Concept Of Facility Research Articles

Computer networked scanning electron microscope for teaching, research, and industry applications.

A laboratory designed for teaching the operation of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been developed. The laboratory makes use of a computer network to allow remote operation of the SEM. Movable teaching stations, consisting of a computer, TV monitor, and joystick control, enable students to view the image on the SEM screen, move the sample, control the basic operating parameters of the microscope, and acquire X-ray spectra. Images can also be stored on the computers for image analysis or incorporation into reports. The great advantage of the system is that it has been designed to be flexible enough to allow operation from any location that has access to the Internet. The system is relatively inexpensive and uses nonproprietary computer technology available at any computer store. While the laboratory has been designed for teaching, the concept of a multiuser SEM facility that is inexpensive and easy to install should have applications in both industrial and research settings.

Types of pain treatment facilities and referral selection criteria. A review

Family physicians often come in contact with patients who suffer from chronic pain. These patients present a treatment challenge and may require referral to a pain treatment facility. The purpose of this review is to define and clarify the current concept of a pain treatment facility and delineate the different types of treatment facilities available. Possible selection criteria for referral to such facilities are suggested, with the rationale for the selection of these criteria. The role of the family physician in the treatment by a by a special facility of a patient with chronic pain is discussed. By definition, pain treatment facilities differ. The family physician should be aware of these differences and selection criteria for referral to such facilities.

Design Considerations for Minienvironment Cleanrooms (Issues, Options, and Concepts)

Many new cleanroom facilities are being designed and constructed using various minienvironment concepts. This paper presents facility concepts that are being implemented today and those that will be implemented in future construction. The author will present factors and issues that lead owners to the decision to use minienvironments. Also included is the impact of the decision on facility design. A comparison of various designs (including first cost and operating cost) will be presented. Case studies will show the advantages of implementing minienvironments, flexibility issues, and how to best take advantage of the potential operating cost savings.

146 Theoretical modeling and control concept of a multi-axis servo-hydraulic test facility

146 Theoretical modeling and control concept of a multi-axis servo-hydraulic test facility

DEVELOPMENT PLANNING FOR THE COSSACK AND WANAEA FIELDS

Development of the Cossack and Wanaea oil fields is in progress with first oil scheduled for late 1995. Wanaea oil reserves are estimated in the order of 32 x 106m3 (200 MMstb) making this the largest oil field development currently underway in Australia.Development planning for these fields posed a unique set of challenges.Key subsurface uncertainties are the requirement for water injection (Wanaea only) and well numbers. Strategies for managing these uncertainties were studied and appropriate flexibility built-in to planned facilities.Alternative facility concepts including steel/concrete platforms and floating options were studied-the concept selected comprises subsea wells tied-back to production/storage/export facilities on an FPSO located over Wanaea.In view of the high proportion of costs associated with the subsea components, significant effort was focussed on flowline optimisation, simplification and cost reduction. These actions have led to potential major economic benefits.Gas utilisation options included reinjection into the oil reservoirs, export for re-injection into North Rankin or export to shore. The latter requires the installation of an LPG plant onshore and was selected as the simplest, safest and the most economically attractive method.

Nonlinear Control of a Spatial Multi-Axis Servo-hydraulic Test Facility

This paper presents a nonlinear control concept of a spacial multi axis servohydraulic test facility. Based on nonlinear model equations including the servohydraulic actuator dynamics and the test table and payload mechanics, a global nonlinear diffeomorphism is derived which maps the model equations into nonlinear canonical form. Using symbolic languages, a nonlinear control law is developped and calculated based on exact linearization techniques. The efficiency and applicability of this control concept with respect to the tracking and decoupling behaviour of the test facility is demonstrated by computer simulations.

High-energy/intensity neutron facilities for testing fusion materials

The current status of technology of neutron irradiation test facilities for the development of fusion materials is described focussing to those with a high feasibility of being constructed and brought into operation within a decade. Regarding the facility concept the system with the deuteron-lithium(d-Li) stripping type source has been considered as the most realistic among the currently conceivable candidates. A series of systematic surveys on facility design and neutron field characteristics made recently by an international working group have reached the same conclusion. The base technology developed earlier by the FMIT Project (Fusion Materials Testing Facility Project, 1978–1985) has recently been advanced in the accelerator technology aspect. In Japan, the ESNIT Program has been promoted since 1988, in which the capability of energy selectivity has drawn special attention in resolving the issues specific to the d-Li system. Considering designing, constructing and applying such a type of facility, a realism for a strategy of a staged upgrading process was proposed, in which the actions are to start from a medium size unit module being followed by increasing the test volume in accordance with the progress of the materials development towards the DEMO reactor.

Capacitated emergency facility siting with multiple levels of backup

In many service systems, the primary objective is to provide continuous service and/or service within a prespecified time interval. In the public sector, emergency service systems fit into this category. In the private sector, systems providing repair service to critical production facilities and computers constitute another example. In these systems, the concept of multiple service facilities providing backup to each other becomes an important element in the design process. In this paper, we study the capacitated facility siting problem with multiple levels of backup coverage. The problem is formulated as a mathematical program; an efficient solution procedure is developed and computational experiments are reported.

Capability of energy selective neutron irradiation test facility (ESNIT) for fusion reactor materials testing and the status of ESNIT program

The concept of a high energy neutron irradiation facility named Energy Selective Neutron Irradiation Test Facility (ESNIT) was conceived at Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) as a facility for materials research in generic nuclear applications for which major potential research incentives were originated from nuclear fusion application. Technological survey and feasibility studies of ESNIT have continued since 1988 and two international workshops have been held in 1989 and 1991. In this paper, the capability of ESNIT for fusion reactor materials testing and the status of technological survey activities including deuteron accelerator system, target system and experimental system are summarized.

The status and prospects of high-energy neutron test facilities for fusion materials development

The status of progress in the development of facility concepts and the relevant technology is summarized, referring to the recent outcomes from the international collaborative activities on reviewing the technical feasibility and the suitability of candidate facilities for testing fusion reactor materials. The discussion is focussed on the way to reach the goal of an international fusion materials irradiation facility (IFMIF), which is capable of testing materials for DEMO reactors and beyond. Based on the state of knowledge reviewed, a staged approach is suggested in phase with the current world strategy for fusion power development.

Theoretical Modeling and Control Concept of a Multi-axis Servo-Hydraulic Test Facility

Abstract This paper presents a linear control theoretical investigation of a spatial multi-axis test facility with six servo-hydraulic actuators. Starting with a linear modeling of the control plant including the spatial equations of motion of the rigid test facility and the servo-hydraulic actuator dynamics, different control concepts are investigated. These are a standard single axis P-controller concept using actuator displacement measurements, an extended multi-sensor control concept using measurements of the actuator displacements, velocities and accelerations, and a multi-axis decoupling control concept based on test facility degree of freedom measurements.

Precast Concrete Justice Facilities Go High-Rise

40 A rising above a full city block in downtown Jacksonville , Florida, the recently completed City of Jacksonville Pre-Trial Detention Facility (see Fig . 1) provides a new concept of a precast concrete justice facility. The building, which includes administrative, medical , food services and judicial functions, is designed as a 1200-bed facility with the capacity t~ expand to accommodate more than 2200 inmates. A heliport is included on the roof of one of the towers. An outdoor activity area is provided in the link at each housing floor. The total precast concrete building contains a variety of columns, beams, double tees, hollow-core slabs and solid slabs, panels and three types of box modules: ( 1) cells; (2) shower, library and quiet rooms; and (3) horizontal mechanical chase units. For quantities of the products and other details, see Table 1.

Concept of a tritium extraction facility for a reprocessing plant

There are several alternatives for reducing the release of tritium to the environment originating from the wastewater of a reprocessing plant. Such alternatives, which are applicable for sites not located by the sea or by large rivers, are limited to either injection of tritiated wastewater into suitable deep geological formations, or final disposal into a deep underground repository after adequate treatment similar to other low and intermediate active waste. Removal of tritium from the wastewater by enrichment represents a further feasible option of the second alternative, which allows reduction of the huge volume of tritiated water to be treated before disposal. A significant volume reduction increases the safety of the subsequent steps such as transport, interim storage and final disposal of tritiated waste, furthermore, decreases the corresponding overall waste management cost. The projected Wackersdorf reprocessing plant has been considered as a reference for assessing the permitted tritium releases and other site characteristics.

Characteristics of an energy selective neutron irradiation test facility (ESNIT) for material irradiation studies

The concept of an energy selective neutron irradiation test facility (ESNIT) was generated at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, and a program for the preliminary technical survey was initiated in 1988. The potential benefit of such a facility is that it makes possible that neutron-irradiation experiments on materials can be carried out with well-defined energy spectra up to reasonably high flux and fluence levels and with high manipulability. A significant fraction of its applications will be focused on fundamental aspects of radiation damage in fusion reactor materials.

Future physics with a proposed radioactive beam facility in the United States

A brief overview of the physics at a proposed radioactive beam facility or ISOSPIN LABORATORY is presented. Its impact on future directions in nuclear structure, nuclei far from stability, reaction physics, nuclear astrophysics, and several applied fields is pointed out. Of particular interest are neutron rich beams. Radioactive beams with energies on the order of ≈10 MeV/nucleon or less are emphasized rather than the more energetic beams obtainable through projectile fragmentation. A concept of a high-intensity radioactive beam facility based on the post-acceleration of radioactive ions from an isotope-separator linked to a high-current, high-energy, light ion accelerator is discussed.

DELTA, a new storage-ring-FEL facility at the University of Dortmund

This paper presents the concept of the new FEL facility at the 1.5 GeV electron storage ring DELTA, currently under construction at the University of Dortmund. Furthermore, detailed information about the accelerator itself and the first FEL experiment (FELICITA I) are given.

The Making of a Smoke-free Medical Center

The concept of smoke-free medical facilities is in its formative stages, and such policies have received broad support. Although smoking has been restricted at Mayo Medical Center for many years, in 1986 it was decided that the medical center should become smoke free. This report summarizes the methods used in developing and implementing a smoke-free policy. This experience suggests that with proper planning, the implementation can be smooth. The message being given to patients and staff concerning the health risk of smoking is now more consistent, and there has been wide acceptance of the policy by staff and patients. It is concluded that such a policy can be effectively implemented, if it is well planned and supported.

The making of a smoke-free medical center

The concept of smoke-free medical facilities is in its formative stages, and such policies have received broad support. Although smoking has been restricted at Mayo Medical Center for many years, in 1986 it was decided that the medical center should become smoke free. This report summarizes the methods used in developing and implementing a smoke-free policy. This experience suggests that with proper planning, the implementation can be smooth. The message being given to patients and staff concerning the health risk of smoking is now more consistent, and there has been wide acceptance of the policy by staff and patients. It is concluded that such a policy can be effectively implemented, if it is well planned and supported.

On Development of an Operational Model for a Community Storage System: A Case-Study for a Developed Region

Abstract The present paper discusses the need, concept and working of a community storage facility for foodgrains. Nevertheless, the management of such a facility will have multiple, conflicting objectives. The present study is a case-study from a developed region of Union Territory of Delhi and attempts to formulate a Linear Goal Programming model with specific objectives of providing storage facility for the entire production, minimization of storage and handling losses, maintenance of buffer stock, welfare of the growers, minimization of transportation cost, market stabilization and finally, even to help the agro-industrialists. The model has been illustrated and concluded with the potentiality of Goal Programming in planning and management, from its informational value.

Design,Construction and Maintenance of Facilities for Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition

In this paper, I introduced the design concept of cold region's facilities as an example of buildings designed for Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition. On the design process, careful concern on amenities of isolated wintering life and mental condition of crew are very important. I think,the Antarctic shall be a suitable educational field for the training of crew in the space development projects. Many simulation works will be possible the Antarctic for space development projects.