Factors Of Working Conditions Research Articles

Factors Affecting Auditors Decisions to Change Profession

The cornerstone of audit business is human resources – people, their knowledge and skills create the greatest added value in the provision of audit services. It is noticeable that recently audit companies have been facing serious human resource management challenges - it is becoming more difficult to motivate employees to continue their career in the audit business. The article examines what factors affect the decision of Lithuanian auditors to change their profession and leave the audit business. It was determined that the decision of auditors to leave the profession is affected by various factors, which can be grouped into 4 groups: (1) the image of the profession, (2) the environment of the profession, (3) the working environment and (4) the factors of working conditions. The following working conditions and work environment factors were determined to be of highest importance: (1) excessively long working hours, (2) excessive workload, (3) inability to balance work and free time, (4) uncompetitive salary. The research results show that the factors determining the auditors' decision to leave the profession do not differ significantly, regardless of the time when the auditors left the profession. However, it should be noted that auditors who left the profession in later years were more influenced by dissatisfaction with the factors of working conditions (workload, working hours, balancing work and free time, uncompetitive salary). This indicates that in recent years, with the growth of the Lithuanian economy and in general, more availability of different opportunities to pursue a career in various directions, the younger generation of auditors perceive and accept the complexity of audit work and the remuneration for it differently and choose other, more attractive work alternatives.

A study of the workers’ working conditions in areas of the manufacture castings from copper alloys

The results of the study of workers working conditions at the areas of the manufacture of castings from copper alloys are presented. It is noted that the main production factors of working conditions are noise, vibration, dustiness, gas contamination, temperature, intensity of infrared (thermal) radiation, severity and labor process intensity. The results have shown that at all workplaces there are exceedances of permissible values for noise and local vibration, the content of dust and harmful substances in the air of the working environment, the intensity of infrared (thermal) radiation and temperature. It is noted that the work performed due to the severity and labor process intensity can negatively affect the workers’ health.

The impact of factors of the production environment on workers in the foundry

The production factors of working conditions at the workplaces of foundry workers are considered, the actual values of the parameters under consideration and their impact on the body of workers are given. The most common among foundry workers are diseases from exposure to dust (silicosis and dust bronchitis), vibration (vibration disease), and noise (sensor neural hearing loss). When assessing the working conditions of workers in foundries, it is necessary to take into account the impact of a complex of factors of the production environment, the technological processes and equipment used, the duration of stay working in the zone of factors.

Problems of hygienic regulation of working conditions in civil aviation and ways to solve them (literature review)

The analysis of the current and cancelled documents concerning the regulation of working conditions in civil aviation (CA) is carried out. There have been established significant factors of working environment and workload, their relationship with indicators of the health status of flight personnel, the development of fatigue and the risks of aviation accidents (AA) has been proved. The design of the study included a multifactorial analysis of the impact of working conditions on the functional state, occupational morbidity and accident rate of CA pilots with the establishment of a list of mandatory factors for rationing and control of the production environment and the labour process. The analysis of sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions, health data was carried out based on the results of retrospective studies of the clinic of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”, publications indexed in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI and official statistical collections. Own experimental studies were conducted among one hundred twenty pilots of the case-control type, including the analysis of 10324 standard operating procedures for aircraft management, 59670 studies within the framework of psychophysiological testing, as well as the analysis of 83 AA. The necessity of adjusting the regulatory framework with the expansion of indicators for the normalization of working conditions in terms of the intensity of the labour process is proved. New criteria are proposed to be used for assessing information, intellectual, emotional loads, expanding the boundaries of sensory loads with the allocation of class 3.3 - according factors working load. Proposals have been developed to make additions to SP 2.5.3650-20 for flight crew members and air traffic controllers concerning requirements for all missed and obligatory factors of working conditions; a list of production factors obligatory for control during a special assessment of working conditions at the workplaces of aircraft crew members; new methodological documents relating to the assessment of indicators of the intensity of the labour process, the assessment of the personal risk of fatigue in pilots, conducting psychophysiological studies using a video oculograph, the procedure for conducting special assessment of working conditions, a general assessment of professional risks intended for the implementation of regulatory requirements.

A novel trajectory online planning and under-actuated control method on positioning and anti-swing for bridge cranes

The conventional bridge crane hoisting control method is limited by the complex factors of working conditions and generally adopts cumbersome off-line planning. In view of the problem of the inertia swing of the load caused by the trolley hauling the lifting rope during the transportation of the bridge crane, the trajectory off-line planning methods with the open-loop bring the control parameters to be complicated and tedious. A novel trajectory online planning and under-actuated control method on positioning and anti-swing for the bridge crane is proposed. According to the smooth positioning trajectory, the relationship among the motion parameters of the trolley, load swing angle, and other model parameters in the dynamic model are analyzed. With the dynamic coupling relationship between trolley motion and load swing, the function of anti-swing is designed online without changing the positioning performance. The trajectory online planning of the positioning and anti-swaying is accomplished. With the experimental and programming, the proposed method is compared with other different planning methods. The results show that this method can effectively realize the positioning and eliminating pendulum, and has the convenience of online adjusting parameters and fast response.

Comprehensive Assessment of Biological Substrates of Professional Sick Person Group by Chemometric and Nuclear Physical Methods

The article deals with the influence of negative factors of working conditions on the health status of NSC KIPT personnel when working with beryllium. Beryllium and its compounds render a general toxic, allergenic and carcinogenic effect on the organism. The high biological activity and toxicity of Be is due to its chemical activity and penetrating ability. The chronic professional disease such as berylliosis occurs as a result of prolonged systematic exposure on the organism of adverse factors. Elemental analysis of biosubstrates provides important information, that in combination with symptoms and other laboratory parameters, can help in the early diagnostics of physiological violations associated with metabolic disorders and exposure of toxic elements. The blood and hair samples were taken from 28 people, among which 5 patients were selected as a control group, and a group of 23 people were former employees of the beryllium production. The content of chemical elements in the biological substrates (blood and hair) of employees was determined by nuclear-physical methods. An elemental analysis was performed on the analytical nuclear physics complex appliance “Sokol”. The methods based on registration of characteristic X-ray radiation of atoms and g-radiation of nuclei excited by accelerated protons is used. After measurements, data arrays were obtained on the content of 14 chemical elements (N, Na, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr, Pb) in blood and hair. The processing of data arrays was carried out using the principal component method which is related to chemometrics technologies. As a result of the work, an analytical program was composed in MATLAB codes which were used to determine the content of elements in biosubstrates that are most sensitive to changes in external conditions. This made it possible to identify certain groups of patients who have different health state indicators, as well as to see the similarities or differences between patients depending on the different concentrations of chemical elements in the blood or hair.

Subjective assessment of the quality of life associated with health, workers in the production of chemical fibers

Nrtiduction. Workers in the production of chemical fibers in the course of their work are exposed to a complex of harmful factors of working conditions that have a negative impact on their health, but their determining impact on the quality of life has not yet been sufficiently studied. Material and methods. A one-stage (cross-sectional) study of the subjective assessment of the quality of life of one hundred thirty five workers in the production of polyacrylonitrile fiber was carried out using a non-specific questionnaire for assessing the health status SF-36. Results. Workers in the production of polyacrylonitrile fibers were shown to highly rated their physical condition. In contrast to their psychological state, the value of the average total indicator of “mental health component” was 48.42±0.54 points, which was statistically significantly lower than the value (54.78±0.36 points) of the total indicator of the physical component (p> 0.05 according to W-Wilcoxon criterion), and corresponded to the average assessment. Men rated quality of life (QOL) more highly on the “physical functioning” scale, women - on the “mental health” scale (p = 0.027 according to the Mann-Whitney U-test). A statistically significant correlation was established between the objective criteria of the level of health (the index of functional changes and the level of physical condition) and an assessment of QOL on the scales of “vital activity” and “mental health”. This indicated to a decline in the QOL in workers against the background of an decrease in the body’s adaptive reserves with increasing age and work experience and low social activity. The limitations of the study are determined by the area of study of production factors that determine health disorders and QOL in workers in the production of polyacrylonitrile fibers, and psychosocial attitudes of the respondents . Conclusion. Workers in the production of polyacrylonitrile fibers over the age of 60 and workers with work experience of 21 years or more are high-risk groups and need adequate and timely measures to restore functional reserves, maintain health and psychologically correct the quality of life.

РАЗРАБОТКА МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ ПО УЛУЧШЕНИЮ УСЛОВИЙ ТРУДА СТАНОЧНИКА-РАСПИЛОВЩИКА МЕБЕЛЬНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

The article presents the results of a hygienic assessment of harmful and dangerous production factors of working conditions in furniture production and formulates recommendations for improving labor safety

Hubungan Kesiapan Menghadapi Perubahan dan Dukungan Organisasi terhadap Stres Kerja pada Aparatur Sipil Negara Dinas Kominfo Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara

The purpose of this study is to see: Relationship Readiness To Changes And Organizational Support with Work Stress in Civil Servants Of The Information Service Kutacane Southeast Aceh. This study was conducted on 99 civil servants with total sampling techniques. Data retrieval by scale method is the scale of readiness to changes, the scale of organizational support and the scale of work stress. Analyze data using Multiple Regression. The results showed; 1.There is a very significant relationship between readiness to change and organizational support with work stress. Based on the results of this study, it can be stated that the hypothesis proposed in this study is accepted. 2. There is a very significant negative relationship between readiness to changes and work stress. This means that the higher the readiness to changes, the lower the work stress. 3. There is a very significant negative relationship between organizational support and work stress. This means that the higher the organization's support, the lower the work stress. variable readiness to changes and organizational support contributed to work stress by 32.4%. Separately, readiness for change contributed 20.8% to high low work stress, while organizational support contributed 19.8% to high low work stress. From these results, it is known that there are still 67.6% influence of other variables on work stress, where other factors in this study are not seen, including factors of working conditions, ambiguity, interpersonal factors, career development and organizational structure.

Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Workers of the Main Occupations Exposed to Fine Particulate Matter in Potassium Chloride Production

Background: Workplace air pollution with fine particulate matter in industrial premises contributes to imbalance of nonspecific and specific immunity factors, increasing the risk of developing premorbid conditions in workers. Objective: To study the features of phagocytic activity and subpopulation T-lymphocytes composition in workers engaged in the potassium chloride production. Material and methods: The study was conducted in 2019–2022 within the Research Program of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing on hygiene problems, Clause 2.2.18 “Development of approaches to early diagnosis of production-related diseases using genomic and postgenomic analysis technologies in workers associated with harmful factors of working conditions”, R&D No. 121081900044-4. The observation group consisted of 54 workers of the main occupations exposed, inter alia, to fine respirable particulate matter in potassium chloride production. The comparison group included 67 individuals having no occupational exposure to industrial hazards. We evaluated the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood leukocytes and determined the level of CD25+ and CD95+ differentiation cluster expression on T-lymphocytes by flow cytometry. Results: We measured high airborne concentrations of fine particles at workplaces of mill, centrifuge and filter operators, granulation and drying workers that were 6.6 and 7 times higher than those of PM2.5 and PM10 in the working environment of the administrative staff, respectively. We also observed that the ability of neutrophils to absorb and digest foreign particles was 20 % lower in the workers of the observation group (p = 0.047), while the proportions of CD25+ and CD95+ lymphocytes in them were 30 % and 60 % lower than those in the comparison group, respectively (p = 0.001–0.046). Conclusion: We established the effect of fine particulate matter as a priority workplace air pollutant on innate and adaptive immunity in workers of the main occupations in the potassium chloride production facility. Parameters of innate (phagocytic number) and adaptive (CD25+ and CD95+ lymphocytes) immunity are recommended for use in early diagnosis of immune dysfunction and the development of occupational diseases in workers with inhalation exposure to fine particles.

The integrated working conditions and labor safety assessment in foundries

The results of research on working conditions and labor safety assessment in foundries are presented. The production factors of working conditions in foundries with different types of production and their impact on injuries and professional incidence of workers are considered. Recommendations to improve working conditions and reduce their impact on foundry workers are given.

Current aspects of occupational hearing loss in agricultural workers

Introduction. Agricultural workers belong to the cohort of increased risk of developing occupational hearing loss (OHL). When studying occupational sensorineural hearing loss (SHL), researchers usually limit themselves to stating its share in the structure of occupational diseases without a comprehensive analysis of the initiating occupational factors and the relationship between the development of the disease with the age of employees and occupational experience. Materials and methods. The study is based on data on working conditions and occupational diseases by type of economic activity “Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming” in the Saratov region from 2000 to 2019. The assessment of the factors of working conditions was carried out using the methods of the current hygienic classification. Generally accepted indicators were used to characterize occupational diseases. Linear regression analysis and polynomial equations were used to describe trend models of the prevalence of occupational diseases. Calculations and data analysis was carried out based on Microsoft Excel and Statistica application software packages. Results. Occupational hearing loss occupied the fourth rank after dorsopathies, vibration disease and chronic brucellosis in the nosological structure of accumulated occupational diseases. The level of primary incidence of SHL was in the range of 0.11 - 0.71 per 10000 workers. All cases of OHL were detected in agricultural machine operators whose harmful working conditions were characterized by a synergy of industrial noise (classes 3.1-3.3) and general vibration (classes 2-3.2). For the most part, SHL was diagnosed in workers aged 50 to 60 years with a work experience of 8 to 42 years in the profession and acted as the second or third concomitant occupational disease associated with dorsopathy, vibration disease or bronchopulmonary diseases. Conclusion. The absence of a statistically significant decrease in the level of PPP among agricultural workers during the observation period indicates the insufficient effectiveness of preventive measures to minimise occupational noise exposure.

Improving the methodology for assessing occupational risk in workers under the influence of physical factors

Introduction. One of the main factors shaping the health of the working population is occupation conditions. According to official statistics, about a quarter of employees are exposed to production factors that do not meet sanitary standards. Materials and methods. A study of the working conditions and health of workers of the leading professional groups of mining and mechanical engineering enterprises, including an assessment of the occupational doses of noise and vibration, was conducted; morbidity with a temporary disability (TDA), occupational morbidity, clinical and laboratory indicators, including the leading indicators of hemodynamics, integral indicators of the cardiovascular system, the rate of acceleration of ageing, types of adaptive reactions of the body, the analysis of endothelin concentration, the state of the antioxidant status and lipid spectrum, indicators of rheovasography and stimulation electroneuromyography of the extremities, bone-dystrophic changes according to radiography and ultrasound bone sonometry, psychological testing data. Results. The main harmful factors of working conditions of workers of the leading professional groups of mining and machine-building enterprises are noise, vibration (general and local), and the labour process’s severity. According to the results of the analysis of the incidence of TDA, diseases of risk at all studied enterprises are the pathology of the respiratory and musculoskeletal systems. The first rank place in the structure of occupational pathology is occupied by vibration disease. An increase in the integral indicators of the cardiovascular system activity, characterizing the tension of adaptive mechanisms in the group of trained workers, was revealed. According to the study, the characteristic early signs of markers of the risk of developing occupational diseases are an increase in the concentration of endothelin and a decrease in the rate of excitation along with the motor and sensory fibres of the peripheral nerves. Conclusion. Based on the results obtained, prevention and rehabilitation programs have been developed, taking into account the calculated probationary doses of noise and vibration, the detected early signs of occupational diseases, aimed at preventing the development of health disorders and restoring damaged functions in workers exposed to physical factors of the production environment.

The method of comprehensive assessment of working conditions in the foundry production

The method of a comprehensive assessment of the working conditions of workers in foundries is given. The main production factors of working conditions are determined and a relative complex indicator is introduced that takes into account the considered factors of working conditions. Correction coefficients for each production factor are determined, taking into account their impact on the human body.The equation for calculating the complex indicator was obtained, which made it possible to establish classes of foundries (sections) according to working conditions. The results of calculations of the complex indicator for noise and total for all production factors in foundries with different production patterns are presented.

Classification of production factors of foundry production

The classification of production factors of working conditions at the workplaces of the main equipment used in the foundry is given. This classification is developed on the basis of the results of the conducted research and based on the materials given in the domestic and foreign literature.This allows us to evaluate the technological processes and equipment used in the design and reconstruction of foundries (sections) to ensure the most favorable working conditions.

The impact of the labor process severity on the formation of health disorders of protected ground grower

Introduction. The severity of the labor process is one of the leading harmful factors of working conditions in greenhouse vegetable growing. Nevertheless, its influence on the formation of health disorders of vegetable growers has not been sufficiently studied. Material and methods. Physiological, hygienic and epidemiological studies were carried out, which included an assessment of the severity of work in the annual cycle, also the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system and the neuromuscular system in the dynamics of the work shift, the general morbidity of vegetable growers according to registration forms No. 025/y. Results. During the labor activity, vegetable growers were established to be exposed to physical overloads caused by the severity of the labor process (classes 3.2, 3.3) in combination with a heating microclimate (classes 3.1-3.3). By the end of the work shift, there was an increase relative to the initial levels of heart rate (p<0.05), a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, a reduction of maximum muscle strength (by 3.76-5.28%), and endurance of the muscles of the hands (by 18.5-33.15%). This indicated a decrease in working capacity and an increase in fatigue. A reduction in the Skibinski index (by 21.7%) and an increase in the index of resistance to hypoxia (by 38.9%) indicated a decrease in the body’s reserves of oxygen. Increased working levels of the index of functional changes testify about the tension of adaptation mechanisms and insufficient restoration of the body’s resources by the beginning of the shift. A decrease in the body’s physical condition and adaptive capabilities with an increase in professional experience was revealed (p<0.05). There were established statistically significant direct correlations between the prevalence of diseases of the circulatory system (r=0.6), musculoskeletal system, and connective tissue (r=0.35) with work experience in the profession (p<0.05). Conclusion. The revealed violations of the functional state and health of female vegetable growers result from the influence of physical overload in a heating microclimate. The priority measures for the prevention of health disorders of vegetable growers are to reduce physical overload and thermal effects of the working environment.

Improvement of Workplace Environment That Affects Motivation of Japanese Dental Hygienists.

Dental hygienists are in high demand due to insufficient workforce and a lack of an effective reinstatement support system. We investigated the reasons for willingness to work by analyzing the survey results of the employment status of Japanese dental hygienists conducted by Japan Dental Hygienists’ Association. In total, we mailed 16,113 questionnaires to all members of the association (response rate 53.4%). We carried out statistical analysis to determine the specific items to improve the hygienists’ working environment. Fourteen factors of working conditions that they wish to improve were determined. Structural equation modeling showed that a path, “Reduction of work volume”, “Reduction of working hours” and “Increased number of holidays” were higher than other items. A decision analysis demonstrated that most of the respondents answered “Yes” to “Improvement in working conditions including higher salary” out of those who answered, “Strongly disagree” for “Do you feel that dental hygienist work is rewarding?”. Improving workplace environment is integral to keeping high levels of work motivation and a low turnover rate. Most of the hygienists wish for a salary raise among all the conditions. The transition from conventional work styles to non-conventional flexible working patterns is needed.

How to meet employees' expectations in terms of job satisfaction and stabilisation in the agribusiness industry

Motivation is one of the most important management tools to ensure employees' job satisfaction and stabilisation. Effective motivation programmes can only be developed through an in-depth understanding of employee motivation profiles. The aim of this paper is to analyse the motivation factors of employees in terms of their job satisfaction and stabilisation in the agribusiness industry. The methodological framework of the survey is Herzberg's two-factor motivation theory. Independent variables were tested using test statistic methods with the most significant deviations. An independent t-test was used for each motivation factor. The biggest negative deviations were found in the factors of income, responsibility and working conditions, employee benefits, content of work, its recognition and the possibility of advancement. A statistically significant difference was found at the age and education of respondents. Younger employees and university-educated employees showed a marked difference between their expectations and satisfaction by employers.

Computer State Monitoring and Fault Intelligent Identification of Monitoring Electronic Equipment in Highway Environment

ABSTRACT The monitoring system can improve the effective use of the expressway. It is a necessary part of ensuring the expressway to achieve high-speed, safety and comfort functions. It is also a necessary means to ensure the normal operation of the expressway. The construction of the monitoring system directly affects the operation management system and operation management mode. This article analyses the reasonable construction and function of the monitoring management system, expounds the reasonable selection and layout of vehicle detectors and cameras, and conducts in-depth research and analysis on the layout of variable information boards and variable speed limit signs. Aiming at the problem of the difference in the distribution of monitoring data caused by the fluctuation of the equipment working condition, which leads to the failure of the original diagnosis model and the reduction of the fault intelligent recognition rate, a deep domain adaptive method is proposed. Through deep feature mapping, interference factors of working conditions are eliminated, and insensitive features of working conditions are excavated. In addition, a method for determining the parameters of a deep mapping network is proposed to achieve the best domain adaptation effect. The test results show that, compared with artificial features, the representation features of deep network mining are more robust to data fluctuations; compared with shallow transfer learning, deep networks have stronger domain adaptability and cross-working fault diagnosis correct rate is also higher.

IMPACT OF ROAD TRAFFIC ON DRIVER REACTION TIME

The main problem of driving safety in the dark for drivers is the recognition of elements of the traffic situation. Changes in the characteristics of visual perception are due to changes in illumination, brightness of the color contrast of important and significant for the driver stimuli during movement. It is the recognition of existing obstacles in terms of contrast and brightness that is the biggest problem for drivers. When driving at night, drivers are prone to dazzle, they are less able to distinguish colors, and the field of view is significantly reduced. The availability of technical means for regulating traffic in accordance with road conditions and pedestrian traffic in the dark are the main means that allow the driver to navigate while driving. The driver's reaction time to the appearance of danger is decisive in the event of conflict situations in the dark. Driver reaction time is an important indicator of road safety. The reaction time is constantly changing and depends on many factors of working conditions, the functional state of the driver. Working conditions cause fatigue and emotional stress. The change in reaction time depends on the state of health, the intake of certain medications, the state of drug and alcohol intoxication, etc. In addition, a person's age, gender and experience also affect the reaction time. A simpler and more effective method for studying the distribution of reaction time and patterns of change is the use of an individual car with recording equipment. It has been proven that car drivers can keep their distance, brake synchronously and maintain braking force in accordance with the leading car braking and being in front. Therefore, to study the parameters of movement along the route, we used the device racelogic "VideoVbox". Experimental studies on city streets at night have been carried out, have shown the relationship between the driver's reaction time and traffic conditions. The study involved drivers between the ages of 20 and 40. As a result, regularities were obtained for the change in the reaction time under different lighting conditions and the traffic load factor of the streets. It has been found that with a low load factor, the driver is more likely to be distracted and has a worse reaction time. The optimal load for the driver is a load factor ranging from 0.35-0.55 with the best response times. The constructed model of the driver's reaction time can be used in expert practice to establish the circumstances of the occurrence of road accidents.