Fair Play In Sport Research Articles

Young sports fans' approaches to violence and fair play in sports

Young sports fans' approaches to violence and fair play in sports

Sports Governance and Ethics: Investigating Global Efforts to Ensure Fair Play and Integrity in Sports

Purpose: The main objective of the study was to investigate global efforts to ensure fair play and integrity in sports.
 Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
 Findings: The findings revealed that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to sports and ethics- investigating global efforts to ensure fair play and integrity in sports. Preliminary empirical review revealed that ethical leadership sets the tone for an organization's culture and significantly influences the ethical conduct of athletes, officials, and stakeholders. Therefore, it is imperative for sports organizations to prioritize the development and reinforcement of ethical leadership at all levels. In addition to that, the studies have underscored the significance of anti-doping programs in preserving fair play in sports. These programs have proven effective in detecting and deterring the use of performance-enhancing substances. However, there is an ongoing need for continuous improvement in anti-doping strategies, with a particular emphasis on enhancing detection methods and ensuring consistent enforcement across all sports and regions.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Institutional theory, ethical leadership theory and Diffusion of Innovation theory may be used to anchor future studies relating to sports. The study recommended for strengthening of ethical leadership, enhancing transparency and accountability, continuous improvement of anti-doping measures, promoting of cross cultural sensitivity among others.

Fair play in sport: the Brazilian pedagogical construction of antidoping as a civilizing element

Anti-doping has among its purposes to test athletes and promote educational actions. In Brazil, the Brazilian Doping Control Authority (ABCD) has been responsible for such actions since 2014. The objective was to analyze ABCD’s anti-doping education actions based on the civilizing process theory. A multisituated ethnography was used to follow anti-doping, a process that took place over 19 months. The results were divided into three empirical-analytical categories: 1) interinstitutionality, which shows ABCD actions to create interdependence ties with sports institutions and the field of Physical Education; 2) pedagogy for children and youth, which indicates that education actions were mainly aimed at the underage athletes; and 3) the use of athletes and former athletes as examples, in which the search for individual accountability and a displacement of the individual from the configuration is analyzed. Anti-doping education is an element of the civilizing process that seeks to incorporate mechanisms of self-control.

Students’ Attitudes and Behaviors towards Fair Play in Sport

Students’ Attitudes and Behaviors towards Fair Play in Sport

Tools Supporting the Measurement of Fair Play in Sport

In the course of our work so far, we have repeatedly emphasized the loss of morality and value in societies, which has an impact on all areas of life (including sport). Today, we are far from the original values of sport and the ideals of Baron Coubertin; fair play as pure play. Among the ethical issues of sport, special attention should be given to two extremes: fair play and doping. In our study, we aimed to review the available literature related to the topic of fair play in both the domestic and international setting. In selecting the processed research, our main goal was to present results that are useful for Hungarian educational science, including specific, internationally validated fair play attitude surveys and educational programs. Our current study is the first theoretical partial result of a larger-scale research, which includes the Hungarian adaptation of the presented tests.

Performance-enhancing drugs and the Olympics.

The rules of fair play in sport generally prohibit the use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs). The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) oversees global antidoping regulations and testing for elite athletes participating in Olympic sports. Efforts to enforce antidoping policies are complicated by the diverse and evolving compounds and strategies employed by athletes to gain a competitive edge. Now between the uniquely proximate 2021 Tokyo and 2022 Beijing Olympic Games, we discuss WADA's efforts to prevent PED use during the modern Olympic Games. Then, we review the major PED classes with a focus on pathophysiology, complexities of antidoping testing, and relevant toxicities. Providers from diverse practice environments are likely to care for patients using PEDs for a variety of reasons and levels of sport; these providers should be aware of common PED classes and their risks.

Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude in the Field of Doping in Young Athletes of Team Games

Contemporary sport is becoming more and more commercialized, hence the players strive to win at all costs, and to achieve this goal, they consider all means to be allowed. In order to be constantly on top, competitors change their training methods, use various aids, and finally direct their interests towards doping. Doping is considered to be the use of substances and all means intended to artificially increase physical fitness during sports competitions, which may be harmful to the ethics of sport or cause mental and physical harm to athletes. The aim of the research is to assess the knowledge of the problem and attitudes of young people practicing sports games towards the dangers of doping. Assessment of knowledge on the effects of the use of illicit means, and analysis of opinion on the use of doping and strengthening mechanisms for the adoption of pharmacological agents. Research on the knowledge about the use of support measures and doping in sport was carried out among talented youth practicing team sports games in randomly selected clubs of Małopolska, Silesia, Podkarpacie and Opole. Continuation studies were conducted in 2018-2020, they covered 60 girls and 60 boys, aged 16 years. The research was carried out using a questionnaire, the questions of which concerned the following problems: knowledge of the essence of sports doping, the relationship between doping and the principle of fair play in sport, support used in physical recreation, reasons for the use of doping, moral and criminal liability in the use of doping. When analyzing the results of the research, it should be noted that the use of doping in sport is negatively perceived by the examined youth. However, it can be assumed that the knowledge about the support and the problem of doping in sport is insufficient. Setting the main goal - sports success and the related financial rewards, as well as the willingness to be the best in the opinion of the respondents may narrow the boundaries, which may facilitate the decision to use support and doping. These observations seem to be very disturbing, as the analysis of research data concerns young people practicing sports at the stage of education and the utilitarian nature of physical activity.

‘Gender Verification Issues in Women’s Competitive Sports: An Ethical Critique of the IAAF DSD Regulation’

ABSTRACT In 2018 the World Heath Organization decided to re-examine the classification of gender identity disorder and exclude it from being defined as a mental illness. This re-examination means that sex and gender do not have a single meaning It can be argued that the WHO decision presents an ethical dilemma for competitive sports, since a more concrete definition of gender is required to determine the category in which an athlete will compete without the violation of basic human rights or the violation of fair play in sport. The example of Caster Semenya illustrates the ethical dilemma that arises in this situation. In what follows, I will discuss: 1) the circumstances and background of Semenya’s eligibility; 2) the conflict between moral values that arises here; 3) an ethical interpretation of the International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF)’s claim regarding Semenya’s case; and lastly 4) the acceptable level of injustice in competitive sports. From these perspectives, I will offer a practical philosophical discussion of the IAAF’s new regulations using Semenya’s case as an illustrative example and clarifying the difference between ‘discrimination’ and ‘distinction’. This paper partially affirms the Differences of Sexual Development (DSD) regulations issued by the IAAF in 2018. Its intention is not to completely support the IAAF’s regulations, however, but rather to show that the paradigm of modern sports itself can be a target of criticism.

Da li treba pobediti po svaku cenu? - stavovi sportista o fer pleju

The aim of this paper was to determine the athletes' attitudes about fair play in sports, ie to determine whether there are differences in the athletes' attitudes towards fair play in sports concerning gender, professional or amateur sports status, and length of participation in sport. Also, the research aimed to formulate an adequate questionnaire to assess athletes' attitudes towards fair play. The sample of subjects consisted of 150 respondents. The results showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the intensity of athletes' attitudes towards fair play concerning the gender of the respondents in all three subscales of the questionnaire (aggressiveness in the game, orientation towards victory, and orientation towards enjoying the game). It was found that there is a statistically significant difference in the intensity of athletes' attitudes in relation to professional or amateur sports status (sig. =.001). It was also found that there is no statistically significant difference in the intensity of athletes' attitudes about fair play in sports in relation to the length of participation in sports (sig. =.698). A questionnaire with a high degree of internal consistency was constructed (Cronbach Alpha =.821).

Effects of an educational intervention regarding fair play on sports team coaches

The objective of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of an intervention program aimed at coaches to evaluate their attitude in favour of fair play in sports, aspects such as fun, the need to win, antisocial behaviours (hard play, gamesmanship, and cheating) in young athletes of the Balearic Islands. The sample includes soccer, basketball and volleyball teams with a total of 1097 participants (854 boys and 243 girls) with an average age of 12.50 years and an age range between 10-16 years of the categories novice, juvenile and cadet of the 2016-2017 season, to which the adapted Spanish version of the Sport Deception Disposition Questionnaire (CDED) and the Fair Play Attitude Scale (EAF) was administered at two different times (pretest-posttest). The results show that young athletes value sport positively as fun at both moments of the season. The intervention program works, although not significantly, in the reduction of antisocial behaviours of victory, gamesmanship and cheating. With regard to sex, men obtain higher results in the so-called antisocial behaviours of sport in the first phase of the program, while women obtain greater results in pro-social sports behaviours. In a novel way, women obtain higher scores in hard play and cheating in the second phase of the program.

Sexism or Fair Play

It is true that not all women are born equal, and likewise, not all men are born equal, so before the game even starts, there are some athletes with longer legs, bigger hands and unusually high testosterone levels. These are natural properties and structures that have the potential to cause an unfair advantage. It is argued that since athletes are not born equal, natural properties should not be controlled or suppressed but ought to be considered as fair play in sports. Forcing intersex female athletes to lower their testosterone levels to compete is not only sexist and discriminatory, it is unethical. The question of fair play is at the forefront here as I seek to work from the premise that natural inequalities have always existed and will continue to exist in competitive sports. As long as these exist, competitions will not be fair. Since athletes have no control over these natural inequalities, they are neither causally nor morally responsible for them.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VIOLENCE TENDENCY LEVELS OF 11- 19 AGED CHILDREN WHO ATTEND TO SUMMER SCHOOL AND THEIR BEHAVIORS TOWARDS FAIR PLAY IN SPORTS

It is about the increase of behaviors close to the desired fair play in sports environments and the decrease in behavior towards violence. It is important for these behaviors to be identified from small age groups and to take necessary precautions and interventions for the future. The aim of the study in this context is to examine the relationship between the level of violence and the behaviors of children towards fair play in sports whose ages change between 11 and 19 attending summer sports school. The research group consists of 226 children aged 11-19 who go to summer sports school in 2015 in Osmaniye province voluntarily participating in the study. The Violence Tendency Scale developed by Goka, Bayat and Turkcapar (1995) was used to obtain data on the level of violence. In order to obtain the level of behavior for the flight play, Sezen-Balcikanli (2009) developed by Vallerand et al. Multi-Dimensional Sportsmanship Orientation Scale adapted to Turkish was used. While there was no significant difference between the groups according to their gender and branches in the evaluation of violence tendency levels of children aged 11-19 participating in the study, there was a significant difference between the groups according to their age and income status of their families. Negative correlations were found between the levels of violence of children aged 11-19 participating in the study and the behavioral levels and subscales of fair play in sports. As a result, the level of behavior towards fair play increases when the level of violence tendency of children between the ages of 11-19 attending summer sports academy decreases. Article visualizations:

The impact of achievement goals on cheating in sport

ObjectiveThe purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of achievement goals on cheating in sport. DesignsWe used cross-sectional (Study 1, Study 3) and experimental (Study 2) designs. MethodIn Study 1 (N = 144) we measured athletes’ dispositional goal orientation and attitudes towards cheating. In Study 2 (N = 125) we manipulated goal involvement and measured cheating in hypothetical situations. In Study 3 (N = 60) we examined the link between goal orientations and cheating in running races. ResultsIn Study 1, acceptance of cheating was positively related to ego orientation and negatively related to task orientation. In Study 2, cheating in hypothetical sport situations was more likely for ego-involved and task-involved than control participants. In Study 3, athletes who illegitimately improved their race times to enhance their chances of winning scored higher in ego orientation and lower in task orientation than those who did not illegitimately improve their race times. ConclusionsThe findings provide evidence for the motivation-cheating relationship thereby supporting predictions of achievement goal theory in the context of sport, particularly with respect to ego goals. Our findings suggest that interventions aimed to promote fair play in sport could focus on influencing the goals of the athletes.

The Straight Dope on Regulating Fair Play in Sport

Anthropology NewsVolume 57, Issue 7 p. e72-e75 July Online Content The Straight Dope on Regulating Fair Play in Sport Kathryn Henne, Kathryn HenneSearch for more papers by this author Kathryn Henne, Kathryn HenneSearch for more papers by this author First published: 26 April 2017 https://doi.org/10.1111/AN.44AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume57, Issue7July 2016Pages e72-e75 RelatedInformation

Gene doping in sport - perspectives and risks.

In the past few years considerable progress regarding the knowledge of the human genome map has been achieved. As a result, attempts to use gene therapy in patients’ management are more and more often undertaken. The aim of gene therapy is to replace defective genes in vivo and/or to promote the long-term endogenous synthesis of deficient protein. In vitro studies improve the production of human recombinant proteins, such as insulin (INS), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and erythropoietin (EPO), which could have therapeutic application. Unfortunately, genetic methods developed for therapeutic purposes are increasingly being used in competitive sports. Some new substances (e.g., antibodies against myostatin or myostatin blockers) might be used in gene doping in athletes. The use of these substances may cause an increase of body weight and muscle mass and a significant improvement of muscle strength. Although it is proven that uncontrolled manipulation of genetic material and/or the introduction of recombinant proteins may be associated with health risks, athletes are increasingly turning to banned gene doping. At the same time, anti-doping research is undertaken in many laboratories around the world to try to develop and refine ever newer techniques for gene doping detection in sport. Thanks to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and other sports organizations there is a hope for real protection of athletes from adverse health effects of gene doping, which at the same time gives a chance to sustain the idea of fair play in sport.

ATTITUDE OF ADOLESCENTS’ ON FAIR PLAY IN SPORT

The research aim – to reveal adolescents’ (12 – 14 year old) attitude on fair play in sport. Research methods: analysis of relevant scientific research, a questionnaire, statistical analysis. Adolescents’ (12 – 14 year old) from Klaipeda and Plunge participated in the research. They were selected accordingly to incidental convenient selection method. The results of the research revealed adolescents (12 – 14 years old) attitude to situations in sports. Adolescents’ showed their attitude towards sports fight, which is admired by almost half (47.1%) of the subjects. Players’ sporting spirit, determination, following the rules is important for them. More than one third of the subjects (35.1%) find the result of a competition more important, despite the way it is obtained. During the research it was found out that the expression of positive emotions after winning a competition was especially strong. Adolescents’ comprehension of fairness is not, however, stabile, as well as the expression of fair play in sport. Adolescents’ often choose a fair play game and the suggested situation (football during, the physical education lesson, et al.) in sport. The attitude towards fair and honest play in sport and value system are in their developing stage during adolescence. Therefore, adolescents’ fair and honest play should be started to develop with the help of educational integrated programmes of Olympic development. KEYWORDS: attitude, fair play, adolescents’, situation in sport.

The “Science” of Fair Play in Sport: Gender and the Politics of Testing

This essay reflects on the history of gender verification regulations aimed at female athletes in international sport and the justification for this practice under the rationale that it protects fair play in women’s sport. Beginning with the most recent guidelines for women participants proposed in 2011 following the controversy around the 800-meter world champion runner Caster Semenya, this analysis looks at the politics—gendered, scientific, and international in nature—of policing sex in women’s events through the use of scientific testing. To do so, the article traces the ideological underpinnings of fair play in Olympic sport and the development of international guidelines, providing a historiographic reading of the International Olympic Committee Medical Commission’s early work in this field during the 1960s, subsequent changes to this regulation, and their implications. In advancing this argument, I contend that to date the science aimed at preserving a steadfast binary has only provided evidence to the contrary. Science has yet to prove that female sex is definitive, and its recommendations have in part come to reflect that recognition. The recent revisiting of gender verification protocols nonetheless suggests the technocratic desire for a formation of sex that reflects binary constructions of gender, attesting to the continued power of heteronormative orders in this field and beyond.

Chapter 12 - Fair play in sport: drugs, discrimination, disadvantage and disability

(2012). Chapter 12 - Fair play in sport: drugs, discrimination, disadvantage and disability. Routledge Online Studies on the Olympic and Paralympic Games: Vol. 1, Australian Sport: Better by Design?, pp. 155-166.

Fair Play in the Perspective of Contemporary Sport

Fair Play in the Perspective of Contemporary Sport Sport as a socio-cultural phenomenon of modern times is often portrayed as a renaissance of the Olympic ideals. Today, however, we can see that sports in many cases contributes to the emancipation process, particularly in developing countries, offers opportunities for strengthening national identity and fosters respect for state symbols. A wider context of applying the principle of fair play in sports has its indisputable philosophical and ethical dimensions. The first expresses the widening gap between high performance sports and recreational sports. The importance of schools in the value modeling of the principle of fair play in general and at the level of sports is given by the fact that their very nature is aimed at socialization and education. Olympic Movement must ensure that the Olympic Games preserve both the Olympic values and the principles of protecting the environment, respond to the needs of the young generation of athletes and enhance gender equality and equal opportunities.

ETHIC AND SPORT

In this paper the author considers the rules of sports (constitutive and sportsmanship rules), moral values of sports (justice, honesty, responsibility, benefi cence) and fair play. Constitutive rules are the rules which determine the essence of the game itself, determine the structure of a certain sport, standardize the way in which it is played and sanction unallowed sport activities. Sportsmanship represents unwritten moral rules based on virtues of righteousness and honesty. Moral values are predominant forms of understanding of the purpose of human activity and the way in which human moral character is practically manifested. Fair play can be defi ned as commitment to the spirit and letter of equality of competitors in relation to the rules, and all towards the common search for excellence. The author believes that the rules, moral values and fair play in sport are required for any game to become actually possible to play. Nevertheless, occasionally, the necessity of some of the above mentioned preconditions, for example sportsmanship, is being relativized. Namely, the standing point that a competitor needs to make a certain effort in order to encourage his opponent to play well, and thus raise the level of enjoyment for both himself and his opponent, does not meet either the general approval of athletes or of the public. It is generally claimed that it is suffi cient to play by the rules in order to proclaim the playing as morally correct. The author looks at such an attempt to separate the sport from morality through the prism of modern tendency to separate different forms of practical activity from their ethical implications.