Facial Scrub Research Articles

The effect of different salt concentrations on the physical properties of preparations gel face scrub gracilaria sp.

Abstract Human skin is often exposed to sunlight and pollution so it looks dull and lacks shine. This causes a buildup of dead skin cells so it is necessary to exfoliate using a Scrub. The Scrub material that can be used is salt. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding salt concentration on the physical properties of the face Scrub gel preparation Gracilaria sp. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment with four treatments and five replications. The treatment used was administration with different salt concentrations, namely P0 (0%), P1 (10%), P2 (20%) and P3 (30%). The main parameters observed were the physical properties of the facial Scrub gel preparation which included pH test, homogeneity test, viscosity test, organoleptic test, specific gravity test. While the supporting parameters are irritation test and SEM-EDX test. The results showed that the administration of different salt concentrations had a significant effect on the physical properties of the facial Scrub gel preparation. The best formulation was in the P2 treatment (20% salt).

Designing and Characterizing a Multipurpose Facial Scrub Infused with Chrysopogon zizanioides, Prunus dulcis and Santalum album

This study focuses on the design and characterization of a herbal scrub utilizing natural excipients for skincare applications. The primary objective was to develop a safe and effective product capable of addressing common skin issues such as wrinkles, acne, and excessive oil production. The scrub formulation incorporated a blend of carefully selected excipients, including aloevera, amla, coriander, liquorice, sandalwood, lemon peel powder, khus-khus, almond oil, rose petal extract, and black catechu. Various parameters, including physical appearance, viscosity, pH, spreadability, irritability, stability, and microbial assay, were systematically assessed to comprehensively evaluate the scrub. The results revealed that the scrub demonstrated outstanding cooling effects, skin lightening properties, and efficacy in preventing new pimples. It exhibited a pleasant odor, possessed a brown color, and proved non-irritating to the skin. The scrub's texture was smooth, facilitating easy spreading. In conclusion, the formulated herbal scrub emerged as a safe and efficacious exfoliating product, offering the benefits of glowing skin without any adverse effects. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into the development of a skincare solution that combines natural ingredients for optimal effectiveness and user satisfaction.

Microbeads in exfoliating products: occurrence, abundance, and potential for water contamination in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Microbeads in exfoliating products are a significant source of microplastics entering aquatic ecosystems. This study characterized microbeads in popular facial scrub and body scrub products from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, to quantify abundances and estimate emissions. A selection of facial scrub and body scrub cleansers were collected from local markets and analyzed to quantify microbead properties including the size, color, mass, and abundance of microbeads in the exfoliating cleansers. Results revealed a wide range of microbead sizes (66–1012 μm) and different shapes and colors within and between products. Most contained heterogenous particles of white, green, blue, red, brown, and black spherical microbeads. The range of microbead abundance was 236–942 particles per gram of product. Annual microbead emissions from the use of these products in Ho Chi Minh City were estimated based on population and usage data. The total annual emission of microbeads from facial and body scrubs in Ho Chi Minh City amounted to 1.3 billion microbeads. On a per capita basis, this equaled 880 microbeads per person annually discharged into the local water environment. According to the study, a preliminary calculation indicated that approximately 2640 microbeads were released per year per female student in Ho Chi Minh City. By providing an initial ssessment of microbead pollution arising specifically from personal care items in Vietnam, this study raises awareness of microplastics introduction into Asian coastal zones via cosmetic products. The baseline data establishes a foundation for further investigations. This represents an important step in quantifying and addressing an emerging microplastic source in the region.

From cosmetics to Contamination: Microplastics in personal care products as vectors for chromium in aquatic environments

Microplastics presence in the environment is now a major global issue. Personal care and cosmetic products (PCCPs) contain microbeads and are one of the primary sources of microplastics which contribute to health and ecological risks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of microbeads in a widely used PCCPs (facial scrubs) in the Indian market and the extent to which these microbeads can serve as vectors for toxic compounds like chromium under different environmental conditions. Four of the ten facial scrubs contained microbeads of size ranging from 220 to 600 µm. Based on FTIR analyses, two of the four tested samples (A and B) were made of polypropylene, while the other two samples (C and D) were made of polyethylene. Furthermore, the study revealed that PP microbeads, which are very common, could efficiently adsorb Cr (VI) (3.09 mg Cr/g). Adsorption of Cr (VI) on microbeads was greater in acidic and saline conditions indicating that microbeads can potentially act as vectors for toxic compounds in marine aquatic ecosystems. It was estimated that 4.7 x 1010 microbeads, which amount to 3.8 tonnes of microbeads are released into the environment annually. Based on these results, policy measures for preventing the release of microbeads/microplastics into the environment are suggested.

Formulation and Evaluation of by Herbal Facial Scrub Using Exfoliating Agent

Abstract: Everyone needs cosmetics in order to live a happy and healthy life. Due to their lack of adverse effects, herbal cosmeceuticals are more in demand right now. People utilize variety to protect their bodies,improve their personalities, &avoid body odour, such as foot powder, lipstick, mouthwash, &complexion treatments. Items intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, sprayed, injected into, &other-wise applied part body order to cleanse, enhance, promote attractive-ness, & alter appearance skin are referred to as skin care preparations. This study presents the formulation and evaluation of a facial scrub, aiming to enhance its efficacy and safety. Various natural and synthetic ingredients were selected based on their exfoliating, moisturizing, and skin-nourishing properties. The formulation process involved blending these ingredients in specific ratios to achieve an optimal balance of efficacy and gentleness. The final formulation underwent rigorous evaluation, including physical characterization, stability testing, irritation potential assessment, and efficacy testing . Results demonstrated the formulation's stability, safety, and effectiveness in promoting skin exfoliation, removing dead cells, and improving overall skin texture. This study contributes valuable insights into the development of facial scrubs with enhanced performance and safety profiles, catering to the growing demand for effective skincare products

Assessment and Development of Anti -Acne Herbal Facial Scrub

The preparation of a polyherbal scrub integrated into gel was the primary goal of the current investigation. Natural or herbal cosmetics are those made with natural ingredients to prevent wrinkles, acne, and oil secretion control. Plant parts with antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-aging qualities are typically found in herbal cosmeceuticals. The safest cosmetics to use on a regular basis are herbal remedies, and cosmeceuticals are products that affect the skin's biological processes. The goal of the current study was to make a polyherbal scrub using the following ingredients: orange pill powder, almond oil, rose water, turmeric, sandalwood powder, and neem. Natural or herbal cosmetics are made with natural ingredients to treat wrinkles, acne, and regulate oil secretion.

Microplastics in personal care products and cosmetics in Sri Lanka

In the Sri Lankan context, the lack of baseline studies to mitigate microplastic emissions through personal care and cosmetic products poses a huge problem. Hence this study serves as the first scientific investigation to analyze and characterize microplastics in selected personal care and cosmetic items available in the Sri Lankan markets. Fifteen brands representing five categories (face wash, facial scrubs, baby creams, shaving creams, and skin creams) of personal care and cosmetic items served as the basis for this investigation. Based on a questionnaire survey, from each category, three highly utilized brands were chosen and triplicates from each brand were used for the analysis. All samples were treated with the Fenton reagent to extract microplastics. Then through Nile red staining suspected microplastic were screened and characterized through FT-IR spectroscopy. The Nile Red analysis revealed seven brands of the fifteen to be stained with Nile Red and demonstrate luminance properties under UV light. However, FT-IR analysis proved only six brands contained actual microplastics. Low-density polyethylene and ethylene-propylene copolymer were the dominant types of microplastic. Most microplastics were irregularly shaped and white in color with sizes ranging from 238.55 ± 50.74 to 450.69 ± 174.9 μm. An emission estimation revealed that products FS-01 and FW-03 contain 3.36 ± 0.20 g and 0.2 ± 0.05 g of isolatable microplastics per product. While the present study provides scientific evidence for the availability of microplastics in products in Sri Lankan markets, it also provides a great opportunity to develop relevant policies and regulations to control them.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Anti-acne Face Scrub

During the puberty, an imbalance of internal constituents and hormonal balance may cause many skin problems. Acne is found as a most common skin problem. The current proposal aims to unfold the potential benefits of coriander to combat acne problems. Medicinal plants are used all over the world to treat various diseases due to its variety of phytochemical constituents. Ideally, topical therapy is the primary treatment for many skin diseases. Among the various topical formulations, face scrub has been considered as a potential vehicle due to its non-sticky nature, stability and greater aesthetic value. The objective of this proposed study was to develop a herbal topical facial scrub formulation containing Coriandrum sativum to treat acne and serve as a safe, effective and alternative therapy to the current conventional harmful antibiotics. Extracts of the selected plant were incorporated into a cream base and evaluated for its physicochemical properties such as pH, spreadability and antibacterial activity against S. epidermis. The physicochemical evaluation of the developed formulation showed no lumps along with easy washability, good spreadability and neutral pH. The study results concluded that the ethanolic extract of Coriandrum sativum in a cream base system is an appropriate formulation for the for topical therapy of acne vulgaris.

Responses of activated sludge under a short-term exposure to facial scrub microbeads: implications from treatment performance and higher-life microbial population dynamics.

In this study, four identical laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were continuously operated with different concentrations of microbeads (MBs) (5,000-15,000 MBs/L) to investigate the stress-responses of activated sludge under the MB exposure. It was found that the overall treatment performance (organic removal) of SBRs was fairly affected by short-term exposure to low levels of MBs; however, it was adversely affected as the concentration of MBs increased. The average concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids and heterotrophic bacteria in the reactor fed with 15,000 MBs/L were 16 and 30% less than in the pristine control reactor, respectively. Batch experiments further demonstrated that fairly low concentrations of MBs favored the development of dense microbial structures. Further increasing the MB concentrations to 15,000 MBs/L, however, distinctly weakened the settling performance of sludge. Morphological observations revealed suppressed uniformity, strength, and integrity of flocs reactors with the addition of MBs. Microbial community analyses revealed that the abundance of protozoan species declined 37.5, 58, and 64%, respectively, when SBRs were exposed to 5,000; 10,000; and 15,000 MBs/L as compared with the control reactor. The present work provided new insight into the possible effects of MBs on the performances and operational parameters of activated sludge.

Formulation and Evaluation of Multi-herbal Facial Scrub

The research aimed to produce an herbal facial scrub. The majority of times, the skin on the face is in regular contact with dirt, pollution, and other contaminants. The scrub comprises various natural components that are safe to use, have fewer adverse effects, and have antibacterial, anti-infective, antioxidant, anti-aging, and moisturizing characteristics. The primary ingredient in this scrub is chickpea and another important lemon oil which give better performance. Other ingredients such as Aloe vera (indian aloe) Honey,Neem ,Turmeric,Fullers earth (Multani mitti),Tulsi, Methyl paraben ,Distilled water ,Glycerin etc.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Face Scrub

Abstract: Cosmetics are defined as the products used for the purpose of beautifying, cleansing, promoting attractiveness or alternating the appearance. The aim of study is to formulate and evaluate a face scrub with incorporation of the sapodilla as an active ingredient. For the purpose of enhancing skin beauty, several skin conditions are developed, such as skin protection, sunscreen, anti-acne, and anti-wrinkle products. Despite the enormous health benefits of synthetic substances, which once more cause environmental destruction, demand for herbal items and cosmetics is rising daily. Due to their dual functionality as medications and cosmetics, herbal cosmetics are in high demand nowadays. The name itself indicates that herbal cosmetics are natural and they do not contain any chemicals. Natural ingredients have no side effects, making them the safest and greatest products to use on a daily basis. A facial scrub is a cosmetic or a beauty product used to exfoliate and clean the skin on the face and body. Blackheads, whiteheads, sebum, and skin cells can all be removed by using face scrubs. In this face scrub, sapodilla is used as an active ingredient. The other ingredients like carbopol, methyl paraben, triethanolamine, propylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulphate were added into this face scrub gel. The prepared face scrub were evaluated for various parameters such as organoleptic properties, pH, irritability, washability, grittiness, extrudability, foamability, spreadability and found to be satisfactory outcome. The prepared formulation works well as a scrub that encourages healthy and radiant skin.

The generation of environmentally persistent free radicals on photoaged microbeads from cosmetics enhances the toxicity via oxidative stress

Microbeads used in personal care products have been one of the important sources of microplastics (MPs), and little has been reported on their environmental behaviors and health risks. The characteristics of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and the toxicity assessment of MPs (environmentally relevant concentrations) from cosmetics during photoaging remains largely unknown. In this study, the formation of EPFRs on polyethylene (PE) microbeads from facial scrubs under light irradiation and their toxicity were investigated using C. elegans as a model organism. The results suggested that light irradiation induced the generation of EPFRs, which accelerates the aging process and alters the physicochemical properties of PE microbeads. Acute exposure to PE (1 mg/L) at photoaged times of 45–60 d significantly decreased the physiological indicators (e.g., head thrashes, body bends, and brood size). The oxidative stress response and stress-related gene expression were also enhanced in nematodes. The addition of N-acetyl-l-cysteine induced significant inhibition of toxicity and oxidative stress in nematodes exposed to 45–60 d of photoaged PE. The Pearson correlation results showed that the concentration of EPFRs was significantly correlated with physiological indicators, oxidative stress, and related-genes expression in nematodes. The data confirmed that the generation of EPFRs combined with heavy metals and organics contributed to toxicity induced by photoaged PE, and oxidative stress might be involved in regulating adverse effects in C. elegans. The study provides new insight into the potential risks of microbeads released into the environment during photoaging. The findings also highlight the necessity for considering the role of EPFRs formation in evaluating the impacts of microbeads.

Analysis of anatomy of head and neck: A study through empiricals part- II

In this study we introduce new hypothesis into the anatomical-structure, the head, and neck, neuro-embryology, the nerves and muscles, followed by the physiologic-variants, operational / surgical implications and considerations and then lastly clinical significancy of the study. The wound/damage to the cervical altruistic ganglia can elicit the syndrome-of-Horner, which is ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, and also facial scrub—anhidrosis. The torticollis-transpires as sterno-cleido-mastoid (SCM) muscle-tone abbreviates spasmodically, generating the fluctuating of the neck opposite to aomolous muscle-tome cross or control leads to in biotic if the sterno-cleido-mastoid is incapacitated, also that might be leading to fibrosis as well as margarine of ‘muscle-fiberes’. And as well turn out as a consequence of enhanced muscle - tone, and/or dystonia muscle spasms and spams, lessening from the poignant and sensitive nervousness stress and strain and tension also, and/or unanticipated behaviors. Though, even though, whilst evaluating the traumatic injuries or wounds, it is so crucial to omit or inhibit certain carotid monitorings as well as distinguishing in the interior of the neck.

Formulation and evaluation of exfoliating facial scrub containing avocado and almond extract

Major objective of present study to be prepared a herbo-mineral facial scrub. Majorly facial skin comes in contact with dirt, pollution, dust particles having large number of dead cells. In order to remove dead cells and make skin healthy, clean, nourished some facial preparation are required. Prepared scrub contains various natural ingredients which are safer for use having fewer side effects. Also they possess antioxidant, anti-aging, humectant properties 1 .This exfoliating facial scrub is prepared by using simple mixing method using various ingredients such as avocado extract, coffee beans, almond oil, carbapol 934, hyaluronic acid, preservatives and perfuming agents also added to this preparation with homogenous mixing. Evaluation of this exfoliating facial scrub includes physical appearance, texture, odour, colour, viscosity, Spreadability and washability. Prepared formulation can be used effectively as it shows good exfoliating property, good scrubbing property. It can be used to make exfoliate, healthy, glowing skin.
 Keywords: Exfoliating facial scrub, less side effect, good scrubbing property, glowing skin.

Overview of Herbal Cosmetics

To remain healthy and to appear good, the skin surface requires periodic cleansing to remove dirt, sebum and other secretions, dead cells, crusts, applied make-ups, atmospheric change, and irregular life style. Use of chemical based topical applications extends fast deterioration of skin and their appendix. This requires immediate and suitable procedure which can not only extend benefits to the skin but also helpful in long duration making your skin look charming. Cosmetics play a vital role for everyone to have a joyful and sanguine life. In present scenario herbal Cosmeceuticals have more demand because they have no side effects. People having oily skin suffer from acne, whiteheads and blackheads quite often so scrubbing become more essential. To remain healthy and of good appearance, the skin surface requires frequent cleansing to remove grin, sebus and other secretions, dead cells, crusts and applied make-ups. The current present work is absed upon the the compounding of the the herbal facial scrub by using an identical combination of the herbal drugs. The formulated scrub was evaluated for various parameters such as physical appearance, color, texture, odor, pH, viscosity, irritability, washability, homogeneity, extrudability, spreadability and found fruitful results for all the parameter tested. Thus the prepared formulation can be used effectively as it shows good scrubbing properties and it can be used to make a healthy, clean and glowing skin.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Face Scrub containing Coffea arabica Linn, Myristica fragrans, and Lens culinaris as an Antioxidant and Antiseptic Activity

The research aimed to produce an herbal facial scrub. The majority of times, the skin on the face is in regular contact with dirt, pollution, and other contaminants. The scrub comprises various natural components that are safe to use, have fewer adverse effects, and have antibacterial, anti-infective, antioxidant, anti-aging, and moisturizing characteristics. The primary ingredient in this scrub is coffee. Coffee contains a lot of antioxidant properties. In addition, coffee grounds have a different aroma and a coarse grain and can be used to remove dirt skin cells that have died. The scrub was made with a simple mixing procedure and a variety of materials, including coffee beans, nutmeg, masoor dal, corn starch, and coconut oil mixed in melted beeswax. Other ingredients such as glycerine, light liquid paraffin, stearic acid, tween 80, and a perfuming agent was added to this formulation with effective results.

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Facial Scrub

Cosmetics are defined as products used for the purpose of cleaning, beautifying, enhancing attractiveness, or changing the appearance. Plant-based cosmeceuticals usually contain some of the plants with antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-aging properties. Herbal cosmetics are the safest everyday products with no side effects, and cosmeceuticals are products that affect the biological function of the skin. In this preparation, amla, green tea, cinnamon, Tulsi powder, Multani powder, Kasturi halad, ghee walnut and coffee are used as active ingredients and incorporated into gels prepared with different grades of Carbopol. Other ingredients such as propylene glycol, triethanolamine, and ethyl benzoate were added to the gel along with sodium lauryl sulphate. In this study, various herbal powders were used to formulate herbal face scrubs and evaluated with parameters such as smoothness, appearance, spread ability, irritating pH, detergency, and irritability.

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Biodegradable Microbeads Face Scruber

Plant-based cosmeceuticals typically contain parts of the plant that have antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-aging properties. Daily Cleansing does not remove dead epithelial cells and impurities trapped in the skin pores of. These dead cells and impurities affect the lifespan of the skin when they are trapped in the pores of the skin, resulting in a reduction in skin lifespan, acne and acne. The solution to this problem is to use facial scrubs once or twice a week. It contains exfoliating, mild, natural traditional ingredients. Herbal Face Wash Gel plays an important role in improving cosmetology. Composed of substances such as amino acids, fats and carbohydrates, a balanced diet is required to keep your skin clear, shiny and healthy. The use of natural ingredients to combat acne and wrinkles and to control the secretion of oil is called natural or herbal cosmetics. General face Scrubbers contain crushed seeds to remove dead skin cells, but these crushed seeds are not uniform in size and finely crushed particles cause skin to fall or damage. Overcome To solve this problem, replace the crushed seeds with granules or beads. This safely removes dead cells from the pores of the skin without damaging the skin. Making biodegradable polyherbal microbeads into face scrubber gram powder, green tea, sugar, starch, milk, skin care oils, etc. is a very good attempt. In these refined beads, the outer shell is made of Gram meal and the inner is oil and plant extract. Massage with the outer layer of this pearl will remove dead skin cells and darkening, and the oil inside will spread to the skin, contributing to the growth of new fresh cells. The result is always a young and fresh look.

Formulation and Evaluation of a Laterite Soil Based Scrubbing Effect Herbal Cleansing Bar

Cosmetics play a dynamic role for every person to have a glad and confident life. In the current scenario, herbal cosmeceuticals have more demand because they have no side effects. People often suffer from acne, whiteheads, and blackheads, so scrubbing becomes essential. The main objective of the present study was to prepare a herbal-mineral facial scrubbing effect cleansing bar. Majorly facial skin comes in direct contact with dirt, pollution, dust particles, and many dead cells. Some facial preparations are required to remove the dead cells and make the skin in fine fettle, cleaned, and nourished. The present study formulated a laterite soil-based herbal scrubbing effect cleansing bar for all typed skin using laterite soil powder. In contrast, glycerin soap base, virgin coconut oil, olive oil, bee honey, aloe vera, lime juice, turmeric, and lavender essential oil are used and evaluated by using various parameters such as physical appearance, color, odor, pH, washability, irritants, stability studies, microbial tests, heavy metals, and total fatty matter. It was given fruitful results with all the tests. The herbal formulation had characteristic pleasant order, reddish-brown in color having, light, non-irritant to the skin and quite an elegant, microbial and heavy metal safe product. Thus, the formulated scrubbing effect facial cleansing bar can be utilized efficaciously without a side effect that exfoliates makes healthy, clean, and glowing skin.
 Keywords: Facial scrub, Cosmetic, Herbal, Mineral, Laterite soil

Uptake, Elimination and Effects of Cosmetic Microbeads on the Freshwater Gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata.

The presence of plastic cosmetic microbeads in the environment due to their extensive use in society and inevitable dispersal into wastewater is concerning. Therefore, it is vital to understand the processes of microplastic uptake and elimination by aquatic organisms, and to further assess their potential to cause harmful effects and wider impacts. We therefore investigated the short-term (48-h) and long-term (21-d) uptake, elimination, and effects of exposure to polyethylene microbeads (a mixture of fragments and spheres extracted from commercially available facial scrubs) on the freshwater snail, Biomphalaria glabrata. We found fast uptake in the short-term (75 μg/g/h) and the long-term (6.94 μg/g/h) in B. glabrata exposed to 800 particles/200-mL and 80 particles/200-mL, respectively. Irregular fragments were more easily ingested and egested compared to spheres (ANOVA, p < 0.05) in both 48-h and 21-d exposures. The mean size of the fragments in B. glabrata tissues (413 ± 16 μm) after 48-h exposure was significantly larger than that of the standard sample (369 ± 26 μm) (ANOVA, F3,20 = 3.339, p = 0.033), suggesting that aggregation in the gut may occur. Floating feces containing microbeads were observed in the long-term exposure, which could alter the fate, behavior, and bioavailability of egested microbeads. No significant effects on survival and growth were shown within 48-h or 21-d exposure periods. Thus, further studies on the specific features of microplastics (e.g., their shape and size) influencing uptake and elimination, as well as toxic molecular mechanisms, should be explored in future ecotoxicological studies.