Factories In Thailand Research Articles

Effectiveness of a Nurse-Led Workplace Intervention in Reducing Cardiovascular Risks Among Thai Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is continuously increasing. A nurse-led workplace health promotion program (NWHPP) has demonstrated potential in reducing cardiovascular risks among employees. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the NWHPP in reducing CVD risks among at-risk workers. Sixty workers from 2 factories in Thailand, each with an estimated 10-year cardiovascular risk of 5% or higher (determined by the WHO/ISH cardiovascular risk prediction chart), were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group based on their factory. The intervention group received an 8-week program comprising 3 core components: redesigning healthcare services, strengthening self-management, and obtaining organizational support. Evaluations of the estimated 10-year CVD risk, systolic blood pressure (SBP), smoking status, and body mass index (BMI) were conducted at baseline and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups. The intervention group showed significant improvements compared to the control group in CVD risk score (F = 4.827, P = .017) and SBP (F = 12.136, P < .001). Moreover, non-smokers were significantly higher in the intervention group (75.0%) compared with the control group (46.2%) after the 3-month follow-up (OR = 3.50; 95%CI 1.11-11.07; P = .030). However, BMI differences between the groups were not statistically significant. The nurse-led workplace health promotion program effectively improved cardiovascular risk scores among at-risk workers. Developing workplace policies and environments that promote healthy behaviors is essential for reducing CVD risks among at-risk workers.

Supply Chain Information Operational Model for Sugarcane Production for the Factory in Thailand

The research aimed to develop and to assess supply chain information operational model for sugarcane production for the factory in Thailand A samples are ten experts in the field of information. and supply chain. The data is analysed by means and standardized deviations. The research about supply chain information operational model for sugarcane production for the factory in Thailand consists of seven elements namely main components Suppliers , Factory (Manufacture) Distribution, Wholesaler, Consumers . The assessment about supply chain information operational model for sugarcane production for the factory in Thailand using Black- Box technique. The research findings revealed that supply chain information operational model for sugarcane production for the factory in Thailand is appropriate at the high level and can be develop information system.

Guidelines for preparation of food industry to certification the ISO 22000 food safety management system

As a significant statistical finding, the amount of food factories in Thailand with ISO 22000 certified remain low when compared to those of many other countries, therefore upgrading to international standard is necessary. The purpose of this research was to study a Guidelines for preparation of the food industry to certify the ISO 22000 food safety management system and develop a structural equation model of such guidelines. Qualitative research was done by in-depth interviews with 9 experts to create tools and conducted a Focus group discussion with 11 qualified persons to find consensus on the model of this research. For Quantitative research, collecting quantitative data was done using the survey with questionnaires from 500 food industry executives, which used descriptive, referential and multiple statistics for data analysis. The results shown that the Guidelines for preparation of industrial entrepreneurs to certification the ISO 22000 food safety management system consisted of 4 elements prioritized according to the found means as follow: 1) Organization Readiness (x̅ = 4.54), the most important items are the keeping of contracts to work that operate in accordance with policies and regulations. 2) Learning and Growth (x̅ = 4.50), the most important item is the use of teamwork. 3) Data Insight (x̅ = 4.50), the most important items are the research and collection of documents requesting ISO 22000 certification. And 4) Collaboration Network (x̅ = 4.45), including cooperation with institutions under the government in supporting experts and academics for training. As for the hypothesis test, the study showed that when classified according to the age of the ISO 22000 certificate at the statistical significance level of 0.05. The analysis of the developed structural equation model revealed that it passed the assessment criteria and was consistent with the empirical data. The calculated values of probability of chi-square, the relative chi-square, the index of consistency, and the root mean squared error of approximation were 0.094, 1.098, 0.946, and 0.014, respectively.

Health risk analysis from volatile organic compounds and fine particulate matter in the printing industry.

The association between the printing activity and the pollutant exposure of the workers was investigated in five consecutive working days, during 8 h work shift per day. Exposure concentrations of the total volatile organic compound and fine particulate matter were measured in the four voluntary printing factories in Thailand. Two types of the printing process, offset and digital printing, were compared. The 8 h average of particulate matter 2.5 in the field blank, Offset A, Offset B, Offset C printing and Digital printing D was 7.46, 21.51, 44.26, 77.92, and 42.08 µgm−3, respectively. The highest particulate matter level in the Offset printing C, 77.92 µgm−3 was due to the surrounded paper dust in the area. The 8 h average of total volatile organic compounds in field blank, Offset A, Offset B, Offset C printing and Digital printing D was 0.12, 2.68, 5.02, 21.86, and 0.67 ppm, respectively. The highest total volatile organic compound was 21.86 ppm in the Offset printing C because of the high production rate and the application of organic solvents in the cleanup process. Worker's exposure to total volatile organic compound and particulate matter 2.5 in the offset printings was higher than in the digital laser printing. From the health risk evaluation, the workers in offset printings were at risk from total volatile organic compound exposure, Hazard quotient > 1. However, workers exposed to particulate matter exposures were not at risk, Hazard quotient < 1.Graphic abstract

The effect of cultural intelligence of top management on pro-diversity work climate and work attitudes of Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand

PurposeThis research examines the effect of cultural intelligence (CQ) of top management on pro-diversity climates and perceived discrimination of the Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand. This research also analyzes the effect of perceived discrimination on job satisfaction and turnover intention of the Myanmar migrant workers.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from 650 Myanmar migrant workers who are employed at two factories in Thailand. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used as the data analysis method.FindingsThe results significantly support the positive effect of perceived management CQ on pro-diversity climates. Pro-diversity climates are also negatively and significantly associated with perceived discrimination. Moreover, the effect of perceived management CQ on perceived discrimination is fully mediated by pro-diversity climate.Originality/valueThis research clarifies that simply ensuring top management possess CQ may not be a sufficient condition for the company to successfully tackle discrimination in the workplace. Rather, it is crucial for the top management to create an organizational climate that is supportive of the racial diversity of foreign migrant employees.

Case Study of Tobacco Use among Myanmar Migrant Factory Workers in the Seafood Industry in Thailand.

Migrant workers commonly face many health disparities when they relocate to a foreign work environment. Many workers migrating to Thailand are young unskilled workers from Myanmar. In this study, we examine factors associated with Myanmar migrant workers’ smoking status and characterized smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior in one seafood factory in Thailand. This descriptive study utilized person-to-person interviews among 300 Myanmar migrants in one seafood factory in Thailand, of which 94.3% were young males between 18 and 39 years of age. Results demonstrated that 90% were current daily smokers, over 90% smoked 30–60 times per month, and 95% spent less than 500 baht (US $16) per month on smoking. About 70% of current smokers had 6–10 friends who smoked, compared with 40% of non-smokers (chi-square, p-value ≤ 0.07). Among this sample of mainly male migrant workers, smoking is very common, in part driven through social contact, but levels of dependence appear relatively low. The results suggest potential intervention approaches to reduce high smoking prevalence among this population, such as targeting young males and addressing their concerns about negative attitudes by peers to tobacco use and the unhealthful exposures of women and children in their families and the larger community.

A novel oleaginous yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae CU-TPD4 for lipid and biodiesel production

This study reports on the novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae CU-TPD4 that was isolated from coconut waste residues obtained from a coconut factory in Thailand. The CU-TPD4 isolate was confirmed to be a S. cerevisiae by molecular analysis and to be an oleaginous yeast with more than 20% (w/w) of the cell dry weight (CDW) present in the form of lipids. The lipid content and lipid yield of CU-TPD4 (52.96 ± 1.15% of CDW and 1.78 ± 0.06 g/L, respectively) under optimized growth conditions were much higher than those under normal growth conditions (22.65 ± 1.32% of CDW and 1.24 ± 0.12 g/L, respectively). The major fatty acids produced by CU-TPD4 were oleic (C18:1), palmitoleic (C16:1), stearic (C18:0), and palmitic (C16:0) acids. Mathematical estimation of the physical properties of the biodiesel obtained by transesterification of the extracted lipid suggested it was suitable as biodiesel with respect to the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 international standards. Consequently, S. cerevisiae CU-TPD4 is expected to emerge as a promising alternative for biodiesel production.

Cold-related pain in the face, upper limbs, and lower body among Thai chicken industry workers: a cross-sectional study

There is limited information on cold-related pain (CRP) in various parts of the body among workers employed in cold environments. We, therefore, determined the prevalence of CRP among Thai chicken industry workers and attempted to identify vulnerable subgroups. Four hundred and twenty-two workers in four chicken meat factories in Thailand were asked about CRP in the face, upper limbs, and lower body. The results were expressed as adjusted prevalence and prevalence differences [PD; in percentage points (pp)] and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Overall, 80% of the subjects suffered from CRP in at least one site on the body: 66% in the upper limbs, 65% in the lower body, and 44% in the face. In most sites, CRP increased from the lowest to the highest educational level, notably in the nose with a PD of 36pp [95% CI 23, 49]. Forklift drivers experienced knee pain [PD 21pp (0, 41)], and manufacturing [PD 27pp (15, 38)] and storage workers [PD 24pp (10, 37)] experienced thigh pain more often than office workers, while office workers reported CRP in the cheeks, ears, wrists, and fingers more often than other workers. Women had more CRP than men in several body sites. The majority of workers suffered from CRP. Intensified protective measures should be targeted not only for forklift drivers and storage and manufacturing workers, but also for the highly educated as well as the office staff who showed excessive prevalence of CRP in several body sites.

Cold-related symptoms and performance degradation among Thai poultry industry workers with reference to vulnerable groups: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundFew studies have examined cold-related symptoms among cold workplace workers in Thailand. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cold-related cardiorespiratory, circulatory, and general symptoms and performance degradation among Thai chicken industry workers and identify vulnerable groups.MethodsOverall, 422 workers aged from 18 to 57 years at four chicken meat factories in Thailand were interviewed for cold-related symptoms and complaints. The results were expressed in terms of model-based adjusted prevalence and prevalence differences (PDs) in percentage points (pp) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsIn total, 76.1% of the respondents reported cold-related respiratory symptoms, 24.6% reported cardiac symptoms, 68.6% reported circulatory symptoms, and 72.1% reported general symptoms. In addition, 82.7% of the respondents reported performance degradation. Cold-related respiratory symptoms increased by PD 29.0 pp. (95% CI 23.4–34.6) from the lowest to the highest educational group, with a similar pattern observed in performance degradation. Forklift drivers and storage and manufacturing workers complained of cold-related respiratory symptoms more than office staff (PD 22.1 pp., 95% CI 12.8–31.3; 12.0 pp., 95% CI 2.4–21.6; and 17.5 pp., 95% CI 11.5–23.6, respectively); they also reported more performance degradation (PD 24.1 pp., 95% CI 17.0–31.2; 19.8 pp., 95% CI 14.1–25.6; and 14.8 pp., 95% CI 8.0–22.6, respectively). Weekly alcohol consumers reported more performance problems owing to cold (PD 18.2 pp., 95% CI 13.9–22.6) than non-consumers of alcohol. Cardiac and circulation symptoms were more common in women than men (PD 10.0 pp., 95% CI 1.1–18.9; and 8.4 pp., 95% CI 0.5–16.4, respectively). The age trend in performance issues was curved, with the highest prevalence among those aged 35–44 years, while the oldest workers (45–57 years) perceived less cold-related symptoms, particularly thirst.ConclusionsCold-related symptoms and performance degradation were found to be common in this industry, with vulnerable groups comprising of highly educated workers, forklift drivers, storage and manufacturing workers, weekly alcohol consumers, aging workers, and women. The results demonstrate a need for further research on the adequacy of protection provided against the cold, particularly given that global warming will increase the contrast between cold workplaces and outdoor heat.

Newly-isolated hydrogen-producing bacteria and biohydrogen production by Bacillus coagulans MO11 and Clostridium beijerinckii CN on molasses and agricultural wastewater

Biohydrogen is one of the most potential alternative fuels for the future. Among various substances from agricultural factory waste, molasses and wastewater from ethanol distillation plants are the main focus of this study. To overcome the limitation of bio-H2 production, the direct screening of waste substrates for an efficient producer using co-culture free technique is an interesting choice. Competent species with H2-producing ability and valuable volatile acid such as acetic acid were selected. Several bacteria were isolated and had their species identified by microbial 16SrDNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis by Maximum Likelihood method. Bacillus coaglulans, B. circulans, Sporolactobacillus inulinus, Lactobacillus spp., Pediococcus acidilactici, Paenibacillus thermophilus, Chronobacter sakazaki and Clostridium beijerinckii were found in both reducing-sugar rich waste and wastewater. For bio-H2 application in this criteria, potent natural hydrogen producer B. coagulans MO11 and C. beijerinckii CN were picked to test the growth ability on different substrates (carbon-dioxide, l-arabinose, d-xylose, d-glucose, d-fructose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, starch and others). Wastewater from sugarcane factories and other agricultural factories in Thailand were tested for physical and biochemical characteristics which would make them suitable renewable substrates. Among all, Bacillus coagulans MO11 could produce hydrogen gas using molasses and ethanol refinery wastewater effectively (1.634 molH2/mol hexose) as detected by Drager tube, which was the maximum yield in this study. In comparison, the experiment performed by using B. coagulans MO11 and C. beijerinckii CN fed with 40X diluted molasses wastewater showed better production of H2 gas in Clostridium beijerinckii CN during the final 72-hr gas collection (79 mL/L and 125 mL/L respectively). The results pointed in the same direction when replacing 40X diluted molasses with 5X diluted refinery wastewater supplemented with trace elements.

Boots Unlimited: Getting a Foot in the Door (A)

BootsUnlimited.com (BU) is a website offering custom-made footwear. Customers can choose from a wide variety of styles and can also create new styles based on their exact specifications. The company instructs customers on how to provide 20 different foot and calf measurements, and from those measurements, the footwear is made in a Thai production facility. BU products cater to the custom boot market and to very different segments, and the brothers who co-own the family business have designed a Google AdWords campaign for their company to target each segment. Because they were starting with a limited budget, and because BU catered to such niche markets, the Rosens decided to start with very specific keywords that would require lower bids. They believed that starting this way would keep them from running out of money too soon. Excerpt UVA-M-0970 Rev. Feb. 24, 2020 Boots Unlimited: Getting a Foot in the Door (A) Introduction Ryan Rosen typed sexy boots for men into the Google search bar and sighed. He was working with his brother, Robert, to boost online sales at their family-owned boots shop, BootsUnlimited.com (BU) using a Google AdWords campaign. BU was not a retail shoe store where customers came in to try on shoes, buy the ones that fit best, and then left with their purchase. Instead, Ryan and Robert worked with a factory in Thailand to create one-of-a-kind boots using customized measurements. Other members of their family ran the factory, which helped the business in terms of communications and trust. See Figure 1 for an example of BU's boots. Figure 1. Example of BU custom boots. . . .

Antecedents and outcomes associated with a sense of place toward the organization of Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine some of the antecedents and outcomes associated with a sense of place (SOP) on the part of Myanmar migrant workers working in Thailand toward their place of work. The transformational leadership of top management and diversity climate were selected as the antecedent variables, whereas turnover intention was selected as the outcome variable. Belongingness theory and social identity theory were used as the theoretical foundation to support the roles of these variables.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from Myanmar migrant workers working at two factories in Thailand (n=736). Partial least squares regression was used for the data analysis.FindingsThe results support a negative linkage between SOP and turnover intention. The positive contribution of transformational leadership of top management and diversity climate to SOP was also supported. Moreover, diversity climate was found to partially mediate the positive contribution of transformational leadership of top management to SOP. Finally, the analysis found that the linkage between diversity climate and SOP was positively moderated by the length of stay of the Myanmar migrant workers in the organization.Originality/valueThis study provides new evidence showing that SOP also matters for foreign migrant workers in terms of developing emotional attachment to the workplace outside their home country and that these workers were less likely to leave the workplace although they were a culturally minority group in the organization. This research also provides new evidence concerning the role of the transformational leadership of top management and workplace climate, which were antecedents of an SOP toward the organization.

Investigating the performance guarantee system for building envelope glass and frames in Thailand

In Southeast Asia, reduction of energy usage is a necessity because of an increasing trend in building energy consumption. The building envelope performance strongly affects the building’s energy performance necessitating it consideration in energy usage studies. Many studies have been conducted that have encouraged the growing use of green materials in Southeast Asia. However, the studies that have focused on the building envelope are few. It is, therefore, unclear whether the adopted products would perform at the level for which is decided at designed. This study analyses how to rate material performance and the glass and frame production process along with the performance guarantee system used on building envelopes in Thailand located in Southeast Asia. Data were collected in a literature review and field survey. The field survey is an interview survey which was conducted with academicians who focus on the glass industry, architects and façade contractors, and a factory survey which was conducted in a glass factory and aluminium factory in Thailand. As a result, this study presented the material performance decision factor, the production process, and the product testing phase including checking of production performance and the practically referred standards.

Sugar Industry and Utilization of Its By-products in Thailand: An Overview

Sugarcane is an important economic crop in Thailand. It is not only important for sugar production but also for energy production in Thailand. In 2017, sugarcane cultivation area in Thailand covers 1.758 million hectares. Total sugarcane yield is 94.7 million tons, and sugar production efficiency is 107.90 kg/ton of sugarcane. At present, there are 51 sugar factories in Thailand. The total sugar production potentiality is over 10 million tons/year. Main exporting countries of Thai sugars are Asian as it gains advantage in transportation cost. Furthermore, bagasse and molasses are residues from sugar production. In 2016, sugar factories in Thailand left bagasse around 30.68 million tons which were used to generate 3885.34 million kWh electricity. Molasses have been used for ethanol production, at present, around 1.93 million liters/day ethanol is produced from molasses. Most of the ethanol products from molasses are used as fuel. Even though the current Thai sugar industry is in high competitive state, it still needs development, especially for increasing efficiency of sugarcane and sugar production. To increase the efficiency, new sugarcane cultivars with high yield and high sugar content are needed for sugarcane farmers and sugar industries.

Structural performance evaluation of finger-jointed rubberwood manufactured by factories in Thailand

In order to utilize finger-jointed rubberwood as raw material for the production of structural wood products, the finger joint efficiencies of rubberwood specimens taken from three factories in Thailand were evaluated. This study investigated the finger profile, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of finger-jointed rubberwood from all selected factories. The effect of finger orientations (vertical and horizontal) on MOR and MOE values was also examined. The results showed that all selected factories used the same finger profile for manufacturing finger jointing of rubberwood samples. The finger orientations had no noticeable effect on the MOR and MOE values. The MOR values of finger-jointed rubberwood obtained from all selected factories were different. They ranged from 55 to 78 MPa. A primary cause of failure for specimens with lower MOR values was the poor surface bonding of fingers. The MOE values of samples were similar for all selected factories ranging from 9,710 to 12,200 MPa. According to BS EN 338 (2016), finger jointed rubberwood from some factories was inappropriate for production of high strength structural wood products.

Heuristic approach for solving employee bus routes in a large-scale industrial factory

This paper compares different methods for solving a location-routing problem (LRP), using real-world data from the bus transport service for employees of a large-scale industrial factory in Thailand. We tested four AI (artificial intelligence) techniques Maximin, K-means, Fuzzy C-means, and Competitive Learning and two hybrids of these four K-means with Competitive Learning and K-means with Maximin to allocate the bus stops. The efficiency of the algorithms was compared, in terms of the quality of the solutions. The K-means with Maximin provided the best solution, as it minimized number of bus stop locations and employees’ total traveling distance while satisfied employee at maximum radius 1.73km, compared to K-means with Competitive Learning, as the same number of bus stop it provided higher total traveling distance and maximum radius. The other non-hybrid techniques provided higher number of bus stop locations.We then used ant colony optimization (ACO) to determine the optimal routing between the 300–700 bus stops as allocated by K-means with Maximin. The optimal bus routing to transport the factory’s 5000 plus employees required 134 buses (134 independent routes) covering 500 bus stops and traveling nearly 5000km. While optimal, this routing was costly and created monitoring difficulties. To address these concerns, we constrained the number of bus routes; while this dramatically increased the total distance, it provided a more practical solution for the factory.

Occupational noise-induced hearing loss in auto part factory workers in welding units in Thailand.

Most workers in auto part factories in Thailand are usually exposed to excessive noise in their workplace. This study aimed to assess the level of occupational noise-induced hearing loss and investigate risk factors causing hearing loss in auto part factory workers in the welding units in Thailand. This was a cross-sectional study. One hundred eighty subjects were recruited from 356 workers in the welding unit of three factories. Sixty eligible subjects in each factory were selected by systemic random sampling. The subjects were interviewed using a face-to-face questionnaire. Noise exposure levels and audiograms were measured by a noise dosimeter and an audiometer, respectively. The findings confirmed that noise exposure levels of 86-90 dB (A) and exceeding 90 dB (A) significantly increased the risk of hearing loss in either ear. A noise exposure level exceeding 90 dB (A) significantly increased the prevalence of hearing loss in both ears. Regarding, a 10-pack-year smoking history increased the prevalence of hearing loss in either ear or both ears. In addition, subjects with employment duration exceeding 10 years significantly developed hearing loss in either ear. The engineering control or personal control by wearing hearing protection device should be used to decrease noise exposure levels lower than 85 dB (A) for 8 h. Moreover, if the exposure level reaches 85 dB (A) for 8 h, the employer needs to implement a hearing conservation program in the workplace.

A workplace intervention program and the increase in HIV knowledge, perceived accessibility and use of condoms among young factory workers in Thailand

Vulnerability to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection among factory workers is a global problem. This study investigated the effectiveness of an intervention to increase AIDS knowledge, perceived accessibility to condoms and condom use among young factory workers in Thailand. The intervention was a workplace program designed to engage the private sector in HIV prevention. A cross-sectional survey conducted in 2008 to measure program outcomes in factories in Thailand was used in this study. The workplace intervention included the development of policies for management of HIV-positive employees, training sessions for managers and workers, and distribution of educational materials and condoms. A multi-level analysis was used to investigate the effect of HIV/AIDS prevention program components at the workplace on HIV/AIDS knowledge, perceived accessibility to condoms and condom use with regular sexual partners among 699 young factory workers (aged 18–24 years), controlling for their individual socio-demographic characteristics. Interventions related to the management and services component including workplace AIDS policy formulation, condom services programs and behavioral change campaigns were found to be significantly related to increased AIDS knowledge, perceived accessibility to condoms and condom use with regular partners. The effect of the HIV/AIDS training for managers, peer leaders and workers was positive but not statistically significant. With some revision of program components, scaling up of workplace interventions and the engagement of the private sector in HIV prevention should be seriously considered.

An Improvement Project - Karma Thailand

On the occasion of near my retirement in June 2011, I got a challengeable opportunity to undertake a mission which is applying the integration of diversified improvement technologies for implementing to a Karma factory in Thailand, as we say in brief. There are four improvement projects in total: ERP improvement project, stock improvement project, process improvement project, quality improvement project. This report is an interpretation of SOMA Project total process of progression. I just describe the improvement projects concisely, and demonstrate the result of quality project using cloud computing SPC system. Before launching SOMA project, we well organized Karma Taiwan people and Thailand people into 4 project teams, some people join one more teams, engineering people especially. For the SOP sake, we introduced Ford 8D problem solving technique to all the project teams. For the communication sake, we established document center in public website. For the progression control sake, every project team was required to present in every Monday weekly review meeting. For honesty sake, we kept meeting records by photographs and videos. For all Karma group people sake, we mailed weekly report to key man of Karma group in each Saturday. We surveyed and analyzed ERP processes by utilizing Business System Planning methodology to get a systematic result. We surveyed and analyzed stock layout by layout line chart; material picking operation by utilizing process analysis chart to let picking operation more effective. We surveyed and analyzed all the processes of SOMA factory by utilizing plant layout line chart, operation flow chart, material flow chart, process analysis chart. We collected 570 Final Assembly FQC inspection records from January 2011 to May 2011, the FTY average was under 60%. We deployed 10 more subprojects during our onsite consulting period from June 2011 to December 2011, most of project participants could follow the 8D procedure and got good results. After our onsite consulting, SOMA project keep ongoing till now, we monitor the FTY from cloud computing SPC system, FTY average was 72% in 2012, 75% in 2013, 82% in 2014.

Evaluation of Furnaces Performance of Glass Factories in Thailand

The objective of this project is to evaluate the energy consumption and the efficiency of glass melting furnaces using a thermodynamic principle and heat (energy) balance analysis. The approach can carry out more accurate result of wall losses than the direct temperature measurement at the furnace walls. Six furnaces from different factories in Thailand were studied. To construct the heat balance of glass furnace, the amount of heat for melting raw materials batch to glass melt (Hex), input energy (Hin) and the heat of content of offgas had to be known. The heat (energy) balance indicated the performance of glass furnaces in term of energy consumption.Glass furnace, Efficiency, Heat balance