Facile Electrochemical Route Research Articles

Ecofriendly Synthesis of Waste-Tire-Derived Graphite Nanoflakes by a Low-Temperature Electrochemical Graphitization Process toward a Silicon-Based Anode with a High-Performance Lithium-Ion Battery.

Here, the successful transformation of graphitic carbon with a high degree of graphitization and a nanoflake structure from pyrolytic tire carbon black was demonstrated. First, amorphous carbon black with a porous structure was obtained after pyrolysis and simple preacid treatments. Subsequently, the carbon black was converted into a highly graphitic structure at a relatively low temperature (850 °C) through a facile electrochemical route using molten salt, which is ecofriendly and has high potential for large-scale graphitization compared to conventional incineration techniques. Moreover, we further improved the crystallinity and uniformity of the product simultaneously by directly mixing the metal oxide catalyst Fe2O3 with a carbon precursor. The mechanism of this metal-catalyzed electrochemical graphitization has been discussed in detail. To confirm their potential in practical applications, the as-prepared graphitized nanoflakes were used as conductive additives for silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries, which showed a performance comparable to those utilizing commercial Super-P additives, exhibiting an initial Coulombic efficiency of approximately 79.7% and a high capacity retention of approximately 45.8% after 100 cycles with a reversible capacity of 1220 mAh g-1 at a current rate of 400 mA g-1. Hence, successfully recovered waste-tire-derived carbon black utilizing a low-temperature Fe2O3-catalyzed electrochemical process opens a pathway in low-temperature graphitization toward a sustainable value-added application in the field of energy storage.

Construction of self-supported hierarchical CuCo2O4 dendrites as faradaic electrode material for redox-based supercapacitor applications

The hierarchical CuCo2O4 dendrites electrode was directly constructed by a rapid and facile electrochemical route followed by thermal treatment. The engineered dendrites illustrate vertically aligned architecture with primary midrib connected with ceaseless secondary trunks subdivided to tertiary trunks in an ordered arrangement. CuCo2O4 exhibited superior capacitive property (938.4 C g−1), compared to the corresponding mono metal oxides (CuO = 341.6 and Co3O4 = 65.04 C g−1) at applied current density of 12 A g−1. Owing to the constructive features of uninterrupted conductive pathways, multivalent redox species, and structural advantages of CuCo2O4 dendrites, the rationally developed faradaic electrode offers improved capacity of 597.12 C g−1 for 5000 cycles with retention of 83.5% at higher current density value of 30 A g−1. A faradaic supercapacitor was fabricated with CuCo2O4 and activated carbon as cathode and anode, delivered capacity value of 223.65 C g−1 at 8 A g−1 with 93.91% retention value upto 5000 cycles at current density of 30 A g−1. The assembled device exhibited a high energy density of 87.465 W h kg−1 at 4.9 kW kg−1 and still maintained to deliver 30.741 W h kg−1 at 50.99 kW kg−1 upon high applied current density of 30 A g−1. Thus these perspectives pronounce the binder free, fast and scalable synthetic route for the preparation of hierarchical nanostructures for high performance energy storage devices also provides a platform for improvising energy crisis and storage demands.

Electrochemically Decorated Iridium Electrodes with WS3−x Toward Improved Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalyst Stability in Acidic Electrolytes

AbstractIridium‐based oxides, currently the state‐of‐the‐art oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts in acidic electrolytes, are cost‐intensive materials which undergo significant corrosion under long‐term OER operation. Thus, numerous researchers have devoted their efforts to mitigate iridium corrosion by decoration with corrosion‐resistant metal oxides and/or supports to maximize OER catalyst durability whilst retaining high activity. Herein a one‐step, facile electrochemical route to obtain improved IrOx thin film OER stability in acid by decorating with amorphous tungsten sulphide (WS3−x) upon electrochemical decomposition of a [WS4]2− aqueous precursor is proposed. The rationale behind applying such WS3−x decoration stems from the generation of a tungsten oxide phase, a well‐known corrosion‐resistant photoactive OER catalyst. The study demonstrates the viability of the proposed WS3−x decoration, allowing the tailoring of experimental parameters responsible for WS3−x nanoparticle size and surface coverage. OER stability tests coupled by ex situ SEM and XPS corroborate the beneficial effect of WS3−x decoration, yielding improved OER specific activity metrics along with minimized Ir surface roughening, a characteristic of electrodissolution. Iridium decoration with electrodeposited, corrosion‐resistant oxides is consequently shown to be a promising route to maximize OER stabilities.

Easy approach for decorating of poly 4-aminithiophenol with Pd nanoparticles: an efficient electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media

In this work, a polymer composite based on poly 4-aminothiophenol (p-ATP) is prepared via a facile electrochemical route and is used as an appropriate support for Pd nanoparticles. The morphological studies reveal that a nanofiber structure patterned on the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) structure is obtained for the synthesized catalyst viz. Pd/p-ATP/MWCNT. The Pd/p-ATP/MWCNT catalyst delivers a mass activity of 3245 $$ \mathrm{mA}\ {\mathrm{mg}}_{\mathrm{Pd}}^{-1} $$ manifesting its superb electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation in the alkaline media. The vital role of the polymeric substrate on the electrocatalytic activity of Pd nanoparticles is established by comparing the catalytic performance of Pd/p-ATP/MWCNT with Pd/MWCNT. Finally, the superb activity of the synthesized catalyst is explicated according to the mechanism of ethanol oxidation on the synthesized catalyst.

Hybrid supercapacitors constructed from double-shelled cobalt-zinc sulfide/copper oxide nanoarrays and ferrous sulfide/graphene oxide nanostructures

Evolution of renewable energies in the era of the modernized world has been strongly tied up to the incessant development of high-performance energy storage systems benefiting from both high energy and power densities. In the present work, binder-free positive electrodes are fabricated via a facile electrochemical deposition route in which copper oxide nanorods (CuO NRs) directly grown onto the copper foam (CF) are decorated with bimetallic cobalt-zinc sulfide nanoarrays (Co-Zn-S NAs). The fabricated Co-Zn-S@CuO-CFs represent promising specific capacity of 317.03 C.g−1 at 1.76 A.g−1, along with superior cyclic stability (113% retention after 4500 cycles). Negative electrodes were further prepared through a direct deposition of iron sulfide nanosheets (Fe-S NSs) onto the graphene oxide (GO), showing remarkable the specific capacitance of 543.9 F.g−1 at 0.79 A.g−1. Receiving benefits from remarkable energy and power densities (25.71 Wh.kg−1 and 8.73 kW.kg−1) alongside the reasonable life-stability, the fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) devices are on merit for developing high-performance energy storage systems.

Corrosion inhibition by a superhydrophobic surface on aluminum that was prepared with a facile electrochemical route

A superhydrophobic surface featuring high roughness and low surface energy is designed for effective corrosion protection on aluminum via a facile and cost-effective electrochemical route. The effects of the electrolyte composition and electrodeposition time on the surface wettability were investigated. Moreover, the corrosion resistance performance of the as-prepared superhydrophobic aluminum surface was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical noise techniques. The results show that the superhydrophobic aluminum surface obtained at 2 V for 20 min has a high static water contact angle of 155.8°. Both the average corrosion rate and pitting intensity are remarkably inhibited by the as-prepared superhydrophobic surface on aluminum. Moreover, the static water contact angle for the obtained superhydrophobic surface remains above 150° after exposure to 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 30 days. This facile and economical superhydrophobic surface, with its excellent anti-corrosion property and stability, shows significant potential for use in industrial applications.

Facile Electrochemical Synthesis of Highly Efficient Copper–Cobalt Oxide Nanostructures for Oxygen Evolution Reactions

Nanostructured copper–cobalt oxide (CuxCo3−xO4, CCO) electrodes are grown directly on conducting substrates via electrochemical deposition; then, various factors (e.g., oxygen vacancies, electrochemically active surface area, and electrical conductivity) affecting their electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) are studied. The observed OER performance decreases when increasing the annealing temperature due to the nanostructure deformation and agglomeration and the decreased number of oxygen vacancies, electrochemically active surface area, and electrical conductivity. An optimized nanopetal structure of CuxCo3−xO4 (x = 0.95, annealed at 200 °C) shows a considerably high Faradaic efficiency (∼93%) with a remarkably low overpotential (∼230 mV) at a benchmark current density (J) of 10 mA cm−2; at the same J in an alkaline solution (1 M KOH) for OER, it also exhibits high durability (up to 100 h). This study provides a complete guide for designing efficient and robust spinel-type CCO electrocatalysts through a facile electrochemical route.

A Rapid Synthesis of Vertically Aligned Taper-Like K-Doped ZnO Nanostructures to Enhance Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Efficiency

Large-scale K-doped ZnO nanotapers were successfully grown on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate using a facile electrochemical route. The structural and morphologic analysis exhibited that the K-doped ZnO nanostructures had a nanotaper morphology and strong preferential [0001] c-axis direction with a hexagonal polycrystalline structure. The optical results show that the incorporation of K+ ions as the donors in a ZnO lattice leads to substantial modulation of the band gap structure of ZnO nanotapers, which results in a redshift in the ultraviolet emission peaks. The considerable enhancement of performance in K-doped ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can be related to the doping structure, which leads to higher dye loading (3.34 × 10−8 mol/cm2). The good photovoltaic behavior of the K-doped ZnO nanotapers can be attributed to the higher surface-to-volume ratio and large K-doped ZnO nanotaper/ITO interfacial band bending, indicating the potential of a low-temperature aqueous electrochemical approach to synthesizing doped ZnO nanotapers for DSSCs.

Conformal Coating on Inverse Opaline Scaffolds for Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability

The ordered arrangement of meso/macropores in the inverse opaline structure could be beneficial to enhance the performance for several applications, such as sensing, electrocatalysis and filtration. One of the critical concerns for its practical use could be regarded to the mechanical properties of this structured material. We had successfully demonstrated the fabrication of larger-area Nickel inverse opaline films through a facile electrochemical route. In this work, a pulse voltage electrophoretic deposition or CV electro-polymerization was subsequently applied to a metallic inverse opaline film as working electrode. Several experimental parameters, including the recipes for deposition bath and the pulse programs, were explored and studied. With optimized experimental parameters, a conformal coating of oxide or polymeric materials on the skeleton of inverse opals could be successfully achieved. Their mechanical properties were evaluated by nanoindentation and microtensile test. Other structural and compositional characterization were conducted by SEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS analysis.

Photovoltaic behavior of K-doped ZnO nanorods synthesized by a facile electrochemical route

Well-aligned K-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were successfully grown on a FTO substrate using a cost-effective facile electrochemical route. The structural and morphological results indicated the single-crystalline structure of all samples with preferential growth along the c-axis direction. The K doping in the ZnO lattice dramatically influenced the bowing in the valence band edge resulting in the band gap reduction and increased the optical absorption. According to the optical results, the incorporation of K+ ions as the donors into ZnO lattice substantially modulated the bandgap structure of ZnO nanorods leading to formation of new emission centers. This in turn resulted in the redshift of the ultraviolet emission peaks. The optical band gap reduces from 3.26 eV for the undoped ZnO to 3.21 eV for K (10 wt%)-doped ZnO nanorods. The high conversion efficiency of approximately 4.34% is attained for 6 wt% K-doping contents. The good photovoltaic behavior of the K (6 wt%)-doped ZnO nanorods can be attributed to the higher surface-to-volume ratio and the large K-doped ZnO nanorods/FTO interfacial band bending. The findings indicated that K doping of the ZnO nanostructures significantly affects the dye-sensitized solar cells performance.

A Facile Approach of Fabricating Various ZnO Microstructures via Electrochemical Deposition

A facile electrochemical route was proposed for the shape-selective synthesis of ZnO structures on conductive substrates. Our strategy for designing ZnO structures was based on a double-electrodes electrochemical deposition approach, in which the well-oriented ZnO structures with variable morphology on different conductive substrates could be adjusted by monitoring electrochemical parameters (e.g., zinc chloride concentration, deposition potential, and deposition temperature). The variation in deposition parameters led to the ZnO formation of different structures, such as ZnO flowers, sheets and aggregates. In addition, the analysis of I-V characteristics illustrated that the ZnO flowers were composed of sheets clustered on the graphite substrate and exhibited higher dark current than other structures. Furthermore, the remarkable Schottky contact behaviour was found for ZnO flowers deposited on carbon paper and copper foil substrates. This work demonstrates a simple method for tuning the growth of desired ZnO structures and exploring its application in functional optoelectronic devices.

α-Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O nanofilms on Ni foam from simple NiCl2 solution: Fast electrodeposition, formation mechanism and application as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting in alkaline solution

A facile electrochemical route was designed for successful deposition of α-Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O nanofilms on Ni foam (NF) here, employing NiCl2 solution as the electrolyte, which differed from the traditional route of the Ni(NO3)2 electrolyte. Experiments uncovered that under the deposition current density of 10 mA cm−2, the initial concentration of NiCl2 electrolyte strongly affected the phase of the final product. Metallic nickel was deposited at the low concentration and α-Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O was obtained at the high concentration. It was found that the amount of Cl− anions and the deposition current density were two important factors affecting the formation of α-Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O. Interestingly, the as-obtained α-Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O/NF exhibited highly efficient electrocatalytic activity in both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1.0 M KOH. In a two-electrode water-splitting device, the α-Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O/NF deposited at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 for 60 min was selected as the anode and the cathode simultaneously. The electrochemical measurements showed that the as-obtained α-Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O/NF electrode presented excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability matched with Pt/C/NF – RuO2/NF electrodes. Obviously, the present work provides a new path for fast preparation of highly efficient α-Ni(OH)2·0.75H2O electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.

Fixation of CO 2 along with bromopyridines on a silver electrode

Resulting from the drastic increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration day by day, global warming has become a serious environmental issue nowadays. The fixation of CO2 to obtain desirable, economically competitive chemicals has recently received considerable attention. This work investigates the fixation of CO2 along with three bromopyridines via a facile electrochemical method using a silver cathode to synthesize picolinic acids, which are important industrial and fine chemicals. Cyclic voltammetry is employed to investigate the cyclic voltammetric behaviour of bromopyridines. In addition, systematic study is conducted to study the relationships between the picolinic acids' yield and the electrolysis conditions and intrinsic parameters. The results show that the target picolinic acids' yields are strongly dependent on various conditions such as solvent, supporting electrolyte, current density, cathode material, charge passed, temperature and the nature of the substrates. Moreover, in the studied electrode materials such as Ag, Ni, Ti, Pt and GC, electrolysis and cyclic voltammetry show that Ag has a good electrocatalytic effect on the reduction and carboxylation of bromopyridine. This facile electrochemical route for fixation of CO2 provides an indispensable reference for the conversion and utilization of CO2 under mild conditions.

Light-Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution on Spindle-like MoSx Nanostructures Grown on Poly-Salicylic Acid Synthesized through Bipolar Electrochemistry

Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) such as molybdenum sulfide are scientifically and economically considered because of their abundance and capability in electronics, catalysis, and so on. On the other hand, conducting polymers have displayed unique properties and have been widely used in chemistry and materials science. Here, a facile electrochemical route, called bipolar electrochemistry (BPE), is employed to fabricate the MoSx catalyst integrated with a poly-salicylic acid (PSA), as a catalyst support, to enhance the electron transfer characteristics. Electropolymerization was used to prepare PSA on the anodic pole of BP gold microfilm, followed by the BPE electrodeposition of MoSx on the first-designed PSA substrate. Characterization of the as-prepared integrated system reveals a thin layer of spindle-like MoSx nanostructures arranged on a gold microfilm. The PSA offers a synergistic effect in the integrated system of MoSx/PSA, which significantly decreases the hydrogen reduction overpotential with...

A facile electrochemical modification route in molten salt for Ti3+ self-doped spinel lithium titanate

Ti3+ self-doped spinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) particles were synthesized through a facile electrochemical modification route in NaCl-KCl molten salt electrolysis, and the formation mechanism is explored. Alternating Ti3+ self-doping significantly improves the electrochemical performance of the spinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) particle, especially at high charge/discharge rates. According to the report, LTO, once introduced with oxygen vacancies or Ti3+, will decrease the band gap about to 1.54 eV, which can dramatically improve the inherent electronic conductivity. Through the molten salt electrochemical modification technique, the Ti3+ species will be doped onto the surface of LTO, which was confirmed through transmission electron microscopy with EPR (namely electron spin resonance) spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray analysis. As anodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the spinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) particle electrode with self-doped Ti3+ can deliver stable discharge capacities of 168, 152, 131, 120, 102, 93 and 78 mAh g−1 at different rates of 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20C, respectively. Meanwhile, like pure spinel LTO, they also carry strong cycling stability and demonstrate the capacity retention of 92.0%, though after 900 cycles under 5C. Our results indicate that pure-phase LTO is prepared by a molten salt method, and it is then electrochemically modified by a constant current to obtain conductive Ti3+. Self-doped spinel Li4Ti5O12 particles are a good alternative to facilitate the transfer of electrons, especially under high-rate conditions, because it shows good electronic and ionic conductivities. In addition, the molten salt synthesis and the electrochemical modification steps of this method are conducted in the same reactor with a simple process, strong operability and environmental friendly process.

Electrochemical Oxidation of Hf–Nb Alloys as a Valuable Route to Prepare Mixed Oxides of Tailored Dielectric Properties

AbstractMetal oxides with high dielectric constant are extensively studied in the frame of substituting SiO2 as gate dielectric in nanoelectronic devices. Here, high‐k mixed HfO2/Nb2O5 oxides are prepared by a facile electrochemical route starting from sputtering‐deposited Hf–Nb alloys with several compositions. Transmission electron microscopy, grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction, and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy are employed to study the oxide structures, disclosing a crystalline–amorphous transition of the electrochemically prepared oxides by increasing the Nb content. Photo‐electrochemical measurements allow the observation of optical transitions ascribed to localized states inside oxide bandgap induced by the presence of oxygen vacancies for Hf‐rich oxides. Impedance measurements, coupled with withstand voltage and leakage current estimates, provide a comprehensive view of the real dielectric properties of the oxides. The highest ε is estimated for the anodic oxide grown on Hf–39 at% Nb (i.e., 45) but thin film grown on Hf–57 at% Nb alloy shows the best dielectric properties, revealing high dielectric constant, high withstand voltage, and low leakage current. Promising equivalent oxide thickness (down to 0.38 nm) is estimated for the oxide thin layers. The electrochemical oxidation represents a valuable and reliable way to prepare high‐k thin oxide films with tailored and controlled dielectric properties.

Controllable Electrochemical Synthesis of Copper Sulfides as Sodium-Ion Battery Anodes with Superior Rate Capability and Ultralong Cycle Life.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are prospective alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy-storage applications, owing to the abundant resources of sodium. Metal sulfides are deemed to be promising anode materials for SIBs due to their low-cost and eco-friendliness. Herein, for the first time, series of copper sulfides (Cu2S, Cu7S4, and Cu7KS4) are controllably synthesized via a facile electrochemical route in KCl-NaCl-Na2S molten salts. The as-prepared Cu2S with micron-sized flakes structure is first investigated as anode of SIBs, which delivers a capacity of 430 mAh g-1 with a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 84.9% at a current density of 100 mA g-1. Moreover, the Cu2S anode demonstrates superior capability (337 mAh g-1 at 20 A g-1, corresponding to 50 C) and ultralong cycle performance (88.2% of capacity retention after 5000 cycles at 5 A g-1, corresponding to 0.0024% of fade rate per cycle). Meanwhile, the pseudocapacitance contribution and robust porous structure in situ formed during cycling endow the Cu2S anodes with outstanding rate capability and enhanced cyclic performance, which are revealed by kinetics analysis and ex situ characterization.

Samarium-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles with improved magnetic and supercapacitive performance: a novel preparation strategy and characterization

Sm3+-doped magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized through a one-pot facile electrochemical method. In this method, products were electrodeposited on a stainless steel (316L) cathode from an additive-free 0.005 M Fe(NO3)3/FeCl2/SmCl3 aqueous electrolyte. The structural characterizations through X-ray diffraction, field-emission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray indicated that the deposited material has Sm3+-doped magnetite particles with average size of 20 nm. Magnetic analysis by VSM revealed the superparamagnetic nature of the prepared nanoparticles (Ms = 41.89 emu g−1, Mr = 0.12 emu g−1, and H Ci = 2.24 G). The supercapacitive capability evaluation of the prepared magnetite nanoparticles through cyclic voltammetry and galvanostat charge–discharge showed that these materials are capable to deliver specific capacitances as high as 207 F g−1 (at 0.5 A g−1) and 145 F g−1 (at 2 A g−1), and capacity retentions of 94.5 and 84.6% after 2000 cycling at 0.5 and 1 A g−1, respectively. The results proved the suitability of the electrosynthesized nanoparticles for use in supercapacitors. Furthermore, this work provides a facile electrochemical route for the synthesis of lanthanide-doped magnetite nanoparticles.

Electrochemical evaluation of the performance of cathodically grown ultra-fine magnetite nanoparticles as electrode material for supercapacitor applications

Ultra-fine nanoparticles of magnetite iron oxide (Fe3O4) were prepared through a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) assisted cathodic electrosynthesis. According to this method, Fe3O4 was deposited on a stainless steel cathode form an aqueous electrolyte containing 0.005 M Fe(NO3)3/FeCl2 and 0.1 g/L PVA. The structural characterization of the electro-synthesized deposit through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission and transmission electron microscopies (FE-SEM and TEM) confirmed that the product was composed of pure magnetite spherical particles with average size of 5 nm. The surface area of the resulting Fe3O4 nanoparticles was determined to be 171.5 m2/g through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) gas-sorption measurements. The electrochemical performance of the prepared ultra-fine nanoparticles was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry(CV), continuous charge–discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The obtained electrochemical data showed that the prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles had suitable charge storage ability with a specific capacitance of as high as 195.8 F g−1, and they maintain about 94% of their initial capacity after 3000 cycles at a current load of 0.5 A g−1. These data proved the suitability of the prepared nanoparticles for use in supercapacitors. Furthermore, this work provides a facile electrochemical route for the synthesis of ultra-fine iron oxide nanoparticles for application in the next generations of energy storage materials.

New route of fabricating BiOI and Bi2O3 supported TiO2 nanotube arrays via the electrodeposition of bismuth nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of acid orange II

Well dispersed Bi nanostructures were synthesized on TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) via a facile electrochemical deposition route at room temperature, employing Bi(NO3)3·5H2O as the reactant with the assistance of complexing agent and surfactant. The structures of the as-prepared product were characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometer. The influence of preparation conditions on Bi electrodeposition were investigated systematically. The results showed that the concentration of surfactant, the deposition voltage and pH value could markedly affect the morphology of Bi-TNAs. The prepared Bi-TNAs have been used to fabricate BiOI and Bi2O3 semiconductors supported on TNAs, which exhibited high visible-light photocatalytic efficiency for acid orange II degradation. This study predicates a promising path to synthesizing Bi-based photocatalysts on TNAs.