Factors Of Urinary Tract Infection Research Articles

DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERISTICS, ETIOLOGICAL AGENTS, AND RISK FACTORS FOR MORTALITY OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN OLDER ADULTS

OBJECTIVE: Urinary tract infections are common in older adults and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to characterize the clinical features, bacterial etiologies, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and risk factors for mortality in elderly patients hospitalized with urinary tract infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were retrospectively analyzed from 118 patients aged ≥65 years hospitalized with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection between January 2018 and December 2022. Urinary tract infections were defined according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Isolated microorganisms in urine cultures and antimicrobial resistance rates were determined. Risk factors associated with mortality were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: 50.8% of patients were female; the mean age was 72.5±7.0 years. The most common symptoms were dysuria (65.3%), anorexia (65.3%), and flank pain (57.6%). Forty-nine patients (41.5%) had nosocomial urinary tract infections. All cause in hospital mortality was observed in 48 patients (40.6%), and 22 patients (18.6%) had in-hospital mortality directly related to urinary tract infection. Urosepsis (OR: 13.518, 95% CI: 1.711-106.793, p=0.014), kidney stones (OR: 7.529, 95% CI: 1.596-35.525, p=0.011) and urinary tract infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (OR: 18. 612, 95% CI: 1.564-4.283, p<0.001) were independent risk factors for mortality, and appropriate treatment (OR: 0.090, 95% CI: -3.736--1.085, p<0.001) was an independent protective factor for mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary tract infections in elderly adults present with a wide range of symptoms and are predominantly caused by drug-resistant Escherichia coli. Urosepsis and kidney stones are critical determinants of mortality, emphasizing the need for rapid and appropriate management strategies. Understanding the etiology, clinical features, and mortality risk factors of urinary tract infections in elderly adults is crucial for optimizing infection management in this vulnerable population.

Prevalence and risk factors of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli causing urinary tract infections in Iceland during 2012-2021.

To investigate the association of potential risk factors for urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by E. coli producing ESBL vs. not producing ESBL in Iceland. Observational, case-control study including a cohort of 27,747 patients (22,800 females, 4,947 males; 1207 cases, 26,540 controls) of all ages with UTI caused by E. coli in 2012 to 2021 at the clinical microbiology laboratory covering about 2/3 of the Icelandic population. Clinical patient data was obtained from three national databases. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as a measure of association between ESBL and exposure variables. The proportion of samples with ESBL-producing E. coli increased during the study period, from 2.6% in 2012 to 7.6% in 2021 (p < 0.001). ESBL-positive strains were detected in 1207 individuals (4.4%), 905 females (4.0%) and 302 males (6.1%). The following risk factors were identified: Male sex, higher age, institution type (hospital, nursing home), hospital-associated UTI, Charlson comorbidity index score ≥ 3, history of cystitis or hospitalization in the past year, and prescriptions for certain antibiotics or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs: OR 1.51) in the past half year. The antibiotic associated with the highest risk was ciprofloxacin (OR 2.45). The prevalence of UTIs caused by ESBL-producing E. coli has been increasing in Iceland. The strongest risk factors for ESBL production were previous antibiotic use, especially ciprofloxacin, and previous PPI use, both considered to be overprescribed. It is important to promote the prudent use of these drugs.

Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infection in Children

Background &amp; objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause of febrile illness in young children. Due to the absence of overt clinical features in young children, appropriate collection of urine samples, and basic diagnostic tests at first-level health facilities in our country, UTIs are not generally reported as a cause of childhood morbidity. Due to a lack of studies on the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention of UTI in children in our country, the exact picture of this disease is yet unknown. This study is intended to identify the risk factors of UTI in children in our country. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics (both indoor and outdoor) of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, BIRDEM, and Dhaka Medical College Hospital over a period of 1½ years from January 2015 to June 2016. A total of 201 children with signs and symptoms suspected of having urinary tract infections were subjected to urine culture; of them, 98 had definitive UTI and the rest 103 had no UTI or possible UTI. Several factors such as circumcisional status, constipation, encopresis, previous hospital admission, and premature birth were investigated whether they had any role in contributing to the development of UTI. Result: The children with UTIs were relatively young compared to those without UTIs. However, the age incidence of UTI was found to differ by sex. About one-third of UTI cases in boys were found in the first year of life, one-third between 2nd to 3rd year of life, and the rest one-third in 3rd year onwards. However, the peak age incidence in girls was observed to be 3rd year and onwards. In terms of clinical presentation, fever, and anorexia were more or less common (52% and 43.7% respectively), abdominal pain was less common (18%), and irritability and vomiting were seldom observed. The presence of constipation was significantly associated with UTI in children (p = 0.001). Encopresis was considerably higher in the UTI group than in the non-UTI group (p = 0.169). Conclusion: Children with UTI usually present with fever with or without dysuria, frequency, anorexia, and abdominal or loin pain. While boys more often acquire the disease in their infancy, girls usually present with the problem from 3 years during their toilet training. Thus, the children presented with unexplained febrile illness or any other signs and symptoms should be suggested for a urine culture to find the clue of febrile illness. Identification of risk factors of UTI will go a long way in preventing the same illness in the future. Ibrahim Card Med J 2023; 13 (1&amp;2): 60-65

Risk factors for urinary tract infections among nursing home residents initiating sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors

Risk factors for urinary tract infections among nursing home residents initiating sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors

ISR 83 - Limited Mobility as a Risk Factor for Urinary Tract Infections in Home Care Patients

ISR 83 - Limited Mobility as a Risk Factor for Urinary Tract Infections in Home Care Patients

Analysis of Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Study.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infection during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors of UTI during pregnancy. In this study, pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination in our hospital from October 2019 to October 2023 were divided into UTI group and non-UTI group in accordance with whether or not they had a UTI. The general data, clinical data and laboratory indicators of the participants were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the influencing factors of UTI in pregnant women, and the results were shown with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A total of 600 pregnant women were included in the study. The results found that 56 women (9.33%) had a combined UTI. The results of midstream urinary bacterial culture in the UTI group showed that Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 60.71% of all detected pathogenic bacteria, and Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were common strains, accounting for 46.43% and 23.21%, respectively. The proportions of patients in the UTI group who were ≥35 years old, had a high school education or below, had a history of abortion, had gestational diabetes, had ≥three vaginal and anal examinations, had a history of UTI and had urinary tract stones were significantly higher than the non-UTI group (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥35 years (OR = 9.127; 95% CI: 4.668-17.810; p < 0.001), educational level of high school or lower (OR = 4.184; 95% CI: 2.448-7.160; p < 0.001), gestational diabetes (OR = 3.494; 95% CI: 1.789-6.803; p < 0.001), UTI history (OR = 2.074; 95% CI: 1.114-3.834; p < 0.001) and haemoglobin (Hb) <100 g/L (OR = 8.022; 95% CI: 4.532-14.325; p < 0.001) are risk factors for UTI in pregnant women. The common pathogenic bacteria of pregnant women with UTI are mainly Gram-negative bacteria. Older pregnant women, low educational level, gestational diabetes mellitus, history of UTI and anaemia may be risk factors for UTI in pregnant women.

Construction and Verification of Urinary Tract Infection Prediction Model for Hospitalized Rehabilitation Patients with Spinal Cord Injury

ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients with spinal cord injury, and to construct and verify the nomogram prediction model. MethodsThis study is a retrospective cohort study. From January 2017 to March 2022, 558 patients with spinal cord injury admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of a tertiary hospital in Anhui Province, China were selected as the research objects, and they were randomly divided into training group (n=390) and verification group (n=168) according to the ratio of 7: 3, and clinical data including socio-demographic characteristics, disease-related data and laboratory examination data were collected. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients with spinal cord injury. Based on this, a nomogram prediction model was constructed with the use of R software, and the risk prediction efficiency of the nomogram model was verified by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve and calibration curve. ResultsLogistic regression analysis showed that ASIA-E grade (compared with ASIA-A grade) was an independent protective factor for urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients with spinal cord injury (OR<1, P<0.05), while white blood cell count and indwelling catheter were independent risk factors for urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients with spinal cord injury (OR>1, P<0.05). Based on this, a nomogram risk predictive model for predicting urinary tract infection in hospitalized rehabilitation patients with spinal cord injury was constructed, which was proved to have good predictive efficiency. In the training group and the verification group, the area under the ROC curve(AUC) of the nomogram model is 0.808 and 0.767, and the 95%CI of the AUC of the nomogram in the training group and the verification group is 0.760∼0.856 and 0.688∼0.845, indicating the nomogram model has good discrimination. According to the calibration curve, the prediction probability of the nomogram model and the actual frequency of urinary tract infection in the training group and the verification group are in good consistency, and the results of the Hosmer-Lemeshow bias test also suggest that the nomogram model has good calibration degree in both the training group and the verification group (P=0.329, 0.067). ConclusionASIA classification level, white blood cell count and indwelling catheter are independent influencing factors of urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients with spinal cord injury. The nomogram prediction model based on the above factors can simply and effectively predict the risk of urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients with spinal cord injury, which is helpful for clinical medical staff to identify high-risk groups early and implement prevention, treatment and nursing strategies in time.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infection after Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common postoperative complication, so exploring its risk factors is helpful to provide a basis for clinical prevention. This study aims to analyse the risk factors for UTI after lumbar interbody fusion (LIF). A single-centre retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of 358 patients treated with LIF from April 2020 to April 2023. In accordance with the results of postoperative urine culture, the patients were divided into UTI group (n = 19, those with UTI after LIF) and control group (n = 332, those without UTI after LIF). Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out through collecting the medical records of the two groups to probe into the risk factors for UTI after LIF. After seven patients were excluded, the remaining 351 patients were included in the analysis. In this study, 19 patients (5.41%) developed postoperative UTI, whereas 332 patients (94.59%) had no UTI. Regression analysis results showed drinking (odds ratio (OR) = 16.193, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.017-257.860) and high preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) level (OR = 3.237, 95% CI: 1.213-8.636) as risk factors for UTI after LIF. A high professional title of main surgeon (OR = 0.095, 95% CI: 0.010-0.932) and preoperative red blood cell (RBC) count (OR = 0.001, 95% CI: 0.000-0.198) were protective factors for UTI after LIF (p < 0.05). This study advocated strengthening the prevention and treatment of UTI in patients who had drinking history, high preoperative CRP level and low preoperative RBC count, and received LIF based on the study results. Attention should be paid to the training of physicians with low professional title.

Bacterial profile, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors of urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi

The study objective to enhance treatment effectiveness by assessing risk factors, bacterial profiles, and antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens in pregnant women. During the period from March 2023 to August 2023, we examined 210 urine samples obtained frompregnant women. The samples were subjected to uropathogens isolation, identification and susceptibility testing against thirteen antibiotic classes using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method, following standard procedures, to identify uropathogens in cases of significant bacteriuria. In our study there is no significant link found between age, educational level, socioeconomic status, and parity in relation to UTI during pregnancy. In 42% of the samples with significant bacteriuria, Escherichia coli emerged as the predominant uropathogens, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, in that order. E. coli displayed the greatest resistance to ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime, yet demonstrated high susceptibility to meropenem, imipenem, fosfomycin,and amikacin. Furthermore, a significant portion of K. pneumonia isolates exhibited resistance to ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin. For S. saprophytic, resistance was observed against penicillin and gentamicin, although they displayed 100% sensitivity to vancomycin and 81.2% sensitivity to Nitrofurantoin. The current study findings revealed that factors influencing pregnant women's UTI risk, include age, literacy, residence, multigravida, multipara, infection history, and trimester status. Access to clean water sources also played a role, highlighting the importance of addressing these variables in maternal health toreduce UTI incidence. Screening antenatal patients for UTIs is imperative, and it is advisable to conduct regular screenings for pregnant women. This practice helps monitor uropathogens sensitivity patterns and facilitates the development of antibiotic protocols based on local susceptibility data.

Correlation of CD4+ count and viral load with urinary tract infection and antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial uropathogens among HIV patients in Wolaita Sodo, South Ethiopia.

The permanence of HIV patients in healthcare provision centers exposes their weak immunity to various nosocomial microorganisms that migrate into and out of the hospital environment. The incidence of bacterial infections, including urinary tract infection, was inversely correlated with CD4+ T cells. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the clinical problems among HIV patients. There was scarcity of published data on the relationship between viral load, CD4+ level, and UTI. This study aimed to assess the relationship between viral load and CD4 with bacterial UTI among HIV patients. The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Wolaita Sodo Town Health Center ART clinic. The socio-demographic data were collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. Patients' charts were reviewed to collect the current CD4 and viral load. Urine specimens were inoculated on blood agar, cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar, and MacConkey agar, and bacterial species were finally identified using various biochemical methods. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was conducted using standard microbiological tests. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were employed to describe the association between pairs of variables and to examine the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. In this study, the overall prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) was 13.7%. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were bacterial uropathogens detected in this study. E.coli (45.7%) was the predominant isolate followed by S. aureus (14.3%). Positive correlation between CD4+ count and urinary tract infection was detected and found statistically significant (r = 0.288 p > 0.01), whereas the viral load and urinary tract infection negatively correlated and showed statistically significant association (p < 0.01). The resistance rate of E.coli was 94%, 75%, and 69% to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and cefepime, respectively. This study revealed that E.coli exhibited 94% and 75% resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and tetracycline, respectively. K. pneumoniae demonstrated complete resistance (100%) to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while showing 100% susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin. In the present study, the magnitude of the multi-drug resistance (MDR) was found to be 80%. CD4+ count, combination of antiretroviral therapy (ART) drugs, and a history of hospitalization were risk factors for urinary tract infection. In the current study, urinary tract infection emerged as a significant health concern among people living with HIV following their ART. The occurrence of urinary tract infection among HIV patients could be influenced by multifactorial factors that require further study. The CD4+ count was positively correlated with the prevalence of UTI, whereas the viral load was negatively correlated. The CD4+ count, combination of ART, and history of hospitalization were independent risk factors for UTI. The prevalence of MDR bacterial pathogens were notably high. Therefore, the treatment of UTI in HIV patients should be prescribed based on antibacterial susceptibility testing results.

Identifying modifiable risk factors for urinary tract infections after benign hysterectomies using ACS-NSQIP

Identifying modifiable risk factors for urinary tract infections after benign hysterectomies using ACS-NSQIP

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Urinary Tract Infections among Diabetic Patients: A Study at Kiryandongo Hospital, Uganda

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose a significant health concern, especially among individuals with diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of UTIs among diabetic patients attending Kiryandongo Hospital in Uganda. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed, and data were collected using structured questionnaires. A total of 86 diabetic patients participated, with the majority being aged ≥50 years, married, and residing in rural areas. The prevalence of UTI among the studied patients was 14.0%. Age, sex, area of residence, duration of diabetes, history of UTI, and history of catheterization were identified as significant predictors of UTI. Females, older individuals, those with a longer duration of diabetes, and a history of UTI or catheterization were at higher risk of UTIs. These findings underscore the importance of screening and early treatment of UTIs in diabetic patients to mitigate associated complications andimprove health outcomes. Public health interventions aimed at UTI prevention and management should be prioritized among diabetic populations. Keywords: Urinary Tract Infections; Diabetes Mellitus; Prevalence; Associated Factors; Uganda Keywords: Urinary Tract Infections; Diabetes Mellitus; Patients, Glucose

IJCM_279A: Evaluation of diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for urinary tract infection in women: A case control study

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) disrupts insulin production and function leads to hyperglycaemia and subsequently exacerbating the risk of complications. Studies highlight hyperglycaemia’s impact on neutrophil function, predisposing diabetic patients to severe infections like pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and skin issues. Objectives: To quantify DM’s contribution to UTI development, and to assess the risk of contracting UTI conferred by diabetes mellitus in otherwise healthy women and to characterize the UTI in the cases. Methodology: The case control study was conducted among 200 participants (100 cases with UTI and 100 controls without UTI) from 3 hospitals affiliated to Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. The data were collected using a structured proforma. Chi – square test and students ‘t’ test was used for comparison of the results across the groups. Results: Patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) showed a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (27.66%) compared to controls (7.45%). The UTI patients were 4.75 times more likely to have DM. Diabetic UTI cases exhibited elevated glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) and random blood sugar levels than controls. Complicated UTIs were more prevalent in diabetic (77%) than non-diabetic (60%) UTI cases, with E. coli being the most common infecting organism. Conclusion: The uncontrolled diabetes mellitus confers an increased risk of developing UTI and the risk of developing UTI caused by organisms which are not known to cause infections in people with normal immunity (like Candida species). Additionally, diabetics show a higher proportion of complicated UTI cases as compared to non-diabetics.

Лечение вестибуло-вагинальной гипоспадии.

Introduction. Vestibulovaginal hypospadias is a rare pathology, which is an embryonic malformation of both the urinary and reproductive systems. Various surgical methods are used to treat this malformation, the results of which are not always positive. Purpose. To develop a surgical correction option for vestibulovaginal hypospadias. Materials and methods. 16 girls with svestibular-vaginal hypospadias were observed. 8 girls underwent surgery – isolation of the urethra from the external opening to the neck of the bladder and moving it below the clitoris. Results. The vulvo-vaginal form was manifested by dystopia of the external urethral opening. All had vulvitis, vaginitis, chronic cystitis and pyelonephritis. X-ray examination revealed Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in 6 children, and ureterohydronephrosis in 2 children. All girls were treated conservatively with temporary success. Surgical treatment was performed in 8 girls with good long-term results. Conclusion. The ineffectiveness of long-term therapy for vulvitis, vaginitis, cystitis, and chronic pyelonephritis is an indication for surgical treatment of vestibulovaginal hypospadias. Permanent trauma to the external opening of the urethra during coitus is a predisposing factor for urinary tract infection in mature women. Correction of an abnormal urethra in childhood serves as a prevention of postcoital complications in the future.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Urinary Tract Infections among Diabetes Mellitus Patients at KIU-TH from January to December 2022

Globally, an estimated 150 million individuals are affected by urinary tract infections (UTIs) every year, with a significant number of those affected being diabetics. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reported that in the year 2019, there were about 60 million cases of patients suffering from diabetes who developed UTIs. The study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of urinary tract infections among diabetic mellitus patients in the medical ward at KIUTH. The objectives were to find out the prevalence and the factors associated with urinary tract infections among diabetic patients in the medical ward of KIU-TH. The study was descriptive, and it involved 87 patient files selected by purposive sampling, in which a checklist was the main tool of data collection. The study showed that female gender was significantly associated with the occurrence of urinary tract infection in diabetic patients at OR 0.17 (0.05–4.29) and PV 0.01. The study also shows that having other disease comorbidities was significantly associated with the occurrence of UTI among diabetic patients at OR 0.58 (0.35-8.07) and PV 0.002. The study also shows that having late diabetic disease among diabetic patients was also significantly associated with the occurrence of UTI among diabetic patients at OR 0.69 (0.35-8.19) and PV 0.004. The study concluded that 48 (55.2%) of diabetic patients had had a urinary tract infection, and therefore the study recommends that diabetic patients should be health educated on the causes and control of UTI so as to prevent their occurrences. The study also recommends that the government increase service provisions like treatments to reduce the occurrence of opportunistic conditions in UTIs, and the patients should be encouraged to seek regular medical checkups so that they monitor disease progression. Keywords: Diabetics, UTIs, Patients, Diabetes mellitus.

Risk Factors for Urinary Tract Infections in Children with Hematuria in the Emergency Department.

Hematuria is a worrisome symptom in children and is sometimes associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to identify useful clinical factors that can predict UTIs in hematuria patients without pyuria in the pediatric emergency department (ED). We retrospectively recruited patients with hematuria from the pediatric ED. Clinical symptoms, urine biochemistry and microscopic examination results, and blood laboratory tests were analyzed to identify the predictors of UTIs. Patients were divided into the verbal group (age ≥ 2 years) and non-verbal group (age < 2 years) for identifying predictors of UTIs. Causes of hematuria were also investigated. A total of 161 patients with hematuria without pyuria were evaluated. Among symptoms, dysuria was significantly correlated with UTIs. Regarding urine biochemistry data, urine esterase and urine protein > 30 mg/dl were found to be significant parameters for predicting UTIs, while urine esterase and urine nitrite showed significant differences in children with age < 2 years. In the urine microscopic examinations, urine red blood cells (RBC) > 373/µL in children aged ≥ 2 years and urine RBC > 8/µL in children aged < 2 years were associated with UTIs. In addition, UTIs and urinary tract stones were found to be the top two causes of hematuria. Dysuria, urine esterase, urine nitrite, and urine protein may be useful parameters for predicting UTIs in pediatric patients with hematuria but no pyuria in the ED. In addition, a UTI was the most commonly identified etiology of hematuria without pyuria, followed by urinary tract stones.

Incidence and risk factors of urinary tract infection in hospitalized patients with spinal cord injury in a hospital of China

Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) can have significant morbidity. There is currently a lack of relevant data in China. This study explores incidence and risk factors of UTI in hospitalized patients with SCI in China, and will help healthcare professionals to make informed clinical decisions to reduce the incidence of UTI. This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of patients with SCI who were hospitalized at three campuses of a hospital in central China between August 2014 and August 2023. The files of patients with SCI were reviewed for demographics and clinical characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with UTI. A total of 538 patients were included in this study. The incidence of UTI was 49.8%. Sex, hypoproteinemia, urinary incontinence, bladder irrigation, timing of rehabilitation, duration of indwelling urinary catheter were risk factors of UTI. The implementation of specific preventive measures is anticipated to result in a decrease in the occurrence of UTI among individuals with SCI, consequently enhancing their overall quality of life and prognosis.

TRACING THE ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTI-BIOFILM ACTIVITIES OF ROOT EXTRACT BAJAKAH TAMPALA (SPATHOLOBUS LITTORALIS HASSK)

Biofilm is a common causative factor for urinary tract infections due to catheter usage with a percentage of infection around 70-80%. The Bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) is one of native plants of Kalimantan which contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins which are proven to accelerate wound healing, have antibacterial activity, and have very high and strong antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of bajakah root extract (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) on catheter colonies of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans and to determine their mechanism of action in vitro. This research is carried out with an in vitro experimental study design using a microplate reader. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The results showed that the ethanol extract of Bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) had antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a concentration of 1% w/v of 88.33% ± 0.01 and anti-biofilm activity of 82.21% ± 0.01. E. Coli bacteria had an antibacterial activity of 84.83% and an anti-biofilm activity of 80.11 at a concentration of 1% w/v. C. albicans had an antifungal activity at a concentration of 1% w/v of 82.31% ± 0.01 and anti-biofilm activity of 77.00% ± 0.01. From these results it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) has antibacterial and antifungal activities and the potential as a new anti-biofilm agent against S.aureus, E. coli and C. albicans

Risk factors for urinary tract infection in infants with unexplained hyperbilirubinemia: a single center case-control study

BackgroundUrinary tract infection (UTI) is a potential cause of neonatal jaundice. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of consensus regarding appropriate screening practices for UTI in infants with hyperbilirubinemia. This study aimed to analyze a group of jaundiced infants to assess the prevalence of UTI, explore potential risk factors, and examine the impact of UTI on the course and severity of neonatal jaundice.MethodsThis retrospective case-control study was conducted on 150 jaundiced infants (aged &amp;lt; 8 weeks) without a known etiology in the hyperbilirubinemia work-up. All subjects underwent phototherapy treatment and UTI screening by catheterization. They were then classified into UTI and non-UTI groups based on urine culture results, with a positive urine culture indicating the growth of ≥10,000 colony-forming units. The clinical characteristics and jaundice-related parameters of both groups were analyzed.ResultsAmong the 150 jaundiced patients, the prevalence of UTI was 29%. There was a significantly higher male predominance in the UTI group, and patients with UTI also had a significantly longer duration of hospitalization compared to those without UTI. Significant risk factors associated with UTI in jaundiced infants included male gender and a peak total bilirubin level higher than 18 mg/dl during hospitalization. The most common pathogens identified in urine culture were Escherichia coli (41.9%) and Enterococcus faecalis (30.2%).ConclusionIn cases of neonatal jaundice where the underlying cause is not evident, screening for UTI should be performed, particularly when associated risk factors or inadequate response to phototherapy is present.

Exploring the nexus: prevalence, risk factors, and clinical correlations of urinary tract infections in diabetes mellitus patients - a comprehensive retrospective analysis

Aims: This study investigates the frequency and associated factors of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: This retrospective chart review focused on patients with diabetes mellitus. Data collection involved demographic details, DM diagnosis, comorbidities such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease, along with medication usage. Laboratory values including blood glucose and HbA1c levels were also analyzed. The primary outcome of interest was the diagnosis of UTI, identified from clinical records. Results: 173 DM patients were included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of UTI: 52 patients in the UTI group and 121 patients in the non-UTI group. The incidence of UTI was significantly higher in women (37.9%) compared to men (10.2%). No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of age, presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or coronary artery disease. Interestingly, the usage of SGLT-2 inhibitors was significantly higher in the UTI group compared to the non-UTI group (26.8% vs. 14%, p=0.043). No significant differences were found in other medication usage or in the levels of glucose and HbA1c between the groups. Conclusion: The study highlights the increased risk of UTIs in DM patients, particularly among women and those using SGLT-2 inhibitors. These findings suggest the need for careful monitoring and tailored approaches in managing UTIs in DM patients, considering gender and specific DM treatments.