Factorial Complete Randomized Block Design Research Articles

Spacing, Fertilizer and PGPR on Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa) and Chemical Properties of Soil

A field experiment was conducted to assess the influence of spacing, fertilizer levels and PGPR on yield and primary nutrients accumulation in different parts of industrial hemp and on chemical properties of soil. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design, spacing and fertilizers levels with or without PGPR were the factors. The results revealed, plants spaced at 15cm × 10cm registered significant yield of leaves, stems and roots (7.84, 9.80 and 4.20 t ha-1 respectively). The uptake of nitrogen and potassium (450.32 and 159.13 kg ha-1 respectively) was highest in this spacing, while, the phosphorous uptake (75.74 kg ha-1) was maximum in 10cm × 5cm spacing. Among nutrition, 125 percent RDF plus PGPR recorded a significant yield of stem and seed, also, this treatment resulted in maximum uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus (440.33 and 72.58 kg ha-1 respectively) by the plants. It can be inferred that spacing of 15cm × 10cm and application of 10 tonnes FYM with 250:125:250 kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 (125% RDF) plus PGPR consortia (Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus megaterium @ 5kg each) was found to be optimum to produce higher yields.

Potential of The Biological Agent Bacillus spp in Inhibiting Fusarium Wild Disease and its Effects on The Growth and Production of Cayenne Papper (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a horticultural crop in Indonesia that often has many obstacles. The main obstacle that is often faced is wilt disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Bacillus spp. bacteria have the potential to control the fungus F. oxysporum. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of Bacillus spp. bacteria in controlling fusarium wilt disease. This research was conducted from August to November 2023 at the Plant Health Laboratory and screen house of the Faculty of Agriculture, National Development University "Veteran" East Java. The study used a Factorial Complete Randomized Block Design with three replications and nine treatments so that there were 27 experimental units. The observation variables included incubation period, disease intensity, plant height, number of leaves, first flower appearance and fruit wet weight. The research data were analyzed using ANOVA analysis of variance procedure to determine whether there is an effect of each treatment. If it is known that there is a significantly different effect from the treatment, it will be continued with the DMRT test at the 5% level. The results showed that the combination of Bacillus spp bacteria and dosage had an effect on the incubation period and disease intensity. The results showed that the combination of Bacillus spp bacteria and doses had an effect on vegetative phase parameters, namely plant height and number of leaves. However, the combination of Bacillus spp and dosage showed that the generative phase parameters did not significantly affect the first flower appearance and fruit wet weight

Effect of Varying Thermal Regimes on Yield and Yield Attributes of Mustard Varieties (Brassica juncea L.)

A field experiment was conducted at Agro-meteorological Research Farm, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya, India during 2019-20. The experiment was conducted with Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated four times with nine treatment combinations consisting of three different sowing time D1 (31st October/23.5oC), D2 (10th November/23oC) and D3 (20th November/21oC) and three varieties V1 (Bio-902), V2 (NDR-8501) and V3 (Varuna). Results showed that higher growth and yield was observed when crop was sown on 31st October than other sowing times. Different thermal regimes were found to have a substantial impact on the yield attributes. Among the varieties Varuna gave highest growth and maximum yield as compared to other varieties due to fulfillment of congenial thermal Regime. Maximum utilization of heat from sowing to maturity was obtained when crop was sown on 31st October while minimum utilization of heat was obtained when the crop was sown on 20th November. Hence it can be concluded that the best sowing date of mustard is on 31st October in the early sowing. This study may help to select suitable sowing time under climatic condition of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

Influence of Planting Dates and Biohealth on Growth and Yield of Physalis peruviana L. Plant

An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of planting dates and Biohealth on growth and yield of (Physalis Peruviana L.) plant at field of Directorate of Agriculture Research Center in Erbil, Kurdistan Region – Iraq. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design replicated three with nine treatments, and the experiment included three different Planting dates (2nd February, 17th February and 4th March) and Biohealth doses (0, 8, 16 g/1). The results of the experiment demonstrated that the first date of Planting (2nd February) produced early flowering and the greatest branch number. The maximum plant height and stem diameter were found from 4th March Planting. Moreover, the earliest flowering was recorded from the plant treated with 8 g/L Biohealth and control plant. The greatest numbers of branches and stem diameter were gained from the plant treated with Biohealth 8 g/l. The highest value of plant height was measured in the treatment (control plants + 4th March Planting), while the treatment of (Biohealth 8 g/l + 2nd February) was indicated the greatest number of branches. The shortest flowering period was recorded in the combination of (2nd February without Biohealth) and (2nd February with Biohealth 8 g/L). The best result of total Carotenoid in Physalis peruviana L fruits were gained from the first date (17th February) and third date (4th March) of Planting, while Biohealth 16 g/1 provided the best result of the total carotenoid. The best level of total carotenoid was investigated from the treatment (2nd February + Biohealth 16 g/l).

Influence of Intercropping Green Gram with Two Paddy Varieties on Growth, Yield and its Components to Increase Economic Returns

A field experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka to investigate the effects of intercropping green gram on the growth and yield parameters of two varieties of paddy; Suwandel (traditional variety) and At 307 (improved variety) during the period of July to November 2022. The experiment was laid out in a 2 x 2 Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatments as monocropping Suwandel (T1), intercropping Suwandel with green gram (T2), monocropping At 307 (T3) and intercropping At 307 with green gram (T4), that were replicated five times. Significant differences in leaf area, shoot dry weight, 1000 seeds weight and grain yield were observed in the paddy-green gram intercropping system compared to the monocropping of paddy. Significant synergistic responses were also observed among the treatments, where the leaf area and shoot dry weight were the highest in Suwandel + green gram intercropping system and the 1000 seeds weight was the highest in At 307-green gram intercropping system. However, the cost-benefit analysis revealed that the net profit received from Suwandel + green gram intercropping system was 36.6% higher than the At 307-green gram intercropping system. Therefore, it was evident from the present study that the Suwandel + green gram intercropping system is an environmentally friendly sustainable approach to grow paddy without synthetic fertilizers.

Influence of Different Portions of Vine and Plant Growth Regulators on Growth Parameters of Sweet Potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.

A field experiment was conducted to study the potentiality of different portions of vine and plant growth regulators on growth performance of sweet potato during 2019 and 2020 at vegetable block, College of Horticulture, Munirabad (Koppal), located in the northern dry zone of Karnataka. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with thirteen treatments. Among the two factors, the first factor was different portions of vine for planting consisting basal portion (P1), middle portion (P2) and top portion (P3) and the second factor was plant growth regulators consisting CCC @ 500 ppm (G1), CCC @1000 ppm (G2), Ethrel @ 150 ppm (G3) and Ethrel @ 300 ppm (G4). The control treatments were basal portion of vine (C1), middle portion of vine (C2) and top portion of vine(C3) all without application of growth regulator. Among the different portions of vine used for planting, the top portion of vine recorded significantly higher vine length, Vine inter nodal length, Number of branches per plant and Leaf area. Application of CCC @ 500 ppm was recorded significantly higher growth attributes. The interaction effect of top portion of vine with CCC @ 500 ppm (P3G1) was found to be significantly superior with respect to growth parameters of sweet potato.

Effect of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) on Germination and Seedling Parameters of Maize Varieties

In an experimental framework employing a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (FRBCD), a study was conducted in July 2022 at the Crop Science Institute, NARC, Islamabad. The objective was to assess the impact of different Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) concentrations on two maize cultivars Sargodha 202 and OPV-3 under drought stress conditions. With triplicate replications, each experimental unit consisted of a pot filled with 4.5 kg of dry sand, where 10 seeds were planted. The 45-day study incorporated four treatment groups: T0 (Control), T1 (10% PEG), T2 (20% PEG), and T3 (30% PEG).
 Data analysis revealed that increasing PEG concentrations led to a decline in key parameters such as germination rate, root elongation, and shoot development, while concurrently escalating seedling mortality in both cultivars. Statistical evaluations, carried out through the Least Significant Difference (LSD) method at a 5% significance level, highlighted notable differences between the treatment outcomes. Sargodha 202 exhibited superior performance relative to OPV-3, recording a germination rate of 91.66% as opposed to OPV-3's 83.33%. Furthermore, Sargodha 202 demonstrated enhanced root (13.08 cm) and shoot (50.08 cm) lengths in comparison to OPV-3, which showed 10.58 cm for root and 45.83 cm for shoot length. Sargodha 202 also displayed elevated levels of both root and shoot moisture content and a higher crop growth rate compared to OPV-3. Collectively, these results underscore the greater resilience and adaptability of Sargodha 202 under PEG-induced drought conditions.

A controlled experiment to verify the effect of magnesium fertilizers on soil pH and available soil nutrients in acid soil of Nilgiris, India

An incubation experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions for 60 days to observe the impact of different Magnesium fertilizers on soil chemical properties, i.e. pH, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and DTPA extractable micronutrient cations. A complete factorial complete randomized block design (FCRD)with two replications and six levels was selected as the experimental layout. The levels included were (L0) Absolute control (L1) soil + Mg @ 10 kg ha-1, (L2) soil + Mg @ 20 kg ha-1, (L3) soil + 30 kg ha-1, (L4) soil + 40 kg ha-1, (L5) soil + 50 kg ha-1. Findings revealed that applying magnesium fertilizers to soil significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affects soil parameters. The impacts of magnesium fertilization on soil pH altered with sources and incubation period. The application of CaMg(CO3)2 @ 50 kg ha-1 recorded significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher soil pH (5.67) as compared to MgCO3 @ 50 kg ha-1 that increased the pH up to 5.57 due to the impact of carbonate ion whereas MgSO4.7H2O decreased the soil up to 4.80 because of dissolution of SO42- ions to the soil solution. Applying CaMg(CO3)2 significantly (p ≤ 0.05) influenced soil available N, P, K, Fe, Mn, and Cu content which is due to the decrease in acidity, which indirectly enhanced the nutrient availability. The positive effects persisted throughout the experimental duration, indicating the potential long-term benefits of magnesium fertilization in acid soil management. This study contributes to the current body of knowledge by providing novel insights into applying magnesium fertilizers as an effective strategy for addressing soil acidity and improving nutrient availability in acid soil.

Crop Growth,Yield Attributes,Yield and Quality of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) as Influenced by Spacing and Fertilizer Levels

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season-2019 at Agricultural Research Station, Chintamani, Karnataka. The experiment consisted of four levels of spacing (45 × 15, 45 × 30, 60 × 15, and 60 × 30 cm) and three levels of fertilizer (40:20:20, 60:40:40 and 80:60:60 kg NPK ha-1). The experiment was arranged in a statistical design of Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (FRCBD) with three replications to determine the influence of different spacing and fertilizer levels on growth, yield and quality of chia (Salvia hispanica L). The report of the study indicated that the wider spacing of 60 × 30 cm produced a significantly higher number of primary branches per plant (22.38), secondary branches plant-1 (27.69), Dry matter accumulation plant-1 (146.09 g) and leaf area plant-1 (4292 cm2), number of spikes plant-1 (81.68), number of spikelets spike-1 (28.50), spike length (14.82 cm), seed weight spike-1 (0.23 g), seed yield plant-1 (18.62 g), seed yield (1015.92 kg ha-1), haulm yield (4765.26 kg ha-1), protein (22.93% ) and oil content (29.44%) as compared to 45 × 30, 45 × 15 cm and 60 × 15 cm spacing’s. However, lower spacing of 45 × 15 cm registered significantly higher plant height (125.57 cm), leaf area index (7.19 at 90 DAS), crop growth rate and relative growth rate over other levels. Among the fertilizer levels, application of 80:60:60 kg NPK ha-1 noticed significantly higher plant height (125.59 cm), primary branches (22.47), secondary branches(27.63), dry matter accumulation (131.47 g) and leaf area plant-1 (4556 cm2), number of spikes plant-1 (72.26), seed yield plant-1 (12.65 g), seed yield ha-1 (1020.53 kg ha-1), haulm yield (4124.91 kg ha-1) at harvest and also observed faster Crop Growth Rate, Relative Growth Rate and Leaf Area Index over other fertilizer level of 60:40:40 kg NPK ha-1 and 40:20:20 kg NPK ha-1 at all the growth stages of the crop but oil content and omega -3-fatty acid(Alpha-linolenic acid) content was obtained at lower fertilizer level of 40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1 (30.96% and 55.65% respectively) and higher level of fertilizer 80:60:60 NPK kg ha-1 recorded maximum protein content (22.67%). Significantly higher seed yield (1122 kg ha-1) was obtained in the treatment combination of 60 × 30 cm with 80:60:60 kg NPK ha-1 compared to other treatments.

Optimization of Spacing and Fertilizer Levels on Growth, Yield Parameters and Yield of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif season-2019 at Agricultural Research Station, Chintamani, Karnataka. The experiment consisted of four levels of spacing (45 × 15, 45 × 30, 60 × 15, and 60 × 30 cm) and three levels of fertilizer (40:20:20, 60:40:40 and 80:60:60 kg NPK ha-1) to determine the influence of different spacing and fertilizer levels on growth and yield of chia (Salvia hispanica L). The experiment was arranged in a statistical design of Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (FRCBD) with three replications. The report of the study indicated that among different spacings, 60 × 30 cm was recorded a significantly higher number of leaves plant-1 (108), a number of primary and secondary branches plant-1 (22.38 and 27.69, respectively), Dry matter accumulation plant-1 (146.09 g) and seed yield (1015 kg ha-1) however, spacing of 45 cm × 15 cm produced significantly superior plant height (125.57 cm). Among different fertilizer levels, the application dose of 80:60:60 kg NPK ha-1 recorded significantly higher plant height (125.59 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (103.67), number of primary and secondary branches plant-1 (22.47 and 27.63, respectively), Dry matter accumulation plant-1 (131.47 g), seed yield (1020 kg ha-1). Significantly higher seed yield (1122 kg ha-1) was obtained in the treatment combination of 60 × 30 cm with 80:60:60 kg NPK ha-1 compared to other treatments.

INFLUENCE OF SHOOT MANAGEMENT ON GROWTH AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF BELL PEPPER IN PROTECTED CONDITION

A research was carried out to study the effect of shoot management on growth, yield, and quality attributes of bell pepper in protected condition at Kirtipur, Kathmandu, from March to October 2021. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with two popular varieties (6008 F1 and Minerva F1) and five levels of shoot management (unpruned, one stem, two stems, three stems, and four stems) with four replications. Observations were recorded on growth, yield, and quality parameters. The response of bell pepper varieties with different levels of shoot management did not differ significantly, however, varieties and shoot management factors differed within factor significantly in selected variables. Minerva F1 was taller with higher number of leaves as compared to 6008 F1. Among different shoot management practices, plants with a single stem recorded a significantly higher plant height (70.28 cm) at 120 DAT. Average fruit length varied with level of shoots, and the performance of two varieties was not found to be significant. Average fruit weight had been influenced by both the varieties and no. of shoots. Average fruit weight (107.78 g) was also significantly higher in 6008 F1 than that of Minerva F1 (94.24 g). Minerva F1 had higher (3.92°Brix) TSS and vitamin C content in comparison with 6008 F1. Fruits from a single stem plant had maximum vitamin C content (112.26 mg/100g and 128.87 mg/100g at 1st and 5th harvest, respectively). Yield per plant was significantly higher in 6008 F1 (3.20 kg) than Minerva F1 (2.76 kg). The highest yield per plant recorded on four stem shoot management (3.44 kg) whereas, lowest yield per plant was from unpruned plants (2.56 kg). Increasing shoot no. from single stem to four stems increased the yield by 34.37%. 6008 F1 recorded a higher yield per plant than Minerva F1. Minerva F1 produced the higher BC-ratio 7.43 than 6008 F1 (2.27). Four stem shoot management produced the highest BC-ratio in both Minerva F1 (8.81) and 6008 F1 (2.55). Considering the economic and desirable attributes, the yellow cultivar Minerva F1 proved to be better in achieving a higher gross return, profit and other quality parameter.

Effect of Nitrogen Doses in Boro Rice Grown with Variable Levels of Floating Duckweed

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Research Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from November 2018 to June 2019 to study the nitrogen requirement of boro rice grown with floating duckweed. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments were duckweed: viz. D0 = Control (0 g duckweeds m-2), D1 = 200 g duckweeds m-2, D2 = 400 g duckweeds m-2 and D3 = 600 g duckweeds m-2) and nitrogen treatment: N1 = 45 kg N ha-1, N2 = 90 kg N ha-1 and N3 = 180 kg N ha-1). Different doses of duckweeds showed significant influence on most of the parameters of which D2 (400 g duckweeds m-2) treatment the best performance on growth and yield parameters of rice. Among different doses of nitrogen, N2 (90 kg N ha-1) gave the best results on growth and yield parameters of rice. In case of combined effect, D2N2 showed the highest number of tillers hill-1 (16.40), dry weight hill-1 (48.97 g), number of effective tillers hill-1 (14.73) and number of grains panicle-1 (189.50). This treatment combination also showed the highest number of filled grains panicle-1 (183.90), panicle length (25.83 cm), 1000 -grain weight (25.13 g), seed yield (7.24 t ha-1), straw yield (8.47 t ha-1), biological yield (15.71 t ha-1) and harvest index (46.09%). On the other hand, D0N3 gave the least results on these parameters. Findings revealed that application of 400 g duckweeds m-2 with 90 kg N ha-1 showed the superiority over other treatment combinations to produce higher grain yield of boro rice.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(2): 109-117

Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Three Arabica Coffee Varieties at Four Seed Soaking Water Temperatures

It takes three weeks to analyze the germination percentage of Arabica coffee seeds germinated using paper and a three-day water-soaking method. This 3- week period is considered too long for seed distribution to remote areas. Thus, we need to modify this germination test needs to be modified to have a shorter test time. Temperature treatment is one method to break the seed dormancy period for faster germination. This study aimed to obtain a faster and more precise method of germination test on Arabica coffee seeds. This study employed a 3 x 4 factorial complete randomized block design with three replications in which Arabica coffee varieties of Gayo-1, Kartika-1, and Sigararutang as the first factor and the temperature of the soaking water of the seeds (25 0C, 50 0C, 75 0C, and 90 0C) as the second factor. The research was conducted at the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), for four months. Findings showed that the interaction between treatments was only found in seed germination percentage. Soaking in room temperature water (control) for three days was better than using water at 50 0C, 75 0C, and 90 0C on the germination percentage, sprout length, and vigor index. Observations of Arabica seed germination could be shortened to 14 days compared to the standard 21-day observation. During the seedling phase, the shoot growth and root growth of the Arabica coffee seeds soaked in water at 50 0C showed no significant difference from the control. Soaking at 75 0C and 90 0C damaged the embryo and resulted in rotten seeds. Different varieties led to different germination percentages, sprout lengths, and fresh weight of seedling shoots. The method of soaking at 50 0C for 30 minutes could be used as an alternative in germination test of Arabica coffee seeds because it showed small negative effect on germinated seed and seedling quality but it shorten thetesting time for three days.

Agronomic Performance, Yield, and Nutritional Value of Grasses Affected by Agroecological Settings in Ethiopia

One of the major limiting factors of livestock production in Ethiopia is the very low quantity and quality of livestock feeds supplied in the country. This calls for seeking forages that complement poor quality feeds in the country. Hence, the target of this article was to compare three types of grass agronomic performance, yield, and chemical composition under three different agroecologies and three harvesting dates (60, 90, and 120 days). The field experiment was carried out in selected three districts in 2017/2018 in the main cropping season. The treatments were laid out in a factorial RCBD (the randomized complete block design) arrangement with three replications. The treatments contained the combinations of three altitudes and three harvesting dates. Agronomic, yield, and chemical composition data were collected from the current study and subjected to analysis of variance procedures with a P < 0.05 significance test. In most agronomical and chemical compositions, the interactions of altitudes and harvesting dates were significant for all tested grasses (Mulato II, Napier, and Rhodes grasses). The highest plant height (PH) and dry matter yield (DMY) by Napier and the number of tillers per plant (NTPP) by Mulato II were recorded. There were significant values ( P < 0.05 ) for DMY and CP for all grasses at the interactions of harvesting dates and altitudes. The significant difference in DMY was observed as the harvesting date advanced, but CP was contrariwise. Of all tested species, the highest crude protein value and the least value of NDF and ADF (best forage quality parameters) were recorded by Mulato II. Thus, the results of this study revealed that Brachiaria hybrid cv. Mulato II has great potential to fulfil the demands for quality feeds for livestock production, especially at low altitudes. Nevertheless, in areas where, Napier and Rhodes grass are available, they can be alternative forage for Mulato II grass. Generally, for effective utilization of the tested grasses, the comparative feed value for animals must be conducted.

Application of Amendment and Irrigation toward Soil Moisture and Corn Productivity in Alfisols Jumantono, Indonesia

The use of amendments and irrigation will improve soil characteristics, increase land productivity, and corn crops. This research aims to find out the best type of amendment and irrigation volume to get optimal moisture for corn in Alfisol. The study was conducted at Jumantono, Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia. The design of the study used a Factorial Complete Randomized Block Design (RCBD) with 2 treatment factors. The design of this study on the first treatment factor giving amendments with cow manure 5 tons/ha, biochar rice husk 5 tons/ha, zeolite 5 tons/ha and control, as well as the treatment factor of irrigation volume 50% x ETc, 100% x ETc, and 150% x ETc. The ETc value is obtained from the daily evapotranspiration value of corn. The results show that amendment and irrigation treatment could increase soil moisture content and soil organic matter. The addition of a single factor of irrigation affects the soil porosity, soil pH, soil moisture and soil organic matter. Corn crop productivity has also increased due to the provision of appropriate and efficient irrigation.

Optimalisasi Produktivitas Tanaman Pala (Myristica Fragrans Houtt) Melalui Aplikasi Nutrisi Tanaman Organik-Anorganik Cair

The objective of this study was to optimize the productivity of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) through the application of concentration levels and frequency of liquid organic-inorganic mixed plant nutrition was carried out in the Nutmeg Garden of Hative Besar Village, Ambon Island, using a factorial complete randomized block design 3 x 2 + 1 (control, without treatment). The first factor consisted of three concentration levels, namely 1500 ppm, 3000 ppm, and 4500 ppm. The second factor consisted of two application frequencies: every two weeks and every four weeks. The sample employed in this study had an average age of 25 years. Each treatment combination was repeated three times with the total sampled 21 trees. The following yield parameter components were observed in this study: number of harvested fruits, fresh fruit weight, wet seed weight, dry seed weight, and dry mace weight. The results showed an interaction between the combination treatment of liquid organic-inorganic mixed plant nutrient concentrations and the frequency of application to the variables of fresh fruit weight, wet seed weight, dry seed weight, and dry mace weight. The variable number of fruits harvested per plant did not show an interaction effect between the concentration level and the frequency of giving liquid organic-inorganic mixed plant nutrition. Still, the best average number of fruits harvested per plant was found in the combination treatment between a concentration of 3000 ppm and a frequency of application every two weeks. The application of liquid organic-inorganic mixed plant nutrition with a concentration of 3000 ppm with a frequency of application every two weeks showed a positive response to increasing plant productivity when compared to other treatments or without the application of plant nutrients.

Effect of Nitrogen and Water Use on Yield And Storability of Onion

A Field experiment was conducted at Regional Spices Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur and Spices Research Sub-Centre, BARI, Lalmonirhat to find out the water and nitrogen use efficiency of onion (Allium cepa L.) as influence by different levels of soil moisture regimes and nitrogen doses during rabi season of 2020-2021. The experiment was designed in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design having three replications. The treatment composed of three soil moisture regiems (10%, 20% and 30% depletion of soil moisture over field capacity) and three nitrogen doses (150, 100 and 75 kg ha-1). The individual as well as interaction effect of soil moisture and nitrogen levels showed significant effect on yield and yield contributing parameters, storability, nitrogen and water use efficiency except the TSS of onion. The highest bulb yield (21.49 t ha-1 in Gazipur & 22.79 t ha-1 in Lalmonirhat), marketable bulb yield (18.0 t ha-1 in Gazipur & 20.0 t ha-1 in Lalmonirhat), harvest index (598.0% in Gazipur & 607.9% in Lalmonirhat) were recorded when the crop irrigated at 10% depletion of field capacity and plant supplied with 100kg Nha-1. Similarly, the maximum nitrogen use efficiency (54.74% in Gazipur & 61.38% in Lalmonirhat) and the maximum water use efficiency (105.76 kg ha-1 mm-1 in Gazipur & 108.06 kg ha-1 mm-1 in Lalmonirhat) were also observed from the above mentioned treatment combinations. Total PLW was higher (16.3% in Gazipur and 21.1% in Lalmonirhat) with irrigation was given applied at 10% depletion of field capacity and application of 150 kg N ha-1 during 120 days of storage.
 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 47(1): 119-142, March 2022

PENGARUH VARIETAS DAN JARAK TANAM TERHADAP KUALITAS BENIH UMBI BAWANG MERAH SELAMA PENYIMPANAN

This study aims to determine the effect of variety and plant space on shallots seeds quality during storage. The study used a factorial complete randomized block design with 5 replications. The first factor was Variety (V), consisting of V1 = Tajuk, V2 = Crok Kuning, and V3 = Srikayang. The second factor was the plant spacing (J) consisting of J1 = 15cm x 15 cm, J2 = 15 cm x 20 cm, J3 = 20 cm x 20 cm, and J4 = 25cm x 20 cm. The results showed that the use of varieties significantly affects weight loss, germination and vigor. Varieties of Tajuk produce the lowest weight loss, germination and vigor. The crop spacing had a significant effect on weight loss at 3 months, germination of 1 and 3 months, but had no significant effect on 1 and 2 months weight loss and 1-3 months of germination, 2 months of vigor

Growth and yields of some peanut varieties with application of palm fiber biochar

Climate change negatively affects the growth of crops, including groundnuts. Groundnuts are susceptible to short-term weather changes, as well as climate change. Climate change can reduce groundnuts production because it affects soil fertility. Biochar is a kind of soil enhancer that can increase soil fertility. This study aims to determine the appropriate dose of palm fiber biochar for the growth and yield of various varieties of groundnuts. This research was conducted in July - December 2022 at the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture UNS Jumantono, Karanganyar. The study used a factorial Complete Randomized Block Design consisting of 2 factors, namely the type of peanut variety (Takar 2; Hypoma 1) and the dose of palm fiber biochar (0 t.ha-1; 7.5 t.ha-1; 15 t.ha-1; 22.5 t.ha-1). The variables observed were number of branches, number of flowers, number of pods, number of seeds, seed weight per plant, and harvest index. Data analysis used analysis of variance and was further tested using 5% Duncan’s Multiple Range Test The results showed that the addition of palm fiber biochar at a dose of 7.5 t.ha-1 could increase the number of peanut flowers. Treatment of the Takar 2 variety had a higher number of flowers, number of pods, number of seeds, seed weight, and yield index than Hypoma 1.

Growth Performance of Black Pepper (P. nigrum) Cuttings in Different Rooting Media and Growth Regulators

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is recognized as "Black Gold" and "King of Spices" because of its widespread use in culinary preparation, food flavoring, and condiment seasoning. It has worldwide fragrance and medical use. The purpose of the conducted research was to investigate growth performance of P. nigrum cuttings in various rooting media and growth regulators concentrations in a low-cost non-mist propagation chamber at the Agroforestry Field Laboratory, Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet during the period starting from August 2019 to June' 2020. The experiment consisted of two factors: different rooting media and different concentrations of growth regulator, IBA (Indole 3-Butyric Acid). Under the first factor, there were four treatments, namely M1= biochar, M2= vermicompost, M3= well-decomposed cow dung, and M4= field soil as control. Under the second factor, there were four treatments, namely R1= 0.2%, R2= 0.4% and R3= 0.8%, and R4= 0.0% of IBA. The whole experiment was designed in a factorial RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with three replications. Among the different media, M1 treatment (biochar) exhibited superior performance concerning vine length and the number of nodes per vine. On the other hand, R2 treatment (0.4%) concentration of IBA showed better performance regarding the number of roots and vine length. The research found that the growth performance of P. nigrum cuttings are accelerated through integrating rooting media and growth regulators. Consequently, the demand for planting materials could be met.