Fake News In Media Research Articles

A Study on Evaluating the Impact of Social Media's Fake News on The Attitudes and Beliefs of a Society

The widespread availability of misleading information in this age of instantaneous information dissemination through social media platforms has prompted significant worry about its possible impact on people's worldviews. The major purpose of this research is to assess the influence of false news on social media on people's opinions and worldviews. Using a combination of quantitative surveys and qualitative content analysis, this research examines the frequency with which people are exposed to fake news. And moreover, it investigates the cognitive processes underlying the approval or rejection of such news, as well as its subsequent impact on individuals' attitudes and beliefs. The findings demonstrate a multifaceted correlation between misinformation exposure and changes in attitudes and beliefs. Regular exposure to misinformation is statistically associated with a decline in trust in conventional media outlets, according to the findings of a quantitative study. Individuals and society are affected by the implications of these findings, which have far-reaching effects. The decline in trust in conventional media underscores the critical need for media literacy education, which equips individuals with the ability to evaluate the veracity of information critically. In addition, the research highlights the importance of users in appropriately sharing content and the value of social media platforms in limiting the spread of disinformation. The results add to our growing knowledge of the complex link between fake news and public opinion. This provides policymakers, journalists, and educators with useful knowledge for navigating the current media environment. By illuminating the interplay between information intake, belief formation, and the rise of digital communication, this study betters our capacity to comprehend the multifaceted effects of fake news on social media. This research has important implications for the design of effective measures to reduce the societal harm caused by deception.
 Keyword: Social Media's, Fake News, Attitudes,

Fake Political News on Facebook

Nowadays, Facebook is one of the most popular information sources not only for the young people in Bulgaria. According to the Media Literacy Index for 2021 by the European Policies Initiative (EuPI), Bulgaria ranks last in the European Union in terms of resistance to the spread of fake news. Surprisingly, even Bulgarian politicians quote in various media fake news from Facebook. The aim of this article is to describe some of the most significant features of the fake political news on Facebook. The article investigates fake news published during the presidential election campaign in Bulgaria in 2021. The applied method of research is critical discourse analysis.

Infodemia – an Analysis of Fake News in Polish News Portals and Traditional Media During the Coronavirus Pandemic

The article addresses the issue of the presence of false information on coronavirus in the Polish news media between January and September 2020. The research aimed to check the extent to which traditional media participate in disinformation processes during the pandemic. An attempt has also been made at explaining the reasons for the publication of fake news in these media. Sources of information that Poles use most often were examined: popular information portals, traditional media websites, and social media (Facebook and Twitter). The article analyses false information in both quantitative and qualitative terms. A total of 101 pieces of false information made available online were diagnosed, of which every fourth news item (25.74%) appeared in opinion-forming media (three most popular news portals and all traditional media were taken into account). The qualitative analysis shows that publishing false information in the opinion-forming media is the result of changes in the journalistic work environment (especially declining standards of work, a desire to attract the attention of the media audience and the pursuit of the media organisations’ own interests). However, this issue requires further research in editorial offices and among journalists.

ПОНЯТТЯ FAKE NEWS ТА КОМУНІКАТИВНІ ЗАСОБИ ЙОГО ВИЯВЛЕННЯ

The article studies the concept of “fake news,” focusing on researching its etymology and the scope of its meaning. The meaning of the concept of “fake news” is studied based on the contrast with the word combination“false news”. The coinages “post-truth” and “fake news” have been recognized as the words of the year by different dictionaries in the recent years, which contributes to the image of the present-day media. Various definitions of fake news of different scholars were analyzed. It was found that fake news are relatively easy in making and spreading due to the advancement of modern technologies. However, they disrupt the faith of readers in media, which stands for the need for the detection of fake news in mass media. Consequently, the detection of fake news has been acknowledged as a crucial skill in the modern era. The paper analyzes the ways communicative theory can be used in the detection of fake news in the media. Four main strategies were identified, namely argumentative, appellative, evaluative, and the strategy of optimizing of perlocutionary effect. Each of the strategies is applied in various ways in fake news making with the use of appropriate tactics within their scope. The argumentative strategy operates with the tactics of manipulation and detalization. Tactics of ideologization, appeal to addressees’ needs and retrospection are used within the appellative strategy. Evaluative strategy includes the tactics of positioning, discrediting the opponent and distancing. And within the strategy of optimizing of perlocutionary effect the tactics of emotion evocation, mnemonization and visualization are identified. The paper provides a theoretical background to all of these strategies. Also, their practical application in the media was analyzed based on the examples taken from the independent fact-checking organization “StopFake”. It was found that all of them are frequently used in the hybrid war against Ukraine to disrupt its official government, treaties with European partners, and provoke chaos within the state.

Countering Fake News in Media: A Study on Journalists Based in Mardan and Nowshera

This research focuses on fake news and how journalists understand and counter fake news. The researchers used purposive sampling and collected data through in-depth interviews. Members of Mardan and Nowshera press clubs were interviewed regarding how they counter fake news. All the respondents agreed that fake news must be discouraged and that not only the media persons but the government should also take action against media organizations that publish or onair fake news. Most of them said that social media is the main source of fake news and that there should be some kind of regulations on social media to discourage fake news. Some called for training for journalists on how to counter fake news.

제19대 대통령 선거의 SNS 가짜뉴스(fakenews) 네트워크 분석

본 연구는 트위터 검색을 통해 제19대 대통령 선거에 SNS(Social Network Services)를 통한 가짜뉴스(Fakenews)가 어떠한 네트워크 구조를 가지고 있는지 알아보고자 한다. 노드엑셀(NodeXL)을 사용하여 트위터 콘텐츠를 분석하였다. 가짜 뉴스들 사이의 밀도, 거리, 중심성 등을 분석 하고, 후보자 관련 가짜 뉴스 네트워크 구조에서 후보자별 차이점을 알아보고자 하였다. 그 결과, 문재인 후보자 가짜뉴스 노드간 거리가 홍준표, 안철수, 유승민 후보보다 더 가깝게 위치해 있었다. 또한 문재인 가짜뉴스 네트워크 분석 그래프의 경우 타 후보에 비해 링크 간격이 매우 촘촘하게 연결되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 문재인 후보자 가짜 뉴스 트위터리안(Twitterian)들이 타 후보들보다 더 많이 가짜 뉴스에 긴밀하게 연결되어 있다는 점을 보여준다.

Trends in the Spread of Fake News in the Mass Media

The paper looks at the phenomenon of fake news in the modern media. Attempts have been made to provide the theoretical background of the phenomenon of fabricating information and clarify the signs of false messages. The empirical review deals with the trends in spreading fake news in the media landscape. We rank fake news topics by popularity; examine the issues of changing public trust in various news media as a source of information; structure the sources of misinformation and identify the major motives behind them; and discuss positive and negative outcomes of posting fake news. The study shows that propaganda is effective if society receives customized information that triggers the expected emotional response of the target audience. For these purposes, the article establishes the fundamental mechanisms for using fake news. The research presents the criteria for identifying fake news and develops its classification according to the degree of falsity. The generalization conducted makes it possible to conceptualize the phenomenon of fake news. The research results aim to resolve the problem of recognizing and controlling fake news in the mass media.

Analoge und digitale Ausprägungen von ›Fake-News‹ in Wort und Bild

The article deals with different forms and types of fake news in media and shows different ways to identify and classify such messages. The author presents initiatives that detect and correct false reports.