Repository Of Facts Research Articles

Philosophical conceptualization of knowledge potential in the context of sustainable society development

This article explores the philosophical underpinnings of knowledge potential and its profound implications for the development of sustainable societies. Drawing on the rich tradition of philosophical inquiry, the paper delves into the dynamic nature of knowledge, viewing it not merely as a repository of facts but as a transformative force capable of shaping the trajectory of societies. Philosophers have long argued that knowledge is a catalyst for societal progress, driving innovation, social equity, and environmental responsibility. Through a multidimensional lens, the article examines the role of knowledge in addressing contemporary global challenges, including climate change, resource depletion, and social inequities. It highlights the importance of accessible education, interdisciplinary collaboration, and ethical knowledge dissemination in harnessing the full potential of knowledge for sustainability. Furthermore, the philosophical perspective underscores the ethical imperative of responsible knowledge use and the promotion of a culture of lifelong learning. The article contends that the philosophical conceptualization of knowledge potential offers a compelling framework for envisioning and building sustainable societies. By recognizing knowledge as a dynamic and transformative force, societies can chart a path toward a future characterized by environmental stewardship, social justice, and collective well-being.

GCP: Graph Encoder With Content-Planning for Sentence Generation From Knowledge Bases.

A knowledge base is a large repository of facts usually represented as triples, each consisting of a subject, a predicate, and an object. The triples together form a graph, i.e., a knowledge graph. The triple representation in a knowledge graph offers a simple interface for applications to access the facts. However, this representation is not in a natural language form, which is difficult for humans to understand. We address this problem by proposing a system to translate a set of triples (i.e., a graph) into natural sentences. We take an encoder-decoder based approach. Specifically, we propose a Graph encoder with Content-Planning capability (GCP) to encode an input graph. GCP not only works as an encoder but also serves as a content-planner by using an entity-order aware topological traversal to encode a graph. This way, GCP can capture the relationships between entities in a knowledge graph as well as providing information regarding the proper entity order for the decoder. Hence, the decoder can generate sentences with a proper entity mention ordering. Experimental results show that GCP achieves improvements over state-of-the-art models by up to 3.6%, 4.1%, and 3.8% in three common metrics BLEU, METEOR, and TER, respectively. The code is available at (https://github.com/ruizhang-ai/GCP/).

FACER: An API usage-based code-example recommender for opportunistic reuse

To save time, developers often search for code examples that implement their desired software features. Existing code search techniques typically focus on finding code snippets for a single given query, which means that developers need to perform a separate search for each desired functionality. In this paper, we propose FACER (F eature-driven A PI usage-based C ode E xamples R ecommender), a technique that avoids repeated searches through opportunistic reuse. Specifically, given the selected code snippet that matches the initial search query, FACER finds and suggests related code snippets that represent features that the developer may want to implement next. FACER first constructs a code fact repository by parsing the source code of open-source Java projects to obtain methods’ textual information, call graphs, and Application Programming Interface (API) usages. It then detects unique features by clustering methods based on similar API usages, where each cluster represents a feature or functionality. Finally, it detects frequently co-occurring features across projects using frequent pattern mining and recommends related methods from the mined patterns. To evaluate FACER, we run it on 120 Java Android apps from GitHub. We first manually validate that the detected method clusters represent methods with similar functionality. We then perform an automated evaluation to determine the best parameters (e.g., similarity threshold) for FACER. We recruit 10 professional developers along with 39 experienced students to judge FACER’s recommendation of related methods. Our results show that, on average, FACER’s recommendations are 80% precise. We also survey a total of 20 professional Android and Java developers to understand their code search and reuse experiences, and also to obtain their feedback on the usability and usefulness of FACER. The survey results show that 95% of our surveyed professional developers find the idea of related method recommendations useful during code reuse.

Biography and its social world: the ‘Stele of Lord Lu’

ABSTRACT Sinologists have traditionally read Chinese biographies as repositories of facts about their subjects, but their pedagogical function means biographies can tell us not just about their subjects, but also their intended audience(s) and the author’s ideological program. This article takes as its starting point a biography of the famous Daoist master Lu Xiujing 陸修靜 (406–77) written by the Tang poet Wu Yun 吳筠 (d. 778) and engraved on a stele that was erected in Lu’s honor in 761. Building on the work of Jan M. De Meyer, I show what Wu’s biography can tell us about its author and audience. Wu crafted a vitae-cum-morality tale with a twofold audience: Daoist priests and imperial officials. For the priests, he fashioned a model life that offered a superior alternative to the conventional literati career. Imperial officials learned that Daoist priests possessed the keys to imperial longevity and good governance.

No wisdom in the crowd: genome annotation in the era of big data - current status and future prospects.

SummaryScience and engineering rely on the accumulation and dissemination of knowledge to make discoveries and create new designs. Discovery‐driven genome research rests on knowledge passed on via gene annotations. In response to the deluge of sequencing big data, standard annotation practice employs automated procedures that rely on majority rules. We argue this hinders progress through the generation and propagation of errors, leading investigators into blind alleys. More subtly, this inductive process discourages the discovery of novelty, which remains essential in biological research and reflects the nature of biology itself. Annotation systems, rather than being repositories of facts, should be tools that support multiple modes of inference. By combining deduction, induction and abduction, investigators can generate hypotheses when accurate knowledge is extracted from model databases. A key stance is to depart from ‘the sequence tells the structure tells the function’ fallacy, placing function first. We illustrate our approach with examples of critical or unexpected pathways, using MicroScope to demonstrate how tools can be implemented following the principles we advocate. We end with a challenge to the reader.

Disease Compass\u2013 a navigation system for disease knowledge based on ontology and linked data techniques

BackgroundMedical ontologies are expected to contribute to the effective use of medical information resources that store considerable amount of data. In this study, we focused on disease ontology because the complicated mechanisms of diseases are related to concepts across various medical domains. The authors developed a River Flow Model (RFM) of diseases, which captures diseases as the causal chains of abnormal states. It represents causes of diseases, disease progression, and downstream consequences of diseases, which is compliant with the intuition of medical experts. In this paper, we discuss a fact repository for causal chains of disease based on the disease ontology. It could be a valuable knowledge base for advanced medical information systems.MethodsWe developed the fact repository for causal chains of diseases based on our disease ontology and abnormality ontology. This section summarizes these two ontologies. It is developed as linked data so that information scientists can access it using SPARQL queries through an Resource Description Framework (RDF) model for causal chain of diseases.ResultsWe designed the RDF model as an implementation of the RFM for the fact repository based on the ontological definitions of the RFM. 1554 diseases and 7080 abnormal states in six major clinical areas, which are extracted from the disease ontology, are published as linked data (RDF) with SPARQL endpoint (accessible API). Furthermore, the authors developed Disease Compass, a navigation system for disease knowledge. Disease Compass can browse the causal chains of a disease and obtain related information, including abnormal states, through two web services that provide general information from linked data, such as DBpedia, and 3D anatomical images.ConclusionsDisease Compass can provide a complete picture of disease-associated processes in such a way that fits with a clinician’s understanding of diseases. Therefore, it supports user exploration of disease knowledge with access to pertinent information from a variety of sources.

Are wikipedia citations important evidence of the impact of scholarly articles and books?

Individual academics and research evaluators often need to assess the value of published research. Although citation counts are a recognized indicator of scholarly impact, alternative data is needed to provide evidence of other types of impact, including within education and wider society. Wikipedia is a logical choice for both of these because the role of a general encyclopaedia is to be an understandable repository of facts about a diverse array of topics and hence it may cite research to support its claims. To test whether Wikipedia could provide new evidence about the impact of scholarly research, this article counted citations to 302,328 articles and 18,735 monographs in English indexed by Scopus in the period 2005 to 2012. The results show that citations from Wikipedia to articles are too rare for most research evaluation purposes, with only 5% of articles being cited in all fields. In contrast, a third of monographs have at least one citation from Wikipedia, with the most in the arts and humanities. Hence, Wikipedia citations can provide extra impact evidence for academic monographs. Nevertheless, the results may be relatively easily manipulated and so Wikipedia is not recommended for evaluations affecting stakeholder interests.

Ионно-молекулярная модель памяти. Структурные элементы библиотеки памяти и взаимосвязь между ними

This article is a continuation of a series of works on creation of ion-molecular memory model. Structural elements of the library of memory, as well as their rather complex interaction are considered. The authors are talking about the library in anatomically formed brain. It is believed that information is stored in certain structural elements ("repository of facts"). The concept of directory information and a buffer of information systems and their capacity were introduced. The scheme of possible structure of the library of memory that includes inputs, controllers, switches, transmitters, receivers-directories, drives, and concurrently-cascaded (specialized) of the auxiliary sections of the library memory was proposed and substantiated by the authors. Structural elements of the storage of information already exist in anatomically formed brain, and actually library memory has elements of different physical sizes. Information is also distributed by the authorities, and the smallest unit patterns library memory is one where the only fact is stored. As soon hydrogen ions as carriers of information, easily contact the buffer systems, this indicates that in the system memory other structures to store facts – information are excessive, with the exception of physical and chemical buffers of protein nature. It is also clear: if more capacity information in the buffer, the more information can be stored in it. Structural elements of the library memory can be presented in sufficient functional completeness by controllers, switches, transmitters and drives. It is not excluded that controllers and switches are located within a single molecular (submolecular) structure.

Demonstration of the FDB query engine for factorised databases

FDB is an in-memory query engine for factorised databases, which are relational databases that use compact factorised representations at the physical layer to reduce data redundancy and boost query performance. We demonstrate FDB using real data sets from IMDB, DBLP, and the NELL repository of facts learned from Web pages. The users can inspect factorisations as well as plans used by FDB to compute factorised results of select-project-join queries on factorised databases.

Dykes on Mykes: Podcasting and the Activist Archive

As stated by jake moore of the Matricule Project,1 archive is both noun and verb. As a noun, the archive is both physical repository, where materials are stored for preservation and for perusal, and reference point, where the records are consulted. As a verb, the archive functions as a social project of history building and a facilitator for storytelling. The archive, as imagined by moore, ceases to exist without being in process: acquiring documents, being accessed and utilized, articulated and critiqued. In essence, the archive ceases to exist when it is no longer engage in creating, recreating and telling stories. The archive thus becomes a site of inquiry, shifting from source for research to subject of research, for which academics and activists alike must “pay attention to the process of archiving, not just to the archive as a repository of facts and objects” (Arondekar 2005: 15). The online archive simultaneously builds from and undoes the archival project through its expansive and largely unregulated context and participatory process; it is a challenge to archival fixity and to conceptions of time and place as markers of identity.

Four Alternative Futures for Education in the United States: It's Our Choice.

Abstract. This article discusses four possible futures toward which educational systems might direct our society. The first is a future dominated by rote memorizers. The second is a future of critical thinkers. The third is a future of successfully intelligent thinkers. The fourth is a future of wise thinkers. Each future builds on previous one. Which one should our schools aspire to? ********** One way of conceiving of task of describing future of education in United States is to view it as a prediction task. We have to guess what future will hold. To a large extent, of course, any exercise such as this one must be a forecasting task. But word prediction implies a certain passivity in face of future that I believe we should put aside. To a large extent, forecasting future of education is a selection task. We, as a nation, get to choose our own future. What future will we choose? I describe here four (of many possible) futures. Each builds on previous one and adds something to it. What future would you choose? Future 1: The Ideal of Walking Encyclopedia Future 1 is future that most children around world face. The education they receive emphasizes rote memorization of whatever it is that powers that be in society think is worth rote memorizing. In a religious environment, it might be Bible, Koran, or some other holy book. In a secular environment, it might be a set of disconnected facts about exports of various countries or dates of certain treaties. Such training may be useful for those who build their lives expecting others to do what they have done; it will not be useful in developing critical-thinking skills children will need to cope in a flexible way with a rapidly changing environment. This future is one that many people support. I recently received an e-mail from an individual who plans to become the smartest person in world. His plan is receiving media attention. His method is to read entire Encyclopedia Britannica. Lest this view sound limited to him, keep in mind that TV quiz shows, as well as national spelling and geography bees, measure how smart their contestants are in terms of their ability to retrieve large numbers of facts, many of which are of little relevance outside context of contest. There is no particular reason why sheer memorization should lead to development of critical-thinking skills. Rote memorization requires recital and repetition. Critical thinking requires skillful analysis, evaluation, and interpretation. Of course, one cannot think without something to think about. Children or adults need a knowledge base with which to think. But there is a difference between a knowledge base and a store of information. Any repository of facts or supposed facts and ideas can be a store of information. One could memorize a German-English dictionary and know translation of each of words from German to English and vice versa. In this case, one would have a large store of information, but a trivial knowledge base. A knowledge base is for use. The information must be stored in an organized way that makes it easily retrievable when needed and at call of different kinds of retrieval cues, whether on a test in school or on larger test that is life. Too many teachers and students alike confuse two. They believe that merely knowing an unrelated collection of poorly integrated facts will constitute a child's having developed a knowledge base. In fact, it will constitute a store of information, much of which may be unusable. One can end up with a situation similar to that of an erased computer disc. The data are not truly erased. They are still on disc, unless one has taken special measures to ensure that data are wiped clean. Rather, data have simply become inaccessible. They no longer have a normal means of being called up. Only a computer specialist can retrieve them, often with difficulty, and usually in degraded form. …

Archives, records, and power: The making of modern memory

This article serves as the general introduction by the guest editors to the first of two thematic issues ofArchival Science that will explore the theme, “archives, records, and power.” Archives as institutions and records as documents are generally seen by academic and other users, and by society generally, as passive resources to be exploited for various historical and cultural purposes. Historians since the mid-nineteenth century, in pursuing the new scientific history, needed an archive that was a neutral repositories of facts. Until very recently, archivists obliged by extolling their own professional myth of impartiality, neutrality, and objectivity. Yet archives are established by the powerful to protect or enhance their position in society. Through archives, the past is controlled. Certain stories are privileged and others marginalized. And archivists are an integral part of this story-telling. In the design of record-keeping systems, in the appraisal and selection of a tiny fragment of all possible records to enter the archive, in approaches to subsequent and ever-changing description and preservation of the archive, and in its patterns of communication and use, archivists continually reshape, reinterpret, and reinvent the archive. This represents enormous power over memory and identity, over the fundamental ways in which society seeks evidence of what its core values are and have been, where it has come from, and where it is going. Archives, then, are not passive storehouses of old stuff, but active sites where social power is negotiated, contested, confirmed. The power of archives, records, and archivists should no longer remain naturalized or denied, but opened to vital debate and transparent accountability.

Geography, Marx and the Concept of Nature

An understanding of is fundamental to the manner in which science sees and conducts itself, yet the concept is generally taken for granted. Nature is constituted as an external repository of facts that live according to autonomous natural laws. The nature of natural science is deemed autonomous from human activity while that of social science is seen as socially created. Geography has been particularly resistant to simplistic, contradictory concepts of nature. Mainly concerned with the relationship between human kind and nature, geographers have generally been more sensitive to the complexity of nature and less willing to see it in simple dualistic terms. Nature separate from society had no meaning for Marx; is always related to societal activity. He meant this materially as well as ideally; the entire earth bears on its face the stamp of human activity. Under capitalism, the relation with is a use-value relation only in the most subordinate sense.