Factory Waste Research Articles

Evaluation of solar distiller performance using steel wool pads, internal reflectors, and woven wire mesh: economic, environmental, and sustainability analysis

Abstract Different researches were performed by using thermal storage materials, solar concentrators, reflectors, and other technologies to increase the productivity of solar stills. The main objective of the present study is to enhance the basin solar still productivity by using ecomaterials from the wastes of workshops and factories. So, this study presents an experimental investigation of basin solar still performance using steel wool pads, internal reflectors, and woven wire mesh. The experimental setup was performed at Suez Canal University, Ismailia City, Egypt. Two solar stills were included: one represents the conventional design (CSS), and the second one is the modified with steel wool pads, internal reflectors, and woven wire mesh (MSS). Both solar stills were evaluated under identical climate conditions, considering water depths of 1, 2, 3, and 4 cm, and the required parameters were measured and tabulated during the working days. The results indicated that incorporating these modifications led to a notable increase in accumulative productivity and daily thermal efficiency with minimum cost per liter. The MSS enhanced the daily yield and thermal efficiency by 22.1% and 28.0%, respectively, versus CSS at a water depth of 1 cm. In addition, the energy production factor (EPF), energy payback time (EPT), and the average exergy waste were 1.2 years, 0.85, and 400.2 J, respectively, for MSS. The annual exergy output, environmental effect factor (EEF), improvement potential (IP), and sustainability index were 462.7 kWh, 10.4, 290.6 W, and 1.09, respectively, for MSS. Finally, the cost per liter and the annual CO2 reduction over a lifetime for CSS and MSS were 0.023 $/l, 17.4 tons, and 0.11 $/l, 20.4 tons, respectively. These results align with and reinforce previous publications on desalination, highlighting the potential of these modifications for addressing the pressing challenges of affordable and efficient water using solar energy.

A Detailed Analysis on Evaluation of Green Computing

Abstract: Currently, computers are not only used in offices but utilized at home as well. The amount of energy consumed by the growing daily use of computers contributes to a rise in the atmosphere's carbon content. The IT sector is mostly to blame for 3% of the world's energy usage, which is rising by 20% annually. These days, green computing is a very emerging topic today. He is responsible for the use of computers and associated resources. It encompasses the application of energy efficient processors, servers and peripherals, along with less resource usage and appropriate electronic waste disposal waste. Enhancing the life cycle efficiency of IT devices and approving the recycling of wasteful items and manufacturing waste are the main objectives of green computing. The methods for conserving green energy and their potential applications are discussed in this article. By "aligning all IT processes and practices with the core principles of sustainability, which are to reduce, reuse, and recycle; and finding innovative ways to use IT in business processes to deliver sustainability benefits across the enterprise and beyond," green computing can also create beneficial solutions. Green computing and green chemistry share many of the same objectives, including minimizing the use of hazardous materials, optimizing energy efficiency over the course of a product's lifetime, and fostering the recyclable or biodegradable nature of factory waste and non-operational products .

Utilizing Ceramic Factory Waste to Produce Low-Cost Refractory Ceramics

Utilizing Ceramic Factory Waste to Produce Low-Cost Refractory Ceramics

Improving sugarcane productivity on marginal soil in Takalar, Indonesia, through the application of sugarcane factory waste

Marginal soil with low nutrient content is a crucial problem in reducing crop productivity, including sugarcane. This study aimed to elucidate the possible improvement of the physical and chemical properties of marginal soil through the application of organic waste from sugar factories, namely kettle ash and press mud. Nine treatment combinations of 0, 10, and 20 t ha-1 of each kettle ash and press mud were arranged in a two-factor randomized factorial design with three replications. Soil organic matter, N, P, and K, soil aggregate stability, and sugarcane productivity were measured after planting sugarcane for five months. The results showed that the application of kettle ash and press mud, especially with a ratio of 20 t ha-1 kettle ash and 10 t ha-1 press mud, was able to reduce the leaching of organic matter and improve sugarcane growth, particularly increasing the number of tillers by 16%, stem height by 14%, and diameter by 16%. The sugarcane productivity obtained was 58.02 t ha-1. Other portions of kettle ash and press mud did not have a favorable effect on sugarcane productivity. This study provided practical insights for increasing agricultural productivity, especially in sugarcane plantations.

Assessment of health risks based on different populations and sources of heavy metals on agricultural lane in Tengzhou City by APCS-MLR models.

To identify the sources of heavy metals in local soils and their risks to human health. This study quantified the concentrations of eight heavy metals in 504 soil samples collected in Tengzhou, China. The ecological risks of a single heavy metal (EI), a comprehensive ecological risk index (RI), and a health risk assessment model were used to evaluate the level of contamination in the city. The results of the research study indicate that there are different levels of heavy metal pollution in rural and urban agricultural areas in Tengzhou. Moreover, the spatial variability of mercury (Hg) is considerable, reaching 0.96, indicating a significant impact of anthropogenic activities. For the ecological risk, the heavy metal element with the highest EI value was mercury with a mean value of 67.22 and a peak value of 776.00. The heavy metal with the lowest mean EI value was Zn with only 1.03. Meanwhile, the average RI is only 128.59, but some areas have an RI as high as 842.2. The sources of heavy metals were identified using principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and an absolute principal component score multiple linear regression model (APCS-MLR). The non-carcinogenic risk for children, the carcinogenic risk for children, and the carcinogenic risk for adults were 1.23, 2.42×10-4 and 1.00×10-4, respectively, and these values exceeded their respective recommended values, and As and Cr had some carcinogenic hazards. Heavy metals in the soil come from natural, industrial, traffic and agricultural sources and represent 39.59%, 29.48%, 25.17% and 5.77%, respectively. The main source of heavy metals in local agricultural soils is the geological background, and the government needs to strengthen the monitoring of As and Cr in drinking water resources, as well as reduce traffic pollution and factory waste emissions to reduce Hg in soils.

Efektivitas Implementasi Kebijakan Pengendalian Pencemaran Udara di Indonesia

Air pollution is a significant environmental problem in Indonesia, affecting public health and environmental quality. Air pollution control policies have been implemented to address this issue. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of air pollution control policies in Indonesia from an environmental law perspective and examine community participation in supporting the implementation of these policies. This study uses a juridical-normative method with a case study approach, namely Decision Number: 14 / PDT.G / LH / 2018 / PN.Gns. The results of the study are that this decision is a dispute between residents of Untoro Village, Trimurjo District, Central Lampung Regency and PD. Subur Jaya which is located in Untoro Village, Trimurjo District, Central Lampung Regency. This dispute occurred because of the pollution of PD. Subur Jaya rice factory waste which has disturbed local residents and caused air pollution. Analysis of the decision shows that although the air pollution control policy has been well formulated, its implementation faces various obstacles, such as lack of coordination between institutions, limited resources, and ineffective law enforcement. In addition, public participation in supporting this policy is still low, due to the lack of socialization and education regarding the importance of air pollution control. In conclusion, the implementation of air pollution control policies in Indonesia has not been fully effective from an environmental law perspective. Improved coordination between institutions, strengthened law enforcement, and increased public participation through more intensive socialization and education are needed to achieve better results in air pollution control in Indonesia.

Production of Bio-Diesel from Dairy Waste Scum

Abstract-Dairy factory waste scums are increasingly being considered a valuable resource. However, these wastes may also contain contaminants, natural or artificial, that may adversely affect the land or water to which they are discharged. The study investigates the potential of using dairy waste scum as a feed stock for bio-diesel production. Present study optimized the parameters involved in the alkali catalysed Trans esterification process of dairy waste scum oil. The effects of methanol to oil ratio, temperature and amount of KOH were investigated. A study was conducted to evaluate the capability of production of biodiesel from consortium of native microalgae culture in dairy farm treated waste water. Native algal strains were isolated from dairy farm waste waters collection tank (untreated wastewater) as well as from holding tank (treated wastewater). The consortium members were selected on the basis of fluorescence response after treating with Nile red reagent. Preliminary studies of two commercial and consortium often native strains of algae showed good growth in waste waters. A consortium of native strains was found capable to remove more than 98% nutrients from treated waste water. The biomass production and lipid content of consortium cultivated in treated waste water were 153.54t ha-1 year-1 and 16.89%, respectively. 72.70% of algal lipid obtained from consortium could be converted into biodiesel. The present study found that bio- diesel from dairy waste scum is quite suitable as an alternative to petroleum diesel with recommended fuel properties as per ASTM standards. By using dairy waste scum as a feed stock for bio diesel and the environmental impact related to the disposal of dairy scum Keywords: Environment,Bio-Diesel,Dairy Waste Scum, Extraction of Lipids

Compressive Strength Analysis of Renewable Mortar after Portland Cement Replacement with Waste Ash

There are many environmental problems caused by factory waste. Sugar factory waste, in the form of bagasse ash, and PLTU factory waste, in the form of fly ash, are currently in the spotlight of science studies. This study used waste bagasse and fly ash to substitute Portland cement as the main ingredients for mortar. Baggash and fly ash waste were collected, processed, and then used to replace cement by up to 40% to determine to what extent they could be used in brick masonry work, wall plastering, and masonry paste. Experimental tests were carried out on mortar cube samples measuring 5×5×5 cm, comparing four types of samples consisting of Portland cement, bagasse ash, and fly ash. The compressive strength results were obtained after 28 days. Normal Mortar (MN=11.75 MPa) had higher compressive strength than the substitute mortar types MA (3.23 MPa), MB (3.09 MPa), and MC (2.98) MPa. According to SNI 6882-2014, MA, MB, and MC mortars can be used as O-type mortar (2.4 MPa). Therefore, they can be applied to wall plastering or walls not bearing loads.

UNJUK KERJA PERALATAN PENYULINGAN AIR LAUT DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BATU KERIKIL PADA BASIN BERBAHAN BETON

Clean water is very important in human life. Clean water is a basic need that cannot be separated from the development of human life. In their daily life, humans are very dependent on clean water, its use in the long term makes clean water very difficult to obtain. The scarcity of clean water that is used by the people on a daily basis is also influenced by the factor of contamination of clean water by factory wastes. Clean water is currently something that is difficult for humans to obtain, this makes clean water production very expensive. This research was conducted to produce clean water using a distillation process. Seawater distillation is a process of purifying seawater from its existing content, namely salt. This process is a separation method by heating seawater to produce water vapor, which is then condensed to produce clean water. The seawater distillation process is a physical separation process between water and salt content by evaporating seawater, which then undergoes a condensation process. The process that will be used in this study is the process of adding gravel as an absorber to the production of clean water in the distillation apparatus to be studied. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, it was found that with the addition of gravel the solar radiation would increase and the production of water condensation would also increase. Keywords : Distillation, Absorber, Concrete, Gravel.

Soil Fertility Level In The Aek Kundur River Area Regardless Of Factory Waste Disposal

Soil fertility is the ability of the soil to provide the nutrients needed by plants in adequate quantities and in a form that can be absorbed by plant roots. The aim of this research is to determine the level of soil fertility in the Aek Kundur river area regarding factory waste disposal in Lingga Tiga Village, District. West Bar. This research was carried out in June 2024 in Lingga Tiga Village, Bilah Hulu District, Labuhanbatu Regency with an altitude of 28 meters above sea level with coordinates N: 98022'44.34" E: 02032'34.23". Analysis of the physical and chemical properties of soil was carried out at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra using an exploratory-descriptive survey method. Research results on the physical properties of the soil in Lingga Tiga Village have a clayey clay texture and in Liga Tiga Village have a clay texture. Furthermore, the chemical properties of the soil in Lingga Tiga Village have criteria, namely neutral pH, low organic C, moderate P2O5 and low soil fertility status in the Aek Kundur river area against factory waste disposal. For this reason, fertilization treatment is needed to improve soil fertility status.

Enhancement and evaluation of solar still performance using internal reflectors and woven wire mesh: An experimental approach

In recent years, the urgency for harnessing solar energy for water desalination has grown significantly, driven by the escalating costs and the increasing scarcity of clean water sources. Numerous research efforts were dedicated to enhance the productivity of solar still, including the thermal energy storage materials, solar concentrators, nanofluid, and more. The main objective of this research is to improve the solar still performance by using wastes of workshops and factories so, their actual cost can be assumed to be zero. The experimental setup placed at faculty of Engineering Suez Canal University. Two solar still were included: one representing the conventional and the second one is modified with internal reflectors and woven wire mesh. The performance of the stills was assessed under identical climate conditions, considering water depths of 1, 2, 3 and 4 cm using both fresh and saline water with Total dissolved Solids of 18,562 and 35643 ppm. The obtained results indicated that the incorporation of internal reflectors and woven wire mesh led to a notable percentage increase in daily thermal efficiency and accumulative productivity ranged from 42.49 % to 45.04 % and from 43.0 % to 46.8 % respectively. The economic analysis demonstrated that the cost per liter for conventional and modified solar still was about 0.0018 and 0.0011$ per liter per m2 respectively. This study’s findings suggested that the integration of internal reflectors and woven wire mesh into solar stills to obtain high productivity potable water with low cost. These results align with and reinforce previous publications in this field, highlighting the potential of this approach for addressing the pressing challenges of affordable and efficient water desalination.

Performance of sugarcane molasses in concrete under hot weather

AbstractThe present research studies the effect of adding sugar factory waste sugarcane molasses as an alternative to chemical inhibitory additives manufactured on concrete cast during hot weather in the summer of Iraq. The current study includes a study of the setting time for cement paste and workability for fresh concrete and some mechanical properties of hardened concrete with sugarcane molasses using percentage 0–0.3% of cement weight. The study also included studying the value of pH of concrete to investigate the effect of sugarcane molasses on reinforced concrete. The results showed that the sugarcane molasses can be used by about 0.1% of cement weight for medium projects and between 0.1 and 0.2% for large projects. It was also found that the compression strength increased by about 11.5% and the indirect tensile strength increased by about 7.5 and 7.4% for splitting and flexural test, respectively for concrete mixtures containing 0.2% of sugarcane molasses.

Optimization of experimental conditions using central composite design for rifampicin removal

This research aims to optimize the impact of parametric conditions on the adsorption process of rifampicin, a drug used in tuberculosis treatment. The study specifically focuses on activated carbon derived from waste generated by a food processing facility, namely cacao shells (CS). Referred to as ACAFW (Activated Carbon Alimentary Factory Waste), the study utilizes a three-factor central composite design (CCD) experimental approach. The investigation is further connected to a parametric study aimed at verifying the effectiveness of the CCD model. Optimal treatment conditions were identified, including a pH of 6, an adsorbent dose of 0.3 g, and an antituberculosis concentration of 10 mg/L. These conditions demonstrated a close alignment between the obtained results (pH of 5.96, ACAFW dose of 0.328 g, and rifampicin concentration of 11.64 mg/L). The study employs a combination of the density functional theory (DFT) approach and infrared (IR) analysis to unravel the structure of rifampicin. Additionally, differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry (DTA/TG) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses were conducted on the material. ACAFW showcased surface areas exceeding 1394 m2/g, and a microporous volume of 0.400 cm³/g. The results from the kinetic study imply that the adsorption process is influenced by competition between internal and external diffusion.

Application of Appropriate Technology for Making Organic NPK Fertilizer by Utilizing Palm Oil Mill Waste in Bekiung Village

Bekiung is one of the villages in Langkat Regency. Farmers in this village generally cultivate a lot of oil palm plants. The waste is quite large and causes environmental pollution problems. On the other hand, experience problems in the form of scarcity and expensive synthetic fertilizers, subsidized fertilizers that are no longer available, and less fertile soil. This is due to the lack of knowledge and skills of farmers, limited advice and infrastructure in waste processing. The aim of this activity is to increase farmers' knowledge and skills in processing palm oil waste into organic NPK fertilizer, open farmers' insight into the importance of organic fertilizer as a diversification of synthetic fertilizer which is beneficial for soil properties and increase the independence of partners in waste processing. The solution offered to overcome this problem is the introduction of appropriate technology and processing palm oil factory waste into organic NPK fertilizer. The methods used in this activity are socialization and direct practice in the field. The results obtained were the introduction and delivery of technology transfer equipment in the form of a hummer mill, conveyor and simple filter, training and assistance in making organic NPK fertilizer up to packaging. The conclusion of this activity is that it is a beneficial activity for partners because it increases the understanding and independence of partners in processing palm oil mill waste into organic NPK fertilizer which can overcome the problem of the availability of scarce and expensive fertilizer.

Isolation and Characterization of Amylase Enzyme Produced by Indigenous Bacteria from Sugar Factory Waste

Isolation and Characterization of Amylase Enzyme Produced by Indigenous Bacteria from Sugar Factory Waste

Notes on Distribution and Biology of <i>Ceratopteris thalictroides</i> (L.) Brongn. (Parkeriaceae) Wlth Special Reference to Spore Production and Fertility under Pollution Stress

Present paper deals with 8 samples of water fern-Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. growing in the fresh water lakes of Indian Botanic Garden, Shibpur, Howrah and in nearby areas inundated by different factory wastes containing hydrocarbons, saponins, mercury residues and various heavy metals in addition to acidic and alkaline residues.Biology of the water fern including spore production, fertility, germination etc. have been studied under control (IBG lakes) and field stress conditions. It is observed that environmental and pollution stress cause severe alteration in the life cycle of this aquatic fern affecting spore production rate, fertility percentage and germination. It is also observed that presence of humus in the soil, salinity and pH of the water also affect the biology and phenotypic plasticity of this water fern. Present observation will be very much helpful in further studies on the biology of the aquatic plants.

Review: Metabolit Sekunder pada Kelapa Sawit

Oil palm is known as a plantation crop that produces vegetable oil which is widely used in human life. Palm oil is produced from fresh fruit bunches (FFB) which originate from female flowers. Another part of the oil palm plant that has not been widely utilized is the oil palm leaves. When these leaves have been pruned, they will become abundant garden waste. Apart from that, there are empty palm oil bunches (tankos) which are classified as factory waste. Further research is needed regarding the compound content, especially the secondary metabolite content of midrib and tankos so that their utilization is optimal. The aim of this review is to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds in oil palm plants and the potential for wider use. The method used is collecting library data, reading, analyzing and writing it down. The data and references used are scientific articles in national and international journals, textbooks, literature reviews and other sources. Based on the review, information was obtained that oil palm leaves contain several secondary metabolite compounds, especially saponins and phenols, while tankos contains phenol compounds. The amount of secondary metabolite compound content is not yet known for certain and this could be an opportunity to conduct research to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds, especially for oil palm plants.

Optimized extraction of polyphenols from tea factory waste and cost-effective drying methods for sustainable utilization

This study systematically addresses the significance of polyphenol extraction and preservation from factory tea waste, aiming to unlock its untapped potential by emphasizing sustainability and resource efficiency. Tea, renowned for its rich content of polyphenols and their notable antioxidant properties, serves as a reservoir of valuable organic compounds. However, in the realm of tea processing, a substantial volume of waste is generated, often subject to environmentally detrimental disposal practices. Delving into the substantial waste generated in tea processing, the research optimizes polyphenol extraction parameters using water as a solvent, establishing optimal conditions at 80 °C, 60 min, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 (g/mL). At the optimized condition, the recorded polyphenol content was 2635.36 ± 52.07 mg GAE/L, highlighting the efficacy of the established parameters. The study validates the predicted responses of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) model, identifies major polyphenols through LC-MS, confirms antioxidant activity via DPPH assay, and evaluates the biocompatibility of the tea waste polyphenolic extract with HEK 293 cells through MTT assay. The study employed four distinct drying methods—freeze drying, hot air over-drying, vacuum drying, and microwave drying. To preserve the quality of the TPC in the powder, optimization of drying time and temperature was undertaken. Notably, among these methods, vacuum drying at 50 °C emerged as the most cost-efficient drying option, amounting to $1.77/g of TPC powder, while concurrently maintaining a TPC value of 163.63 ± 5.43 mg GAE/g DW. This sustainable approach holds promise for diverse applications, including nutraceuticals, food preservation, cosmetics, and environmental remediation, aligning with global sustainability goals.

Investigation of pectin deficiency in modulating the bioflavonoid profile of orange processing waste: A sustainable valorization of industrial waste

Orange processing waste (OPW) generated by the processing of oranges, as well as other citrus fruits, is a major source of pectin in the market nowadays. The residues generated during the pectin extraction process may contain many phytochemicals, including flavonoids. We use state-of-the-art techniques such as liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) and feature-based molecular network (FBMN) to annotate the flavonoids in OPWs. In particular, four flavonoids, hesperidin, naringin, diosmin, and hesperetin were quantified in the samples by LC-TDQ-MS. In total, 32 flavonoids from different classes were annotated, of which 16 were polymethoxylated flavonoids, 13 were flavonoid glycosides and 3 were flavanone aglycones. The results showed that flavonoid glycosides remain in high concentrations in OPWs from pectin factories even after pectin extraction by harsh conditions. The results show an exciting opportunity to harness the untapped potential of pectin factory waste as a renewable source for the extraction of glycoside flavonoids.

A simple water purification tool as an effort to meet clean water needs

Water is necessary for all types of life on Earth. Water is also essential for daily activities, such as cooking, washing dishes and dirty clothes, and cleansing oneself. Water is scientifically constituted of numerous components despite its appearance of being clear and odorless. Among these numerous applications, bathing, washing clothing, and defecating account for almost 85% of total water usage. According to Water Aid 2016, more than 40% of the population in 16 nations lacked access to water facilities and wells. These impoverished groups must gather water from ponds and rivers and spend a significant portion of their daily income on safe drinking water. As a result, this study was carried out to perform simple filtering of clothing convection factory waste utilizing a simple water filtration method. This study used experimental research methods. The pretest-posttest design (pretest-posttest design) was employed in the study. The convection manufacturing wastewater was sampled in Semanggi Village, Pasar Kliwon, Surakarta City. The investigation findings revealed that the BOD and COD indicators remained below the quality criteria. After processing, the quality of liquid waste has improved and satisfied quality criteria. TSS (37.5), pH (1.08), BOD (5.4), and phosphate (9.2) efficiency all decreased. Meanwhile, the COD parameter climbed in value but remained inside the quality standard’s lower limit; therefore, it had no significance for efficacy.