Generation Facilities Research Articles

Vehicle or power grid? Subsidy policy performance evaluation of China's plug in hybrid electric vehicles promotion and power grid cleaning construction

China has implemented strong incentives to promote the market of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The increase of PHEV will lead to an increase in electricity consumption, and more power generation will also lead to more carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the environmental benefits of the subsidy policy. In this study, we calculated the CO2 emission reduction and the increase of grid power generation and the CO2 emission from the investment and construction of clean energy power generation facilities caused by the subsidy of PHEV from 2016 to 2020, and evaluated the effect of PHEV subsidy through the multi-period DID model. The results show that replacing ICEV with a PHEV will reduce CO2 emissions by 12.38 kg per 100 km. Under the existing grid structure and power generation conditions, the promotion of PHEV will have a positive impact on CO2 emissions, but the effect is short-lived. Without considering other costs, the investment in clean energy power generation facilities at this stage will achieve better CO2 emission reduction effect than the promotion of PHEV.

Copper(I)-Catalyzed Enantioselective α-Alkylation of 2-Acylimidazoles.

Catalytic asymmetric α-alkylation of simple carboxylic acid derivatives is a challenging issue due to the difficulties in achieving high catalytic efficiency and controlling the enantioselectivity. Herein, by using a copper(I)-(R)-DTBM-SEGPHOS complex as a catalyst and 2-acylimidazoles as pronucleophiles, a general method for the catalytic asymmetric α-alkylation of simple carboxylic acid derivatives is accomplished. Various alkyl electrophiles, including allyl bromides, benzyl bromides, propargyl bromide, and unactivated alkyl sulfonates, serve as efficient alkylation reagents. The reaction enjoys the advantages of an easy reaction protocol, good functional group tolerance, and high enantioselectivity. 2,4,6-Trimethylphenol is found as an effective additive to increase yields. Preliminary 1H NMR experiments indicate the precoordination of 2-acylimidazoles to a copper(I) catalyst, which might acidify the α-hydrogens of 2-acylimidazoles and allow facile generation of stabilized copper(I) enolates. Finally, the synthetic utility of the present method is demonstrated by the asymmetric formal synthesis of AZD2716, a potent secreted phospholipase A2 inhibitor.

Energy storage system for increasing electric-power stability

At present, energy storage systems are being generalized due to the necessity of providing stable and good-quality electrical service in all homes. Solutions are given to Ecuador's electrical power system using distributed generation facilities with different renewable energy sources. However, some of those facilities in the Province of Manabí are located relatively far from the power consumption areas, causing an energy deficit in some electrical feeders when demand increases. The objective of the present study is to analyze the functioning of an electrical feeder when energy storage systems and photovoltaic systems are connected as a hybrid system. Two different software, CYME, and ArcGIS, were used to analyze the electrical power system in the province object of study and to design the simulation that showed better functioning of the electrical feeder when energy storage systems are connected than with connection to photovoltaic systems.

DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL ''GREEN'' TARIFF RATE FOR REMOVING SOLAR POWER PLANTS FROM THE BALANCING GROUP OF ''GUARANTEED BUYER'' STATE ENTERPRISE

The article examines the mechanism and funding of the "green" tariff in Ukraine, whose primary goal is to increase the share of electricity generated from renewable energy sources (RES) in the overall energy system balance. The functioning of the State Enterprise "Guaranteed Buyer" (GarPok), which serves as the main purchaser of electricity under the "green" tariff, is described, along with the sources of funds for the payment of this tariff, such as transmission fees, financial support from the state budget, and revenues from the sale of guarantees of origin. The current state of "green" tariff financing and its associated challenges, including the National Energy Company "Ukrenergo" debt to GarPok and the absence of revenue from the sale of guarantees of origin, are analyzed. The paper also discusses aspects of RES generation exiting GarPok's balancing group, including the opportunities for selling electricity on various markets. The results of an analysis of the efficiency of RES generation in the electricity market are presented, and the minimum green tariff level at which renewable energy generation exits the balancing group of SE "Guaranteed Buyer" is determined. The number and installed capacity of generation facilities operating on the electricity market through traders' balancing groups are also provided. Keywords: Green tariff, renewable energy sources (RES), negative imbalances, positive imbalances, electricity market, energy supply.

Factors to Promote Construction of Mega-Scale Solar Power Generation Facilities from the Viewpoint of Local Residents in Vietnam

Factors to Promote Construction of Mega-Scale Solar Power Generation Facilities from the Viewpoint of Local Residents in Vietnam

Environmental Impact of Electrification on Local Public Transport: Preliminary Study

The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the environmental impact of diesel and electric buses, with a focus on pollutant emissions along a mixed urban–rural route in small urban settings. Utilizing a detailed simulation model, this research compares emissions from a diesel bus and an electric bus on a specific route in a small town in central Italy. Key findings reveal that electric buses significantly reduce local exhaust emissions but are not entirely emission-free, considering the full life cycle, including electricity generation. The Well-to-Wheel analysis shows lower CO2 emissions for the electric bus compared with the diesel bus, with a substantial part of the emissions occurring at power generation facilities. Non-exhaust emissions, especially Total Suspended Particles, are similar for both bus types. This study highlights the advantages of adopting electric buses in urban areas to decrease local air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. However, it also underscores the importance of cleaner electricity generation methods to fully leverage the environmental benefits of electric vehicles. The findings provide valuable insights for decision makers and urban planners in developing sustainable urban transportation systems.

On the transition to the use of modern lubricants in systems of energy facilities

The analysis of turbine oils currently in use is given. The classifications for petroleum base oils according to the systems developed at JSC VNIINP and the American Petroleum Institute are presented. The transition from the operation of turbine oils of the first group to more advanced oils obtained on the basis of base oils of the second group and above is justified. The problems that may arise when replacing oils of the first group with modern oils in connection with the processes of mixing energy oils of various formulations are outlined. The mixing process is complicated by the compatibility factors of both the commercial products themselves and the additive compositions used, as well as possible contamination with oil sludge of lubricants in operation and possible contamination with water and mechanical impurities of the new energy oil at the delivery stage. The necessity of analyzing the possibility of mixing is explained both by the compatibility of the energy oils being tested and by the compatibility of the additive package used in them. A list of indicators is presented by which it is possible to judge the possible compatibility of the energy oils under consideration. The results of the compatibility analysis are presented. In modern foreign policy conditions, for the Russian Federation, there is a need to activate Russian developments and provide modern lubricants for a new generation of energy facilities. A possible solution to this issue, developed by the specialists of the NRU MPEI, is presented. A system for the production of oil distillate with subsequent production of base (group III) and commercial oil for high-ash initial coals of the brown coal and early black coal stages of coalification of coal basins closed for development is presented.

Dynamic modeling of post-combustion carbon capture process based on multi-gate mixture-of-experts incorporating dual-stage attention-based encoder-decoder network

Solvent-based post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) technology is a promising, near-term solution for decarbonizing power generation and industrial facilities. Model-based process simulation is crucial for the optimal design and operation of the PCC process. Recently, data-driven models have gained attention due to their adaptability, efficient computation and high accuracy. However, the nonlinearity, strong couplings and multi-time scale features of the PCC process pose significant challenges for model identification. To this end, this paper proposes a multi-gate mixture-of-experts incorporating dual-stage attention-based encoder-decoder (MMoE-DAED) network for dynamic modeling of the PCC process under wide operating conditions. An encoder-decoder composed of long short-term memory (LSTM) network is employed to extract features from the time-dependent input data and learn the complex dynamic interactions caused by the inertial and delay properties of the process. Dual-stage attention mechanism is incorporated into the encoder and decoder respectively to select the most relevant input features and their correlations within the time series data. To enhance multi-output prediction accuracy, multi-gate mixture-of-experts (MMoE) framework that considers correlations of multitask learning is implemented. Simulation results using operating data from a PCC experimental setup indicate that the proposed modeling approach accurately predicts the steady-state values and dynamic trends of the CO2 capture rate and stripper bottom temperature over a wide operating range. The RMSE, MAPE and R2 indices for the CO2 capture rate are 2.1592, 0.0295, 0.9641, respectively, and for the stripper bottom temperature are 0.1491, 0.0003, 0.9833, respectively. Validations on a PCC simulator further verify the accuracy and efficiency of the MMoE-DAED model, which enables an 80.87% reduction in computation time compared to the simulator. This paper points to a new direction for the data-driven dynamic modeling of complex energy conversion processes.

A Tri-Level Transaction Method for Microgrid Clusters Considering Uncertainties and Dynamic Hydrogen Prices

The advancement of hydrogen technology and rising environmental concerns have shifted research toward renewable energy for green hydrogen production. This study introduces a novel tri-level transaction methodology for microgrid clusters, addressing uncertainties and price fluctuations in hydrogen. We establish a comprehensive microgrid topology with distributed power generation and hydrogen production facilities. A polygonal uncertainty set method quantifies wind and solar energy uncertainties, while an enhanced interval optimization technique refines the model. We integrate a sophisticated demand response model for hydrogen loading, capturing users’ behavior in response to price changes, thereby improving renewable energy utilization and supporting economically viable management practices. Additionally, we propose a tri-level game-theoretic framework for analyzing stakeholder interactions in microgrid clusters, incorporating supply–demand dynamics and a master–slave structure for microgrids and users. A distributed algorithm, “KKT & supply-demand ratio”, solves large-scale optimization problems by integrating Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions with a heuristic approach. Our simulations validate the methodology, demonstrating that accounting for uncertainties and dynamic hydrogen prices enhances renewable energy use and economic efficiency, optimizing social welfare for operators and economic benefits for microgrids and users.

High Spectral Resolution Observations of Propynal (HCCCHO) toward TMC-1 from the GOTHAM Large Program on the GBT

We used new high spectral resolution observations of propynal (HCCCHO) toward TMC-1 and in the laboratory to update the spectral line catalog available for transitions of HCCCHO—specifically at frequencies lower than 30 GHz, which were previously discrepant in a publicly available catalog. The observed astronomical frequencies provided a high enough spectral resolution that, when combined with high-resolution (∼2 kHz) measurements taken in the laboratory, a new, consistent fit to both the laboratory and astronomical data was achieved. Now with a nearly exact (<1 kHz) frequency match to the J = 2–1 and 3–2 transitions in the astronomical data, using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis, a best fit to the total HCCCHO column density of 7.28−1.94+4.08×1012 cm−2 was found with a surprisingly low excitation temperature of just over 3 K. This column density is around a factor of 5 times larger than reported in previous studies. Finally, this work highlights that care is needed when using publicly available spectral catalogs to characterize astronomical spectra. The availability of these catalogs is essential to the success of modern astronomical facilities and will only become more important as the next generation of facilities comes online.

MONITORING SISTEM PROTEKSI KEBAKARAN AKTIF PADA PLTU ANGGREK 2 X 25 MW

The Anggrek Unit Steam Power Plant (PLTU) is a power generation facility whose construction began in 2007 and began operating in 2019 with a capacity of 2 x 25 MW. Since its inauguration, PLTU Anggrek has become one of the main sources of electricity distribution in Gorontalo Province, so the frequency of power outages in the area has now decreased significantly. The water supply system for fire fighting uses BSP pipes. In this research, the aim is to determine the active fire protection system. This research was carried out with a qualitative descriptive design with data collection: observation and interviews. The assessment of the results of existing suitability will be assessed using descriptive percentage calculations. The research results show that of the 7 variables discussed, the average value for the level of fulfillment is 98.57%. Based on the level of fire audit assessment that meets the requirements of Indonesian national standards and international standards, the results are in the Good criteria or have met the requirements.

Enhancing healthcare operations: a systematic literature review onapproaches for hospital facility layout planning.

The appropriate physical layout of hospital services can help resolve management problems by streamlining the work of medical teams, improving the flow of patients between specific areas and the medical support environment. Nevertheless, the academic literature lacks structured research into how the physical layout of hospitals might be improved. Our study aims to fill this research gap, providing information for researchers and professionals who intend to guide the hospital facility layout planning (HFLP) from the steps and prescribed approaches found in the literature. This study analyzes the current literature status and concerning approaches that support HFLP and identifies their strengths and weaknesses. The literature was classified using the following criteria: approaches for layout generation, approaches for layout evaluation and healthcare facility layout outcomes. The hospital facility layout outcomes achieved for each phase served as a basis for identifying a list of strengths and weaknesses for the hospital layout facility generation and evaluation approaches. Readers can refer to this paper to identify the approach that best fits the desired goal and the HFLP step. This is a contribution to current studies into HFLP, and it provides guidelines for selecting the approach to be utilized based on the desired outcome. The paper describes how to conduct an HFLP and lists the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. The research may be used as a strategy for determining which tool is most suited based on the practitioner's target purpose.

Facile Generation of Trideuteromethyl Radical from Alkylsilyl Peroxide and Subsequent Functionalization

AbstractCu‐ and Fe‐ catalyzed trideuteromethylation reactions using alkylsilyl peroxide as trideuteromethyl radical precursor are reported. The alkylsilyl peroxide was synthesized from acetone‐d6 in a three‐step sequence, and the reactions with various coupling partners afforded efficiently the corresponding N−CD3, O−CD3 and C−CD3 bond formation products. The radical heptadeuteriopropylation using alkylsilyl peroxide prepared from butyric acid‐d7 is also described.

Synergetic Effect of Heterojunction and Sulfur Vacancy on ZnIn2S4/CeO2 to Enhance the Photocatalytic Performance of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5‐Diformylfuran

AbstractThe efficient separation of photocarriers and facile generation of superoxide radicals are crucial for enhancing the performance of photocatalysts in the selectively photo‐oxidizing 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF). Herein, a ZnIn2S4/CeO2 composite with S‐scheme heterojunction and sulfur vacancies (SV) is successfully developed through a one‐step hydrothermal method. The optimal catalyst (SV‐ZnIn2S4/CeO2) exhibits excellent catalytic activity with 100% conversion of HMF and 96.1% selectivity of DFF in 80 min under ambient conditions, the production rate of DFF is up to 952.6 µmol g−1 h−1. Intriguingly, the performance remains significant even when the concentration of HMF is increased from 8 to 100 mм. Experimental and theoretical investigations discover that the synergistic effect of S‐scheme heterojunction and sulfur vacancies contribute to the separation of photocarriers and the activation of oxygen, which facilitate the generation of superoxide radicals, thus boosting the catalytic oxidation reactions.

Advancing Nuclear Research and Education in Slovenia and EU: From Operating the TRIGA Reactor to Building a New Generation Facility

AbstractThe TRIGA Mark II research reactor at the Jožef Stefan Institute in Slovenia achieved first criticality in 1966. Since then, the reactor has been playing an important role in developing nuclear technology. The reactor has been mainly used for research, education of university students, training of operators of the Krško nuclear power plant (start of operation in 1983) and other nuclear specialists, isotope production and beam applications. The reactor is experiencing a high level of activity today, engaging in a diverse range of experiments and studies across reactor physics, environmental research, radiation hardness testing as well training and education. The future of nuclear technology in Slovenia is focused on new NPPs, while the research community is looking forward to a possible new nuclear reactor. The basic initiatives are at a very preliminary stage: the primary choice is dual-core pool-type reactor, with a zero-power core and a separate MW-size core, cooled and moderated with light water. Such a dual-core configuration is designed to meet the varied requirements of the European Union member states. Another option would be hosting one or more micro-reactors with electrical and/or heating power producing capability that could offer stronger support toward demonstration of prototype small modular reactors in prototype future electrical grids.

Amorphization engineering of Ni-cysteine coordination composition for urea electro-oxidation at large current density

Unavoidable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the relatively high potential to form real active sites of Ni3+ species severely decrease the efficiency of urea-assisted hydrogen generation facility. Herein, amorphization Ni-cysteine coordination (aNi-cys) is constructed as efficient urea electro-oxidation reaction (UOR) catalyst with highly capable of suppressing competitive OER and promoting the Ni2+ to Ni3+ in-situ electrochemical configuration through deliberately regulating the Ni/l-cysteine coordination environment. The abundant ligand atoms (N, S, and O) of l-cysteine considerably tuned the Ni electronic structure to the most suitable state while the amorphization thin lamellas increased the exposed active sites and befitting for the access of electrolyte to electrode surface, resulting improved UOR activity with a large peak current density of 263 mA cm−2, far exceeding crystalline Ni-cysteine coordination (cNi-cys) and long-term stability for 50 h working. Excitingly, only 41 kWh is required to produce 1 kg H2 (50 mA cm−2) from a home-made urea-assisted simulated seawater electrolysis apparatus, about 8 kWh energy saving from that of water splitting. This work gives a clue for preparing advanced electrocatalysts applicable to urea-related energy system with large current density.

Capacity Factor Forecasting for Generation Facilities Based on Renewable Energy Sources in Decentralized Power Systems

Capacity Factor Forecasting for Generation Facilities Based on Renewable Energy Sources in Decentralized Power Systems

Investigating the impact of nanofluids and exergy metrics for integrated solar-biomass SCO2 power and desalination cycles

Several strategies have emerged for utilizing waste heat across diverse sectors. Yet, integrated systems that merge power generation with freshwater production, especially those leveraging renewable energy, remain relatively unexplored. Addressing this gap, a novel solar biomass-driven system is under development for power generation and desalination facilities. In the suggested system, rather than wasting the energy of a supercritical CO2 power cycle, a bottoming cycle is proposed to augment energy utilization factor (EUF). By integrating humidification-dehumidification, thermal vapor compression, and reverse osmosis (HDH-TVC-RO) with a multi-effect distillation (MED) unit, freshwater production rate is significantly enhanced. The outcomes reveal a freshwater output of 29.36 kg/s, a gained output ratio (GOR) of 17.36, and the EUF of 3.372. Various nanofluids have been assessed for the solar collector and due to superior total exergy efficiency and less corrosion effects, Cu- and carbon-based nanoparticles are recommended. Sensitivity analysis indicates that increasing the pressure ratio of compressors boosts the total GOR. Furthermore, adjustments to both the parameters of pressure of steam fed to HDH-TVC, and the compressor pressure ratio demonstrate a linear effect on EUF behaviour.

Beams of electrons, gammas and fast neutrons at BINP

An overview of test beam facilities at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) is presented. Facility for generation of extracted beams of electrons was designed at BINP for testing of detector prototypes in HEP field. The electron beam energy is from 100[Formula: see text]MeV to 3.5[Formula: see text]GeV. Since 2011, the facility has been used successfully for testing various detector prototypes. On the base of VEPP–4M collider, it is possible to obtain gamma beams too. The energy scale and resolution of calorimeters can be calibrated using edges of Compton and bremsstrahlung spectra. A facility for boron–neutron capture therapy (BNCT) was upgraded to perform radiation tests with fast neutrons with the integral flux up to [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]n/cm2. In 2022, the experiment on the study of the radiation hardness of optical fibers for the laser calibration system of electromagnetic calorimeter and the CMS detector was carried out. It has been demonstrated for the first time that at the BINP it is possible to operate with such doses. It could be further used for the wide range of radiation test tasks related with the development of facilities for HEP.

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF SOLAR POWER ENGINEERING BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE «RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN THE 21

The main results of the reports at the "Solar Energy" section were considered and summarized, in particular, one of the areas of solar energy engineering - solar power generation. Specialists from Ukraine and the Republic of Uzbekistan took part in the work of the section in this field. A total of 32 reports were presented, focusing on topics such as the implementation of distributed generation facilities based on photovoltaic systems, improving the energy efficiency of solar power plants, etc. The reports demonstrated the primary trends to highlight the issues of building and operation of energy-efficient solar power plants in today's realities.