفة.

The Hidden Dangers of Fake News in Post-Truth Politics

The problem of “fake news” is an important aspect of post-truth politics. Despite calls to abandon the term—based on fears that Trump has corrupted it through partisanship and claiming credit for its invention—there is truly such a thing as fake news, which is the creation and dissemination of news claims that are intentionally false. The obvious danger is that someone might take a fake story for real, causing us to believe a falsehood (such as that Trump’s inauguration crowd was bigger than Obama’s). But one hidden danger is that—in an environment in which fake news is prevalent—we might also begin to take real news for fake. This inability to tell the difference between fact and fiction—truth from falsehood—breeds cynicism and lack of trust in the media, which could pave the way for authoritarian rule.

A look into the picture-perfect fake life of Amalia Ulman’s Excellences and Perfections

In 2014, the Spanish artist Amalia Ulman gathered inspiration from the ways of aestheticizing everyday life chosen by Instagram users to develop an elaborate performative photographic series that lasted months and existed firstly only on her personal Instagram feed @amaliaulman. In April of that year, she suddenly started posting iPhone photographs about an apparently trendy life she was living in Los Angeles, California. She started reproducing the style of different Instagram personas while incorporating the usual aesthetic choices of the social media. The narrative constructed by each of the 175 pictures accounted for her life as an artsy girl who firstly moves to LA after apparently breaking up with a boyfriend, starting work as an escort, having cosmetic plastic surgery and drug abuse issues, followed by time in rehab, and finally posts about recovery, and healthy and fitness habits. The attention to the details of what she wrote and exhibited was what probably made the almost 90 thousand subscribers she gathered along the 5 months of the performance very surprised when she finally announced it was all part of an art work entitled Excellences and Perfections. This fictional life of Amalia Ulman was thoroughly calculated to appear believable to an audience already accustomed to aesthetics of this social media visual culture by reproducing certain patterns of pictures, captions, use of hashtags and interactions with followers. This paper will analyse the performance via the Instagram archive as well as the recently published book Excellences and Perfections. (2018), discussing the ways that it deals aesthetically with questions of identity, gender, class, sexuality and “lifestyle porn” in a visual network platform. The main question to be discussed is: how did the aesthetic choices of this performance made a fake story so convincing?

INKAR AL-SUNNAH DI INDONESIA (Studi Analisis Tentang Pemikiran Inkar al-Sunnah Ir. M. Ircham Sutarto)

AbstractThe history of the development of the hadith has recorded discussion of the inkar al-Sunnah.One of the causes of this movement is the occurrence of political differences among theMuslims which causes them to split into several groups or sects (firqah). The existence of thisarticle is to discuss inkar al-Sunnah in the contemporary period III in Southeast Asia, namelyIndonesia-Malaysia, but in this paper only discusses the inkar al-Sunnah in Indonesia andfocuses on Ircham Sutarto's thoughts about inkar al-Sunnah. Al-Qur'an and al-Sunnah aresources of Islamic teachings that must become guidelines for human life. But in practice thereare still people who deny al-Sunnah and only accept the Qur'an which is absolutely narratedmut mutually. This study aims to determine the character and teachings of inkar al-Sunnah inIndonesia, namely the thinking of Ircham Sutarto. This study uses a library studymethodology, which in conducting the research a researcher is confronted with variouswritten literatures which are the primary sources in this study and according to the object ofthe study. The core of this research reveals some teachings or understandings of one of theincarcerated figures of al-Sunnah in Indonesia, namely Ir. M. Ircham Sutarto, who totallyrejected al-Sunnah. One of the teachings of the inkar al-Sunnah Ircham Sutarto which iscontained in a dictate which he wrote himself by hand said that the hadith was limited to afairy tale or the story of the Prophet brought and told by people who lived 180 to 200 yearsafter the Prophet Muhammad died and the story was lets be a fake story (fictitious). In histeachings also said that before getting a revelation all humans have been lost and alsoincluded in the Prophet including Muhammad never lost, in accordance with the QS. AlBaqarah [2]: 198. According to him also that the Prophet had no right to rule over humans inreligious matters and carry it out, in accordance with the proposition of the QS. Al-Imranverse 228 translation of his version that is, "There is no (haq) authority for you in matters ofcommand at all."Keywords: Hadith, Indonesia, Inkar al-Sunnah, Ircham Sutarto

Kampanie i strategie propagandowe towarzyszące budowie muru berlińskiego

Propaganda campaigns and strategies accompanying the construction of the Berlin Wall The article deals with propaganda campaigns connected with the construction of the Berlin Wall. Propaganda activities assisted the police operations which were aimed at the separation of the east sector from the west sectors of Berlin. These activities took place before, during and after the operation 13, August 1961. In the first part of the paper I describe the prior campaign on the basis of daily newspaper „Neues Deutschland”, the main press organ of the political party SED. The two dominating topics are related: „the human trafficking” and the people regularly crossing the sector border. Refugees became the main topic of the campaign due to the constant mass outflow of people from 100 to even 300 thousand people fled through West Berlin annually. The fake story, common in the soviet Stalin era, tells about western agents recruiting and trading citizens of the GDR to the West. They were denominated by the propaganda as „head hunters” or „human traffickers”. The people regularly crossing the sector border became the inner enemy. They lived in the eastern sector and worked in the western sectors which resulted in higher revenue. By manipulating the aroused feeling of jealousy the propagandists turn the group into a scapegoat. They accuse them of lack of merchandise and of offences. To put an end to these activities the border had to be closed. The closer to the day of the operation, the more aggressive and hysteric becomes the campaign. The culminant events are the „show trials” at the end of July 1961 during which the assumed „human traffickers” are sentenced to prison. The second part of the article deals with post campaigns which aimed at integration of the citizens within the borders of the DDR.

Post-Truth Protest: How 4chan Cooked Up the Pizzagate Bullshit

Post-Truth Protest: How 4chan Cooked Up the Pizzagate Bullshit

The Influence of Paratext on Narrative Persuasion: Fact, Fiction, or Fake?

The present research examined the role of personality factors and paratextual information about the reliability of a story on its persuasiveness. Study 1 (N = 135) was focused on recipients' explicit expectations about the trustworthiness/usefulness and the immersiveness/entertainment value of stories introduced as nonfiction, fiction, or fake. Study 2 (experimental, N = 186) demonstrated that a story was persuasive in all three paratext conditions (nonfiction, fiction, or fake versus belief-unrelated control story) and that its influence increased with the recipients' need for affect. Participants' need for cognition increased the difference in persuasiveness of a nonfictional versus a fake story. Additional mediation analyses suggest that fiction is more persuasive than fake because readers of fiction get more deeply transported into the story world.

Noblemen Who Have Gone Wrong: Novel-Reading Pirates and the Victorian Stage in Gilbert and Sullivan's <i>The Pirates of Penzance</i>

Prior to the fight scene that precedes the operetta's denouement, the tenderhearted, law-abiding pirates of The Pirates ofPenzance explain that they are not varying piracee with a little burglaree (150) for the purposes of material gain, as the pirates of legend and history had done, but in order to avenge deceit: in Act I, they had released General Stanley's daughters when the Major General lied to them about being an orphan, thereby exploiting their sympathies for that repository of Victorian literary sentiment, the parentless infant. By demanding compensation for being told a story that is fake, the humorously legalistic pirates, wielding a labor contract and a maxim, Always act in accordance with the dictates of your conscience (123), emerge as agents of that legal and ethical discipline that has become associated with middle-class culture. But even more interestingly, they emerge as disgruntled readers whose consumer expectations encompass some level of truthfulness, some degree of mimetic fidelity, not necessarily fidelity to the world as it is experienced, but fidelity to the conventions of sentimental literature: they want a real fictional orphan. The pirates' demand for narrative authenticity their anger at being given that oxymoronic fake story reflects the battles for copyright protection that Gilbert and Sullivan and their managing partner, Richard D'Oyly Carte, waged at home and abroad as they gave up trying to give the public the real H.M.S. Pinafore in 1879 and turned instead to producing a new weapon, an operetta burlesque of nautical melodrama, The

Planet Pregnancy (review)

Reviewed by: Planet Pregnancy Deborah Stevenson High, Linda Oatman; Planet Pregnancy. Front Street, 2008; 197p ISBN 978-1-59078-584-3 $16.95 Ad Gr. 7–10 “I peek,/ and the line/ on the stick/ is pink.” And that’s when the life of sixteen-year-old Sahara changes utterly, as she’s faced with the most important decision she’s ever had to make: is she going to keep the baby? Keeping her pregnancy secret initially, Sahara mulls over the issues privately, coming close to making appointments for an abortion but never going through with it. As time passes and she gets bigger, she finally breaks the news to her mother (after initially trying to distract Mom with a fake story about date rape) and her supportive best friend, but she’s still wondering whether she’s going to raise her child up until the very moment her baby makes an entrance into the world. There’s a lot of believability in the story of a teenager who makes a decision by not making a decision, and who spends most of her pregnancy in denial and hiding rather than receiving support and prenatal care. Sahara’s narration unfolds in swingy short-lined verse that sometimes finds patterns in end rhymes, [End Page 75] sometimes in internal rhyme, and sometimes just in consonance, resulting in rap-like shifts and riffs that should convert challengingly but interestingly to reading aloud. The close rhymes are often jingly and contrived, though (“If you’re a mom/ can you still/ go to the prom?”); Sahara herself isn’t particularly sympathetic, aside from her situation, in her blameshifting and her shallow resentments, and since her growth and change are largely physical, the story lacks development. Readers may still be drawn to the personal account, though, and the pulsing rhythms may make for lively performance or reader’s theater. Copyright © 2008 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

All Fools' Day

A pril 1 coincides with Science 's issue date, providing an irresistible invitation for foolishness. Some publications do parodies; others create a fake story just plausible enough to hold the reader's credulity. But why quit at one when there are so many scenarios that might provide some amusement