Fagonia Arabica Research Articles

Fagonia arabica extract-stabilized gold nanoparticles as a highly selective colorimetric nanoprobe for Cd2+ detection and as a potential photocatalytic and antibacterial agent

In the current study, polar leaves extract of the plant Fagonia arabica (FALE) from the Zygophyllaceae family was used to synthesize sunlight-assisted gold nanoparticles (FALE@AuNPs) with defined size and shape and of excellent colloidal stability. The effect of different physiochemical parameters (FALE dosage, Au3+ ions concentration, sunlight exposure time) on the formation of AuNPs was also studied. The synthesized FALE@AuNPs were characterized using UV–visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-rays (SEM-EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), powder XRD, zeta potential (ZP) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The successful synthesis of FALE@AuNPs in solution was confirmed by the appearance of a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) characteristic peak at 535 nm in UV–Vis spectra. The size estimated by UV–Vis (∼59 nm) was found in good agreement with that determined by SEM (∼60 nm) and DLS (∼61 nm). A zeta potential value of -28±1.5 mV confirms the colloidal stability of FALE@AuNPs. The FALE@AuNPs were utilized as a colorimetric nano-sensor for Cd2+ ion 15 nM limit of detection (LOD) and linear range detection of 0–600 nM. When utilized to identify Cd2+ ion in actual water samples, the nano-probe demonstrated high recovery rates of over 98 % and a low relative standard deviation (RSD) of about 4 %, demonstrating its dependability and efficiency in doing so. FALE@AuNPs were found to be antibacterial against gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria. An exceptionally high photocatalytic activity was shown by FALE@AuNPs with 80 % efficiency of degradation examined against methylene blue and methyl orange dye.

A Preliminary Cytotoxicity Study of Fagonia arabica against Breast (MCF-7), Oral (KB-3-1), and Lung Cancer (A-549) Cell Lines: A Study Supported by Molecular Marker Analysis Using Dual Staining Dyes

Aim: The objective of this research is to present a phytochemical profile of Fagonia arabica and to investigate the cytotoxic potential of its extracts against breast, oral, and lung cancer cell lines using MTT assay and dual staining-based mechanistic analysis. Methods: The progressive extraction of F. arabica was carried out using the Soxhlet extraction technique. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was calculated as part of the phytochemical profiling performed using GCMS and LCMS methods. The MTT assay was utilized to assess the cytotoxicity against normal L929 cells, as well as malignant A549, MCF-7, and KB-3-1cell lines. Results: The phenolic compounds and flavonoids were the two main elements of the F. arabica methanolic extract, with 1323 µg GAE/g of dry weight and 523.07 µg QE/g of dry weight, respectively. The presence of the functional phytochemicals was verified by GCMS and LCMS analyses. Toxicity testing on the L929 cell line found that the F. arabica methanol extract was the least harmful, with the highest IC50 (296.11 µg/mL). The MTT assay for cell viability against MCF-7 and KB-3-1 yielded significant results, with IC50 values of 135.02 µg/mL and 195.21 µg/mL, respectively. The aqueous extract exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the A549 cell lines (IC50 116.06 µg/mL). The molecular marker analyses using dual staining revealed that the methanolic extract successfully triggered apoptosis in the different cancer cells tested. Conclusion: The present data suggest that the methanol extract of F. arabica has substantial cytotoxic action against lung, breast, and oral cancer cell lines. Thus, F. Arabica would be a promising source of anticancer medicines, warranting more research to identify the lead molecules with anticancer properties.

Antifungal activity of Fagonia Arabica L. extracts against Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani

Antifungal activity of Fagonia Arabica L. extracts against Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani

“ESTIMATION OF RADICAL SCAVENGING POTENTIAL OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS OF LAHORE, PAKISTAN”


 
 
 In the current research, in vitro antiradical potential of some medicinal trees of Lahore, Pakistan was investigated. Various fruits and pods of 25 medicinal plants (Prosopis juliflora, Carissa carandas, Ceiba speciosa, Heterophragma adenophyllum Cestrum diurnum Jacaranda mimosifolia, Diospyros malabarica, Terminalia bellerica, Ficus lyrata, Diospyros peregrine, Cinnamomum verum, Erysimum cheiri, Buchanania lanzan, Withania somnifera, Fagonia arabica, Berberis lycium, Strychnos potatorum, Matthiola incana, Ziziphora tenuior, Centaurea behen, Rosa indica, Punica granatum, Lodoicea maldivica, Cassia absus, Celastrus paniculatus) were extracted by ethanol. Different concentrations of fruit extracts (1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 mg/mL) were prepared to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging method was performed and compared with standards like Vitamin E, BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) and ascorbic acid. Many plant extracts exhibited 80% of DPPH radical scavenging activity. F. Arabica, S. potatorum, M. incana, P. granatum, C. behen, W. somnifera, T. bellerica, and H. adenophyllum showed significant anti-radical potential (98.4±0.52, 96.40±0.52, 96.42±0.51, 94.58±0.52, 94.47±0.50, 94.65±0.56, 94.55±0.50, 91.42±0.51% inhibition, respectively) at 1 mg/mL equivalent to standards i.e. Vitamin E, BHT and ascorbic acid inhibition (88.25±0.2, 78.1±0.3 and 40.51±0.17%), respectively. Moreover, the dose dependent activity was observed as decline in the percentage inhibition at lower extracts concentration. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was also determined for the extracts that varied from 0.014± 0.001 (W. somnifera and J. mimosifolia) to 2.69±0.001 (B.lanzan) mg/mL depending on the sample extracts. The natural antioxidants in plants may be used in foods and natural products as a substitute to synthetic antioxidants, which have side effects.
 
 

QUALTITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF TERPENOID CONTENTS IN SOME IMPORTANT PLANTS OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN


 
 
 Terpenoid contents of traditionally used ethnobotanically important plants (n=25) were determined. Ethanol extracts of seeds, fruits, pods, branches, bark, rhizome and whole plant parts were prepared and preliminary phytochemical investigation was carried out. Total terpenoid contents in ethanol extracts were determined through qualitative and quantitative analytical assay by Salkowski test. Results of qualitative analysis revealed that the seeds, pods and fruits were rich in terpenoid contents. Whereas the quantitative analysis of ethanol extract showed that fruit of Carissa carandas and Lodoicea maldivica seeds of Erysimum cheiri, whole plant of Fagonia arabica and branches of Withania somnifera had 80% of total terpenoids contents. While, seeds of Ceiba speciosa contained 77%, rhizome of Berberis lyceum, flower of Rosa indica and fruit of Diospyros peregrina had 70% of total terpenoids contents. Terpenoid contents in all other selected plants ranged from 60 to 40%. This study would be helpful in the determination of therapeutic bioactive terpenoids that could be isolated and used for mankind welfare.
 
 

Antibacterial Activity of Economically Important Medicinal Plants in Pakistan Against Different Bacterial Strains.

The emergence of medication resistance and unfavorable side effects from existing antibiotics has prompted the quest for novel antimicrobial agents over the last 2 decades. Plant extracts have been shown to have antibacterial effects in numerous studies. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the antibacterial effect of economically important medicinal plants found in Pakistan. Onosma bracteatum (flowers and leaves), Viola odorata (flowers and leaves), Cuscuta reflexa (whole plant), Swertia chirata (whole plant), and Fagonia arabica (whole plant) were used against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Water and ethanol extracts were obtained from different parts of the plants. To evaluate the antibacterial effect of these plants, qualitative assay agar well diffusion method was performed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the broth micro dilution method. Results revealed that the highest inhibition zone (18 mm) was shown by ethanol extract of V odorata flower against P aeruginosa. Ethanol extract of C reflexa plants is best for all 3 tested microbes (P aeruginosa, B subtilis, and E coli). The results concluded that all these plants have abilities to fight against these tested bacteria. Ethanol extract of V odorata flower has the highest activity against P aeruginosa.

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential of Ziziphus jujube, Fagonia Arabica, Mallotus phillipensis and Hemidesmus Indicus

Phytochemicals present in plants are a major source of imparting different medicinal properties to the plant. Four medicinal plants, i.e., Ziziphus jujube Mill., Fagonia arabica L., Mallotus phillipensis (Lam.) Müll.-Arg. and Hemidesmus indicus (L.) Schult were evaluated for their antibacterial and antioxidant potentials. Chemical analysis of ethanol and ethyl acetate extract of these plants revealed the presence of various phytochemicals in them. Antibacterial activity of extracts was measured against a Bacillus and a Pseudomonas spp. Among all of the extracts, M. phillipensis ethyl acetate extract gave maximum zone of inhibition (14mm) against Bacillus spp. Minimum inhibitory concentration of M. phillipensis ethyl acetate extract was 62.5mg/L. M. phillipensis extract was found to exhibit the maximum bacterial efflux pump inhibition potential (155%). Due to these antibacterial properties, twelve components of M. phillipensis were separated by TLC. Out of these 12, the component showing antibacterial potential was subjected to GCMS analysis which indicated that phthalic acid was the bioactive component responsible for this activity. Antioxidant potential of all extracts was also estimated by various assays where M. phillipensis had maximum potential among all. In conclusion, M. phillipensis extract had maximum antibacterial and antioxidant potential. The bioactive components isolated from this plant can further be used in pharmaceutical industries.

Fagonia arabica L.: A Review of its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Traditional Uses.

Fagonia arabica, belonging to family Zygophyllaceae, is a medicinal plant widely distributed in the desert areas of the world, including Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, India and South Africa. The present review aims to explore the published information on the traditional uses, ethnobotanical knowledge, phytochemistry and various biological activities like antioxidant, antimicrobial, thrombolytic activities and anticoagulant effects of Fagonia arabica with critical analysis on the gaps and future perspectives. A literature survey was performed by searching the digital libraries and the scientific databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, SciFinder, ACS, Web of Science and published books. Fagonia arabica plant has been reported to have a wide range of traditional uses in sore mouth, smallpox, hematological, neurological, endocrinological, inflammatory, cooling agent in stomatitis, vertigo and endothermic reaction in the body. Several bioactive constituents, including glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids and trace elements, were recorded from Fagonia arabica plant. The isolation and identification of two flavonoid glycosides (kaempferol-7- O-rhamnoside and acacetin-7-O-rhamnoside) were also reported. Fagonia arabica has been studied for its wide range of biological activities, which include antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardioprotective and anticoagulant. It is apparent from the literature that Fagonia arabica plant possesses a wide range of medicinal and pharmacological uses and has been studied for its various pharmacological activities and medicinal applications. Critical analysis reveals that the plant has huge potential for pharmaceutical and pharmacological applications.

CuO-GO-Ag; Green Synthesis With Fagonia Arabica and Biomedical Potential is a Bioinspired Nano Theranostics Composite

In this study, a green synthesis strategy was used to construct CuO-GO-Ag nanocomposites (NCs) by using biological components of Fagonia arabica. Copper Oxide (CuO) nanoparticles and silver (Ag) nanoparticles were fabricated by using a plant extract of Fagonia arabica. Graphene oxide was synthesized by hummer’s method and hydrothermal approach. The characterization techniques used in this work were Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and ultra-violet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). As an innovative approach graphene oxide (GO) was firstly assorted with green synthesized CuO NPs and then Ag nanoparticles were incorporated to form amalgamated CuO-GO-Ag nanocomposite (NCs). The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of nanocomposite were examined. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant ability of the nanocomposite were evaluated by UV-Visible spectroscopy. Results reveal that biologically synthesized CuO-GO-Ag NCs have high scavenging and inflammation reduction potential as compared to standards (ascorbic acid, diclofenac sodium). CuO-GO-Ag showed that scavenging efficiency for 0.3 mg/ml is 57.40% and for 0.5 mg/ml is 74.24% while scavenging efficiency for standard (ascorbic acid) is 44.22% for 0.3 mg/ml and 58.42% for 0.5 mg/ml. Likewise, CuO-GO-Ag nanocomposite showed a % inhibition value of 46.59 and 87.80 at 0.1 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml while diclofenac sodium showed a % inhibition value of 10.98 and 35.37 a similar concentration. Fagonia arabica seems to be a good source for acclimating the potential of NCs and nanoparticles toward different increased biological activities, according to the findings.

Green synthesis of a MnO-GO-Ag nanocomposite using leaf extract of Fagonia arabica and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory performance

This research work includes the green synthesis of silver and graphene oxide doped manganese oxide nanocomposites (NCs) using Fagonia arabica, which is commonly found in Asian countries and widely grown in deserts. Fagonia arabica is a medicinal herb used for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Fagonia arabica shows efficient anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity and antioxidant properties. Manganese oxide (MnO) NPs were synthesized by a green synthesis method using leaf extract of Fagonia arabica. The synthesized manganese oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were then used to form manganese oxide composites coupled with graphene oxide (GO) and silver (Ag). The main composite synthesized in this research work is MnO-GO-Ag NCs. All the synthesized NPs and composites were then characterized by SEM, XRD, EDX and ultra-violet–visible spectroscopy. The anti-inflammatory activity of the manganese oxide NPs and their MnO-GO and MnO-GO-Ag composites were checked by UV-visible spectroscopy and the obtained results were compared with the standard Diclofenac Sodium. The antioxidant activity of MnO-GO-Ag shows a higher scavenging potential than the standard ascorbic acid. SEM analysis was performed to check the size and morphology of the obtained product. The XRD analysis confirmed the purity and crystallinity of synthesized MnO-GO-Ag NCs. EDX spectra showed the peaks for C, O, Ag and Mn, indicating the presence of these elements in our desired composite. For anti-inflammatory activity, the MnO-GO-Ag NCs showed percentage inhibitions of 34.15 and 81.71%, having an IC50 values of 0.15 and 0.23, at 0.1 and 0.5 mg/mL concentrations, respectively. MnO-GO-Ag showed percentage scavenging efficiencies of 59.84 and 74.48% at concentrations of 0.3 and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively, while the standard (ascorbic acid) showed scavenging potentials of 44.22 and 58.42% at similar concentrations. The MnO-GO-Ag NCs showed lower IC50 values, thus exhibit the high efficiency of the NCs for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

Evaluation of essential and non-essential elemental composition of commonly used medicinal plants from district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

This study illustrates a profile of some essential and non-essential elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cr, Cd, Co, Al, and Sn) in the aerial parts of six medicinal plants, i.e. Coriandrum sativum L., Mentha spicata L., Papaver somniferum L., Calotropis gigantean (L.) Dryand., Withania coagulans (Stock) Dunal, and Fagonia arabica L. widely consumed in district Peshawar, the capital city of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The samples were converted into liquid state via wet digestion method and analyzed for elemental composition by using atomic absorption spectrometry. After determining the concentration, hazard quotient (HQ) was calculated for the elements having available maximum permissible limit set by FAO/WHO or any other agency for 50 mg daily intake of the herbal plants by a person of body mass 70 kg. K/Na ratio for the studied plants varied between 14.88:1 and 113.75:1 which was in agreement with the reported permissible range. The amount of Mg, Ca, Cu, and Co was within the permissible limit in all the enlisted plants. However, the HQ value for Mg and Ca was greater than the safe limit for some of the plants. The concentration and HQ value of Zn, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cr, and Cd was beyond the permissible and unsafe limits for almost all the plants. This study suggests that the plants of this area must be pretreated for lessening the concentration of some elements before consumption.

Fagonia arabica extract as a safe‐environment green corrosion inhibitor for Cu in HNO3 solution

AbstractThe effect of Fagonia arabica as corrosion inhibitor for Cu in nitric acid solution was studied utilizing mass loss technique, potentiodynamic polarization measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increase in the concentration of inhibitor; the inhibitive effect of this inhibitor was explained based on adsorption metal surface, the adsorption effect follows Flory‐Huggins adsorption isotherm. The corrosion rate was calculated; the results revealed that F. arabica has good inhibition effect on Cu. The surface morphology of Cu metal was examined by employing various techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and SEM. The AFM results observed greater inhibition efficiency of F. arabica for Cu dissolution in the acid corrosive environment. The parameters for the corrosion procedure have also been determined and discussed.

Anti-5 ′ -Nucleotidases (5 ′ -ND) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Activities of Medicinal Plants to Combat Echis carinatus Venom-Induced Toxicities

Echis carinatus is one of the highly venomous snakes of Pakistan that is responsible for numerous cases of envenomation and deaths. In Pakistan, medicinal plants are commonly used traditionally for snakebite treatment because of their low cost and easy availability in comparison with antivenom. The current research is aimed at evaluating the inhibitory activity of Pakistani medicinal plants against acetylcholinesterase and 5′-nucleotidases present in Echis carinatus venom. Acetylcholinesterase and 5′-nucleotidase enzymatic assays were performed at different venom concentrations to check the activity of these enzymes. Methanolic extracts from different parts of plants were used for in vitro determination of their inhibitory activity against 5′-nucleotidases in snake venom. Active methanolic extracts were subsequently fractioned using different solvents, and these fractions were also assessed for their anti-5′-nucleotidase activity. Results of this study exhibited that Eugenia jambolana Willd. ex O. Berg, Rubia cordifolia L., Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Br., Calotropis procera (Wild.) R. Br., Curcuma longa L., and Fagonia arabica L. were able to significantly (p > 0.5) neutralize the 5′-nucleotidase activity by 88%, 86%, 86%, 85%, 83.7%, and 83%, respectively, compared with a standard antidote (snake venom antiserum). Thus, this study indicates that these plants possess the potential to neutralize one of the toxic enzymatic components of Echis carinatus venom and hence can help to augment the future efforts of developing alternative therapy for the management of snakebites.

Proximate Composition, Mineral Content and Secondary Metabolites of Three Medicinal Wild Fagonia Species

Proximate composition of the aerial parts of three Fagonia species (Fagonia arabica L., F. mollis Delile and F. cretica L.) collected from different habitats were analyzed. Macro- and micro-elements as well as some secondary metabolites were estimated. The obtained results revealed that F. creticus contains appreciable levels of nutritive components considering that its nutritional value (351.06 kcal/100g dry wt.) was remarkably higher than that of F. arabica and F. mollis (327.99 and 293.07 kcal/100g dry wt., respectively). The concentration of Na was relatively the highest among the other estimated macroelements in the studied species followed by K, Ca and Mg, respectively while Fe was the highest microelement followed by Cu, Mn and Zn, respectively. The phytochemical composition revealed that methanolic extract of F. creticus was the richest in total alkaloids and flavonoids, while F. arabica found to be the richest in total phenolics and tannins.

Potential Anticoagulant Herbal Plants: A Review

Herbal medicines have been used for the various diseases and disorders since ancient era. The aim of this review is to focus on the herbal remedies for anticoagulant purpose. Now a days the use of allopathic medicines is exaggerated which leads to side effects and adverse reactions of drugs. To avoid such reactions use of herbal medicine is indicated. This review explored various plants like Thymus atlanticus, Selaginella, Terminalia belerica, Tulbaghia violacae, Tridax procumbens, Porana volubilis, Panax notoginseng, Petroselinum crispum, Green and Brown algae, Grape seed, Gracilaria debilis, Ferulago carduchoram, Erigeron canadensis, Fagonia arabica, Codium fragile, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Bauhinia forficate, Careya arborea, Artemisia dracunculus, Angelica shikokiana, Syzygium cumini, Melastoma malabathricum, Rhaponticum acaule, Cinnamomum cassia showing anticoagulant activity. The data for this review is collected mainly from sciencediret and pubmed.

Characterization of ethno-medicinal plant resources of karamar valley Swabi, Pakistan

SummaryAn ethno-medicinal survey was conducted in District Swabi, Pakistan. Data were collected through field assessment as well as from traditional healers and local inhabitants by conducting personal interviews and questionnaires. Information about 63 medicinal plants belonging to 36 families was recorded. Some plants including Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae), Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), Cuscuta reflexa L. (Cuscutaceae), Fagonia arabica L. (Zygophyllaceae), Lepidium sativum L. (Apiaceae), Mirabilis jalapa L. (Nyctaginaceae), Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae), Tamarix aphylla L. (Tamaricaceae), Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae) and Zingiber officinale L. (Zingiberaceae) were found to be of great pharmacological interest for novel compounds and substitute for the antibiotics. Industrial relevanceMedicinal plants are still widely used for the treatment of different ailments in the area of Swabi, therefore survey of medicinal flora should be carried out to explore and bring up-to-date the catalogue of existing natural plant resources of the area especially in agricultural country like Pakistan. Small scale government processing units of agroforestry should be implemented to reduce the overuse and motivate the cultivation of valuable medicinal plants. Majority of the people use various formulations of medicinal plants for different ailments treatment. The phytochemicals greatly varied in medicinal plants and cause a marvelous effect on human illnesses. The objective of the present study was to document the information of folk medicines, its identification, collection of samples, study of its chemical constituents and uses by the local people of District Swabi, Pakistan.

Anatomical Study of the desert shrub Fagonia L. in Libya

Ten Fagonia species grown in the Libyan Desert were subjected in this study. Fagonia arabica L., Fagonia bruguieri DC, Fagonia cretica L., Fagonia glutinosa Delile, Fagonia indica Burm., Fagonia microphylla Pomel, Fagonia sinaica Boiss, Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi, Fagonia tenuifolia Steud. and Fagonia thebaica Boiss. Anatomical characters, include internal structures of both stem and leaves have been subjected in this study. Taxonomical key has been constructed according to internal structure of the stem. The result of the ANOVA tests indicate that five characters; stem outline, number of phloem fiber patches in the cortex, number of parenchyma layers in the cortex, ratio between xylem and vascular bundle; ratio between phloem and stem and ratio between xylem and stem; are highly significant different within the studied species. The previous trials of classification have been discussed according to the obtained results.

Morphological Revision of the Desert Shrub Fagonia L. in Libya

Ten Fagonia species grown in the Libyan Desert subjected in this study. The study focused on both micro- and macro-morphological characters by using Stereomicroscope, light Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). These species include Fagonia arabica L., Fagonia bruguieri DC, Fagonia cretica L., Fagonia glutinosa Delile, Fagonia indica Burm., Fagonia microphylla Pomel, Fagonia sinaica Boiss, Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi, Fagonia tenuifolia Steud. and Fagonia thebaica Boiss. This study has elucidated the importance of the vegetative macro characters in the taxonomy of the genus as first step in identification, especially the length of the spiny stipules and the type of leaf blade. Leaf or leaflet shape as well as margins and apices are of minor taxonomic importance. Microcharacters can be used to recess the identification and can be consider as the second step in identification. An identification key has been constructed and the previous trials of classification have been discussed according to the obtained results.

Effect of Fagonia arabica on thrombin induced release of t-PA and complex of PAI-1 tPA in cultured HUVE cells

Fagonia arabica (FA) possesses a thrombolytic property which has been earlier reported in our laboratory. Current study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of FA on thrombin-induced tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) release from cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVE) for studying its clot lytic activity. For this, establishment of cell line model has been done by isolating the cells from human umbilical cord. Cell toxicity was evaluated using XTT assay. Estimation of t-PA and PAI-1 t-PA complex were done using ELISA technique. Thrombin treatment induces the t-PA and PAI-1 release from HUVE cell line, and FA treatment was found to antagonize the thrombin induced t-PA and PAI-1 release. Our preliminary results suggest that FA may be used as an alternative to thrombolytic drug. However, study demands further experiments using animal model of thrombosis to establish the role of FA as a novel thrombolytic drug.

Ecotype Difference in Bioactive Constituents and In vitro Antioxidant Activities of Some Saudi Medicinal Plants

The bioactive phyto constituents of endemic and acclimated plants have been used for the bioprospecting of novel compounds, throughout the world. However, the constituents of bioactive phytochemicals and the antioxidant activity are influenced to a great extent by several variables such as altitude, sunlight, soils, season and region of cultivation. We collected Retama raetam Salsola inermis, Hyoscyamus albus and Fagonia arabica plants from two different regions; Jabalal-Lawaz (JAE) and Wadi-e-Dissa (WDE) of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Phytochemical analysis of Methanolic leaf extracts of all the plants revealed the existence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins and carbohydrates. All the screened phytochemicals were higher in content in the JAE plants than WDE, except flavonoids in S. inermis (WDE). Results validate that these plants from Jabal-al-Lawz have considerable amount of bioactive constituents. Methanolic extracts of H. albus exhibited maximum DPPH antiradical, nitric oxide scavenging and metal chelating activities; however H2O2 scavenging activity was highest in R. raetam. It is concluded that the plants collected from Jabal-al-Lawz are rich sources of bioactive phytochemicals and antioxidants and they could be used in the treatment of oxidative-stress induced degenerative diseases and disorders. Original Research Article Mobin et al.; EJMP, 7(3): 125-136, 2015; Article no.EJMP.2015.075 126