Factors In Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Research Articles

7980 Physical Activity Attenuates the Association of Early Adolescent Adiposity with Later PCOS

Abstract Disclosure: R. Whooten: None. S. Rifas-Shiman: None. W. Perng: None. J. Chavarro: None. E. Oken: None. M. Hivert: None. Purpose: Adiposity is a risk factor for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Limited knowledge exists regarding modifiable behaviors, such as physical activity, during early-life may mitigate the association of adiposity with PCOS risk. We aimed to assess how moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may impact the association of adiposity in early adolescence with later report of adolescent PCOS. Methods: Within the Project Viva prospective cohort, we used multivariable logistic regression to assess the association of body mass index z-score (BMIz) at early adolescence (mean age 13.1 years) with mid-late adolescent PCOS (self-reported diagnosis or oligo-anovulation with clinical/biochemical hyperandrogenism at mean age 17.7 years). We stratified our analyses by actigraphy-assessed MVPA during early adolescence (≥30 versus <30 minutes/day). In multivariable models, we adjusted for maternal education and PCOS; and child race and ethnicity, dietary behaviors, actigraphy-assessed sleep duration, and self-reported screentime; and season of actigraphy assessment. Results: Among 341 female adolescents, n=47 (14%) met criteria for PCOS at mid-late adolescence. At early adolescence, mean (SD) BMIz was 0.32 (1.10) units and n=110 (32%) had ≥30 minutes/day MVPA. There was no difference in MVPA ≥30 minutes/day among those with versus without later PCOS (30% vs 33%, p=0.70). In unadjusted analyses, there was an association of early adolescent BMIz with mid-late adolescent PCOS (OR=1.93, 95%CI 1.39, 2.69 per unit increase in BMIz). In stratified analyses, the association of early adolescent adiposity with later PCOS was stronger in those with MVPA <30 minutes/day (OR=2.07, 95%CI 1.37, 3.11) than in those with MVPA ≥30 minutes/day (OR=1.72, 95%CI 0.97, 3.06). These findings persisted after adjusting for all covariates (overall: OR=1.72 95%CI 1.15, 2.56; MVPA <30 min/day: OR=2.01 95%CI 1.17, 3.45; MVPA ≥30 minutes/day: OR=1.36 95%CI 0.64, 2.91), however p-values for interaction terms were non-significant. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that maintaining ≥30 minutes MVPA daily during early adolescence may attenuate the association of adiposity with risk of PCOS by late adolescence. This has implications for the importance of promoting physical activity among at-risk individuals. Presentation: 6/2/2024

The effect of gonadoliberin analog treatment in precocious puberty on polycystic ovarian syndrome prevalence in adulthood.

The study group consists of 24 women (median age 22 88 years, median BMI 23.5) treated with GnRHa for central precocious puberty in childhood. The control group includes 40 women (median age 23 years, median BMI 25.6) diagnosed with isolated premature thelarche and not using GnRHa in the childhood. Anthropometric measurements, ultrasound examination of minor pelvis and hormonal profile were performed. PCOS diagnosis was based on Rotterdam criteria. The study confirmed a higher prevalence of PCOS in the study group (50%) than in the control group (10%); p=0.0006. Significant, linear correlation between free testosterone levels and ovarian size was found in the study group (R=0.45 p= 0.03). GnRHa therapy during childhood may have a potential influence on incidence of PCOS in the adulthood. Therefore, in this group of patients long-term follow-up focused on screening for PCOS would seem beneficial.

Identifying Genetic Factors of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Women with Epilepsy: A Whole-Genome Sequencing Study

Introduction: Women with epilepsy (WWE) are more likely to develop reproductive endocrine disorders, especially polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study aimed to explore the genetic factors of PCOS in WWE in hope of improving individual precision diagnosis and treatment. Methods: WWE registered at West China Hospital between January 2022 and October 2022 were enrolled in this study. Demographic and epilepsy-related characteristics were recorded, and blood samples were collected for hormones, glucose metabolism testing, and whole-genome sequencing. Results: After sample sequencing, quality control, and variants selection, association analyses were performed. Pathway analysis was performed to identify involved biological pathways. The overall and PCOS “burden score” of each individual were calculated to count the deleterious variants. A total of 95 WWE were included in this study and 19 patients were diagnosed with PCOS. WWE with PCOS showed a significantly different hormone profiles and a tendency of impaired glucose metabolism. The most commonly associated genes were ZFYVE28, COL19A1, SIK3, ANKK1, PPIG, and REPIN1. The top 3 canonical pathways are adipogenesis pathway, epoxysqualene biosynthesis signaling, and glutamate degradation signaling. The most significant common variant was rs11914038 located in gene CELSR1 and rs651748 located in gene ZBTB16. In human gene connectome prioritizations, ITGA9, PNPLA2, and DAB2 are the top 3 genes having the shortest distance to known PCOS genes. Conclusion: Genetic factors involved in the abnormal regulation of glucose and insulin metabolism are likely to be associated with the comorbidity of PCOS in WWE. Interventions targeting these processes should be given more priority in clinical practice.

SAT366 Expression of Amyloid-related Proteins Associated With Dementia in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Compared to a Control Population

Abstract Disclosure: A.E. Butler: None. A.S. Moin: None. T. Sathyapalan: None. S.L. Atkin: None. Objective: Several risk factors in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are associated with increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We hypothesized that circulatory levels of amyloid-related proteins would be elevated in PCOS but that these would potentially be mitigated by elevated levels of proteins associated with protection from AD. Methods: Somascan proteomic analysis of amyloid-related proteins was undertaken in a well validated PCOS database of 143 women with PCOS and 97 control women. Results: Amyloid-precursor protein (APP) (p<0.05), amyloid P-component (APCS) (p<0.001), apolipoprotein E (apoE) (p<0.01) and apoE3 (p<0.05) were elevated in PCOS, whilst alpha-synuclein (SNCA) (p<0.05) was reduced in PCOS, all features associated with increased AD risk. Correlation analyses of the AD-related proteins with protective heat shock proteins (HSPs) showed that SNCA positively correlated with HSP90 (p<0.01) and with HSP60 (p<0.0001). Correlations with markers of inflammation showed APCS positively correlated with interleukin-6 (IL6) (p<0.05) whilst ApoE and ApoE3 correlated positively with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The AD-associated protein pattern found in PCOS, with basal elevated APP and reduced SNCA, parallels what has been reported in patients type 2 diabetes. This dysregulated AD-related protein expression in PCOS is likely exacerbated by obesity and insulin resistance-related inflammation and may be modulated by protective HSP mechanisms. Reference: Moin ASM, Al-Qaissi A, Sathyapalan T, Atkin SL, Butler AE. Hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes exacerbates amyloid-related proteins associated with dementia. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021 Feb;23(2):338-349. doi: 10.1111/dom.14220. Epub 2020 Oct 25. PMID: 33026133. Presentation Date: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Combining proteomic markers to construct a logistic regression model for polycystic ovary syndrome.

Proteomics technology has been used in various fields in recent years for the Q6 exploration of novel markers and the study of disease pathogenesis, and has become one of the most important tools for researchers to explore unknown areas. However, there are fewer studies related to the construction of clinical models using proteomics markers. In our previous study we used DIA proteomics to screen for proteins that were significant in 31 PCOS patients compared to women of normal reproductive age. In this study, we used logistic regression among these protein markers to screen out variables with diagnostic value and constructed logistic regression models. We constructed a logistic model using these protein markers, where HIST1H4A (OR=1.037) was an independent risk factor for polycystic ovary syndrome and TREML1 (OR=0.976) were protective factors for the disease. The logistic regression model equation is: Logit (PCOS) =0.036*[HIST1H4A]-0.024*[TREML1]-16.368. The ROC curve analyzing the diagnostic value of the model has an AUC value of 0.977 and a Youden index of0.903, which gives a cutoff value of 0.518 at this point. The model has a sensitivity of 93.5% and a specificity of 96.8%. Calibration curves show fair consistency of the model. Our study is the first to use proteomic results with clinical biochemical data to construct a logistic regression model, and the model is consistent. However, our study still needs a more complete sample to confirm our findings.

Association between immunity and different clinical symptoms in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease with endocrine and metabolic disorders. The main symptoms are hyperandrogenemia (HA), insulin resistance (IR), and ovulation disorder. However, the pathogenesis and pathophysiological process of these major symptoms in PCOS are still not well defined. In recent studies, the chronic low-grade inflammatory state has become one of the factors affecting PCOS. Some alterable immune factors in PCOS, such as interleukin-15 and interleukin-1, have been identified to be related to androgen synthesis and insulin resistance in PCOS. In addition, a disturbed immune microenvironment in the ovary leads to impaired follicular growth and ovulation. Previous studies have roughly reviewed the relationship between immunity and PCOS. However, the link between the different clinical manifestations of PCOS and immunity has not been well explored and analyzed. The clinical presentation of each patient is diverse, and symptomatic treatment is mainly used. Therefore, this article reviews several representative immunological factors that affect these three symptoms to explore the underlying mechanism, which will be beneficial for developing new treatment strategies.

Are ABO/Rh blood groups A risk factor for polycystic ovary syndrome?

This study goaled to evaluate the ABO/Rh blood group distribution and its relationship with clinical and biochemical factors in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. ABO/Rh blood group distribution of the patients and the healthy individuals were compared. In addition, the features of clinical and biochemical factors were compared according to the ABO/Rh blood groups. Two hundred and sixty-five patients were involved in the study. At the time of diagnosis, hirsutism (86%) and oligomenorrhea (80.9%) were the most prevalent symptoms. There were 166 (62.6%) patients with baseline ultrasonography results consistent with PCOS. In 111 (41.9%) patients, insulin resistance was found. ABO blood group distributions in the patient (42.6% A, 17% B, 9.4% AB, 30.9% O) and control (42% A, 16% B, 8% AB, 34% O) groups were found to be similar (P = .9). There was no difference between oligomenorrhea, hirsutism, hair loss, acne, obesity, high androgen level, insulin resistance, and ultrasound characteristics according to ABO/Rh blood groups. In this study, ABO/Rh blood group distribution in individuals with PCOS was found to be similar to healthy individuals, and it was determined that ABO/Rh blood group was not a risk factor for PCOS. In addition, no correlation was found between the clinical and biochemical characteristics of the patients at the time of diagnosis and the ABO/Rh blood group.

The role of circadian clock in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a worldwide disease related to infertility. This intrinsic syndrome affects 5-15% of females under 18-44 age globally. There is still no exact explanation to the cause of PCOS on molecular and genetic level. PCOS has been proved to have a strong genetic predisposition. One of the symptoms of PCOS is the sleep disturbances related to circadian disorder. A numerous research has already been done on relationship between the genetic pathway and other factors in PCOS. Androgen can act as a modulator exert to effect on the receptors in SCN to change circadian rhythms. CYP17A1, one of the most important gene in the aetiology of PCOS, has also been shown as a direct CLOCK-BMAL1 target in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The circadian rhythm and clock genes have already been taken in account to be related with PCOS. The circadian disorder often synergize with the loss of metabolic disorder, the steroidogenesis, to intensify the compromised fertility. This review introduces the physiological links between circadian clocks and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. It highlights the present current researches on the molecular level associations between the circadian disorders and PCOS, which introduce a potential cause of it.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and cardiometabolic risk factors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: role of race/ethnicity

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women, is characterized by androgen excess, polycystic appearance of the ovaries, and ovulatory dysfunction. PCOS women have an increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as increased blood pressure, insulin resistance (IR), and obesity. We have previously demonstrated that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) improve IR and obesity in a rat model of PCOS. Recent evidence suggests that Black Women (BW) with PCOS have an increased incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors compared to their White Women (WW) counterparts. We tested the hypothesis that GLP1RA has a differential effect on cardiometabolic risk factors in BW with PCOS versus WW with PCOS. Methods: The University of Mississippi Medical Center de-identified patient data from January 2013 – September 2022 were obtained from electronic medical records (EMR) using UMMC's Research Data Warehouse. Patients with 1) PCOS, 2) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 3) documented hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and 4) GLP1RA prescription were identified. Cardiometabolic risk factors such as HbA1c, body mass index (BMI), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP respectively) were analyzed and compared between BW and WW with PCOS/T2DM. ICD-10 code of PCOS and T2DM: E28.2 and E11.9 respectively. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Results: EMRs of 3756 PCOS patients were obtained. 13.8% of PCOS patients also had a diagnosis of T2DM with documented HbA1c, and 10.4% of them (54 patients) were on a GLP1RA. Of the 54 patients, 35 were BW. In our cohort, BW with PCOS/T2DM had a similar age (38 ± 12 vs 34 ± 11 years of age, p=NS), perimenopausal status, and smoking status as WW with PCOS/T2DM. Compared to WW with PCOS/T2DM on GLP1RA, BW women with PCOS/T2DM had significantly higher HbA1c (8.0 ± 1.0 vs 7.0 ± 0.7 %, p<0.05). There was no difference in BMI, SBP, or DBP between groups. Furthermore, on GLP1RA, there was no difference in the magnitude of change of HbA1c, BMI, SBP, or DBP in BW compared in WW on GLP1RA. Conclusions: BW with PCOS/T2DM had higher HbA1c on GLP1RA compared to WW counterparts. However, there was similar BMI, SBP, and DBP between the two groups. Furthermore, there was no difference in the magnitude of change in cardiometabolic parameters on GLP1RA between the two groups. Race/ethnicity may significantly effect HbA1c, but it does not appear to affect the efficaciousness of GLP1RA on the cardiometabolic profile in women with PCOS. NIGMS P20GM121334 and P20GM104357, NIDDK R21DK11350 and F30DK127527, NHLBI P01HL51971 This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Impact of Metformin on Cardiometabolic risk factors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Comparison between races

Purpose: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-age women, is characterized by androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction. PCOS women have an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome components, such as an increased blood pressure (BP), insulin resistance (IR), and obesity. Metformin is the most frequently prescribed insulin sensitizer in women with PCOS. Recent evidence suggests that Black Women (BW) with PCOS have an increased incidence of cardiometabolic (CM) risk factors compared to their White Women (WW) counterparts. It is unclear if metformin has a different effect in BW versus WW with PCOS. Thus, the aim of the current study is to elucidate whether the effect of metformin on CM risk factors is different between BW with PCOS and WW with PCOS at the University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC). Hypothesis: CM risk factors will be more pronounced in BW with PCOS compared to WW with PCOS. There will be no difference in the impact of metformin on CM risk factors when comparing BW with PCOS to WW with PCOS. Methods Used: UMMC de-identified patient data from 2013-2022 were obtained from electronic medical records (EMR) using UMMC's Research Data Warehouse. The ICD-10 code of PCOS, E28.2, and code for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), E11.9, were used to filter patients and encounters. Metformin users were then identified. CM risk factors were analyzed and compared between BW and WW with PCOS. Data are expressed as averages and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with p <0.05 considered significant. Summary of Results: From 2013 to 2022, EMRs of 3,260 PCOS patients were analyzed. Of these, 322 patients were co-diagnosed with T2DM. A total of 169 patients were identified as metformin users. BW with PCOS were younger than WW with PCOS (27 yo versus 34 yo). Compared to WW with PCOS, BW women with PCOS have significantly higher body mass index (45.5 vs. 41.16, p<0.001). There was no difference in BP between groups. The rate of current or former smoking doubled in WW with PCOS compared to BW with PCOS. BW with PCOS presented with an HbA1c of 7.5% whereas WW with PCOS presented with an HbA1c of 7.1%. Conclusions: BW with PCOS on metformin have a significantly higher body mass index than WW with PCOS. In contrast, former and current smoking status was more prevalent in WW with PCOS. Race/ethnicity plays a significant role in the CM risk factors in women with PCOS. Implementing strategies to ameliorate cardiovascular diseases in women with PCOS should consider the impact of race in clinical manifestations. No external funding sources This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

636 - Impact of metformin in cardiometabolic risk factors in polycystic ovary syndrome: role of race/ethnicity

636 - Impact of metformin in cardiometabolic risk factors in polycystic ovary syndrome: role of race/ethnicity

Placental Site Choriocarcinoma, Vanishing Twin And Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy causing both metabolic syndrome and cancer risks. Case: This patient presented with PCOS including dysfunctional uterine bleeding, obesity, and hypothyroidism. Genetic evaluation revealed no specific findings other than probable PCOS in her mother, and review of her past history showed presence of non-metastatic choriocarcinoma in her placenta. Conclusion: This patient was the surviving twin whose vanishing twin was a probable hydatidiform mole resulting in choriocarcinoma of placental site facilitating testosterone crossing the placenta to cause androgenization. Teaching Points Vanishing twin can be considered a risk factor for polycystic ovary syndrome in surviving twin. Since polycystic ovary syndrome is not diagnosed until after puberty, history of vanishing twin can give an extra emphasis on early prevention of the many serious sequelae of this condition.

A meta-analysis of effects of vitamin E supplementation alone and in combination with omega-3 or magnesium on polycystic ovary syndrome

Vitamin E supplementation might have favorable effects on risk factors of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effects of vitamin E supplementation or vitamin E in combination with omega-3 or magnesium on PCOS. PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase electronic databases, and Google scholar were searched for all available articles up to September 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of vitamin E supplementation or vitamin E in combination with omega-3 or magnesium on lipid and glycemic profiles, anthropometric measurements, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, hormonal profile, and hirsutism score in patients with PCOS were included. Ten RCTs (with 504 participants) fulfilled the eligible criteria. Vitamin E supplementation or vitamin E in combination with omega-3 or magnesium in comparison to placebo could significantly reduce serum levels of TG (weighted mean difference: − 18.27 mg/dL, 95% CI − 34.68 to − 1.87), VLDL (− 5.88 mg/dL, 95% CI − 8.08 to − 3.68), LDL-c (− 12.84 mg/dL, 95% CI − 22.15 to − 3.52), TC (− 16.30 mg/dL, 95% CI − 29.74 to − 2.86), TC/HDL-c ratio (− 0.52, 95% CI − 0.87 to − 0.18), hs-CRP (− 0.60 ng/mL, 95% CI − 0.77 to − 0.44), hirsutism score (− 0.33, 95% CI − 0.65 to − 0.02) and significantly increase nitric oxide levels (2.79 µmol/L, 95% CI 0.79–4.79). No significant effect was found on HDL-c, glycemic indices, hormonal profile, anthropometric measurements, and other biomarkers of inflammation or oxidative stress. This meta-analysis highlights the potential anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin E supplementation alone or in combination with omega-3 or magnesium on PCOS patients.

Cross-Talk between Apelin, Insulin Resistance, Thyroid Hormones, and Cardio-metabolic Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Cross-Talk between Apelin, Insulin Resistance, Thyroid Hormones, and Cardio-metabolic Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: A New Research Direction for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common gynecological endocrine disorders, with sporadic ovulation, excessive androgens, and polycystic ovarian changes as the main clinical manifestations. Due to the high heterogeneity of its clinical manifestations, the discussion on its pathogenesis has not been unified. Current research has found that genetic factors, hyperandrogenism, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and obesity are strongly associated with PCOS. Recently, when studying the specific mechanisms of the abovementioned factors in PCOS, the biological response process of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has gradually come to researchers' attention, and several studies have confirmed the involvement of ERS in the pathogenesis of PCOS and the improvement of a series of pathological manifestations of PCOS after the application of ERS inhibitors, which may be a new entry point for the treatment of PCOS. In this article, we review the relationship between ERS and various pathogenic factors of PCOS.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Its Genetics and Treatments

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathy common among women of reproductive age. Some women with PCOS have cysts on their ovaries. That’s why it’s called “polycystic.” But the name is misleading because many women with PCOS don’t have cysts. Women with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone (androgen) levels. It is characterized by anovulation, infertility, hyperandrogenism, and frequently insulin resistance. Although the role of genetic factors in PCOS is strongly supported, the genes that are involved in the etiology of the syndrome have not been fully investigated until now, as well as the environmental contribution in their expression. Some genes have shown altered expression suggesting that the genetic abnormality in PCOS affects signal transduction pathways controlling steroidogenesis, steroid hormones action, gonadotrophin action and regulation, insulin action and secretion, energy homeostasis, chronic inflammation and others. Because the primary cause of PCOS is unknown, treatment is directed at the symptoms. Insulin-sensitizing agents are indicated for most women with polycystic ovary syndrome because they have positive effects on insulin resistance, menstrual irregularities, anovulation, hirsutism, and obesity. Metformin has the most data supporting its effectiveness. Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are also effective for ameliorating hirsutism and insulin resistance. Metformin and clomiphene, alone or in combination, are first-line agents for ovulation induction. Insulin-sensitizing agents, oral contraceptives, spironolactone, and topical eflornithine can be used in patients with hirsutism.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in PCOS Patients

The purpose of the review was to systematize the available data on the epidemiology and diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The information search was conducted using Internet resources (PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, E-Library) and literature sources for the years 2000-2020. The modern studies indicate that the prevalence of metabolic disorders varies in groups of women with different PCOS phenotypes. Numerous risk factors in PCOS lead to a significant increase in risk for cardiovascular diseases. Patients with PCOS diagnosed according to AE-PCOS Society criteria have the most severe metabolic features and risk of cardiovascular disease. Hyperandrogenism in PCOS is closely related to the aggravation of abdominal obesity, and together with insulin resistance forms the metabolic core for the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Plasma Diaphanous Related Formin 1 Levels Are Associated with Altered Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case Control Study.

Background Diaphanous related formin 1 (DIAPH1) is a novel component of advanced glycation end product (AGE) signal transduction that was recently found to participate in diabetes-related disorders, obesity, and androgen hormones. We investigated whether plasma DIAPH1 levels were a potential prognostic predictor for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods The levels of circulating plasma DIAPH1 and indicators of glucose, insulin, lipid metabolism, liver enzymes, kidney function, sex hormones, and inflammation were measured in 75 patients with PCOS and 77 healthy participants. All of the participants were divided into normal-weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW) subgroups. Statistical analyses were performed with R studio. Results PCOS patients manifested hyperandrogenism, increased luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH), and accumulated body fat and insulin resistance. Plasma DIAPH1 levels were significantly decreased in women with PCOS compared to control participants, and DIAPH1 levels were distinctly reduced in OW PCOS compared to OW control subjects (P < 0.001). DIAPH1 levels correlated with fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), the homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), and LH/FSH in all participants (FBG: r = 0.351, P < 0.0001; TC: r = 0.178, P = 0.029; HOMA-β: r = −0.211, P = 0.009; LH/FSH: r = −0.172, P = 0.040). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma DIAPH1 levels were an independent risk factor for PCOS. A model containing DIAPH1, BMI, FBG, and testosterone was constructed to predict the risk of PCOS, with a sensitivity of 92.0% and a specificity of 80.9%. A nomogram was constructed to facilitate clinical diagnosis. Conclusions These findings suggest the association of plasma DIAPH1 with glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and sex hormones and support DIAPH1 as a potential predictive factor for PCOS.

Gallic acid reverses ovarian disturbances in mice with letrozole-induced PCOS via modulating Adipo R1 expression

Research questionWomen are increasingly suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Its pathophysiology is still unknown, though. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how gallic acid affected the pathophysiology of the ovary in an animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome. We also showed the potential mechanism of adiponectin involvement in endocrine metabolic changes in PCOS mice and the function of adiponectin, which appear to be frequent factors in PCOS. DesignEighteen adult female Parkes strain mice (Age: 4–5 weeks) having body weight of 16–21 g were separated into three groups at random with 6 animals in each group as follows: Group I serving the control, received water and normal diet for 81 days; group II received oral gavage administration of letrozole (LETZ)(6 mg/kg b.w.daily), which was dissolved in 0.9 % NaCl solution for 21 days for the induction of PCOS and left untreated for 60 days; Group III received oral gavage administration of LETZ (6 mg/kg) for first 21 days followed by the administration of gallic acid (GA) (75 mg/kg b.w. orally daily) for 60 days. ResultsWe found LETZ-treated mice experienced PCOS-like symptoms, including increased Serum testosterone, LH/FSH ratio, body and ovarian weight, blood glucose, serum insulin levels and inflammatory Cytokines. We also found decreased serum estrogen, oxidant capacity and enzyme activity and altered ovarian cytoarchitecture, with multiple cysts apart from irregular estrous cycle. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels CYP11a, CYP19a1, Kitl, PTGS2 and Adipo R1 were decreased. Furthermore, LETZ-induced PCOS mice when treated with GA we observed decrease in testosterone, LH, LH/FSH ratio, blood glucose, serum insulin and inflammatory cytokines. GA treatment in PCOS mice also increased estrogen levels, and oxidant capacity as well as enzyme activity. Furthermore mRNA expression levels of CYP11a1, CYP19a1, KITL, PTGS2 and Adipo R1 were also increased in LETZ+GA treated mice. These changes were linked to lower levels of circulating adiponectin and were altered when the mice were administered with gallic acid. ConclusionGallic acid might be a potential therapy in treating PCOS by regulating endocrine and metabolic abnormalities that are brought on by a drop in adiponectin levels along with hyperandrogenism. Additionally, adiponectin seems to be a frequent factor in PCOS. In addition to reducing inflammation-related comorbidities linked to LETZ-induced PCOS, GA enhances mRNA expression levels CYP11a, CYP19a1, Kitl and PTGS2 and hence reduces endocrine and metabolic abnormalities.

The Therapeutic Effect of Methanolic Extract Bryonia dioica Jacq. in a Female Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases that affects 5%–10% of women of childbearing age. Several factors contribute to the development of PCOS such as dysfunction of the hypothalamic–pituitary axis and ovarian function, as well as increased insulin levels. The manifestations of the disorder include a wide range of symptoms, including menstrual disorders, acne, infertility, and increased body fat. Currently, the most well-known treatments for PCOS are clomiphene, metformin, letrozole, and tamoxifen. Due to their side effects, the identification of substitute drugs is essential. One of the traditional medicines, which is usually used in different parts of the world, particularly in Western Europe, is Bryonia dioica Jacq. (B. dioica). This plant is used in the treatment of disease due to its active ingredients like polyphenols. Materials and Methods: Induction PCOS in a female rat (3 weeks old) was performed through subcutaneous injection of testosterone enanthate (1 mg/100g) daily for 35 days. The effects of B. dioica (30 and 60 mg/kg) root methanolic extract on PCOS-induced was evaluated after 28-day treatment. On the last day, the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), glucose, low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone and histological studies (hematoxylin and eosin [H&amp;E] staining) were measured. Results: Results showed that FSH and LH levels (P &lt; 0.05) as well as glucose (P &lt; 0.001) in the B. dioica groups normalized significantly compared to the PCOS group. LDL levels decreased in rats and the LDL/HDL ratio decreased in all treatment groups. In histologic assay, metformin and B. dioica restricted the effects of testosterone in the ovaries of rats. Conclusion: The data indicate that methanolic extract of B. dioica recovers hormonal factors in PCOS.