Facial Oil Research Articles

Evaluation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Peel-off Mask Preparation from Combination of Pegagan Leaves (Centella asiatica (L) Urb.) and Charcoal Powder

Pegagan leaf (Centella asiatica (L) Urb.) is a plant that contains flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and saponins that function as antibacterials. Pegagan leaf is combined with activated charcoal powder, which has the job of absorbing facial oil, so that it is formulated in the form of a peel off mask to produce a synergistic effect. This study aims to formulate, evaluate, and test the antibacterial effectiveness of the peel-off mask preparation of pegagan leaf extract at concentrations of 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. This study uses an experimental method by testing the parameters of the physical evaluation requirements and testing antibacterial activity with the disc method on the peel off mask preparation. The results were evaluated for 28 days, and the results of the organoleptic test were stable, homogeneity stable, pH (5.6–6.2), dry time (16–25 minutes), dispersion (6.1-6.4 cm), and irritation (2 respondents). The effectiveness test against the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes has inhibitory power of 12.3 mm in the strong category. So, it can be concluded that the peel off mask produced has stable physical characteristics and can be used as an antibacterial mask.

Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions for Topical Delivery of Tripeptide-3: From Design of Experiment to Anti-Sebum Efficacy on Facial Skin.

The targeted delivery of a hydrophilic Tripeptide-3 to the skin using microemulsions or nanoemulsions for facial oil reduction was the focus of this study. The impact factors affecting oil/water transparent dispersion formation, such as the surfactant system, HLB value, and co-solvent, were identified through the water titration method and pseudoternary phase diagram plots. The interfacial tension between caprylic/capric triglyceride (CCT oil) and water was significantly reduced by the surfactant/co-surfactant combination (Smix) of Cremophore® RH40 and a double-tails co-surfactant, polyglycerol-3-diisostearate, at an HLB of 13 together with a water-to-co-solvent (PG) ratio of 1:1. A two-level full factorial design of experiment (FFD-DoE) emphasized the independent variables of the HLB value, co-solvent, and CCT oil contents affecting the optimal compositions for micro- or nanoemulsion formation. The low-energy spontaneous emulsification of the optimized combination at a low Smix content (10%) yielded the translucent oil-in-water Tripeptide-3 nanoemulsions with an internal droplet size of 25.7 ± 1.20 nm, a narrow polydispersity index of 0.237 ± 0.129, and 70.6 ± 0.58% transmittance. The in vitro skin permeation study revealed a significantly higher skin penetration and retention of the Tripeptide-3 nanoemulsions compared to the high surfactant microemulsions and coarse emulsions. Skin irritation and oil control efficacy were evaluated in healthy volunteers before and after product application for 28 days. The obtained nanoemulsions not only decreased sebum production but also enhanced skin moisture levels. In conclusion, the meticulously designed nanoemulsions, incorporating suitable excipients, show a promising delivery system for hydrophilic peptides to control sebum overproduction in oily facial skin.

Daily use of a bakuchiol and squalane-containing face serum impacts skin esthetics

Objectives: The objective is to determine the impact of an oil-based face serum containing bakuchiol and squalane in improving skin esthetics such as texture and tone upon daily use. Material and Methods: A non-comparative, single-arm study on 50 females (aged 18–50 years) with Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV was conducted for four weeks. The impact of the formulation on skin-related parameters was determined by instrumental analysis and dermatologist evaluation. Cosmetic acceptability and safety of the preparation were recorded through self-evaluation questionnaires. Results: The formulation was safe and well tolerated throughout the study duration. A significant reduction in the appearance of age/dark spots (ITA°), Δ ITA° = 38.28% compared to baseline, was observed in two weeks. Up to 11.9% improvement in skin elasticity was noted in four weeks of usage. The continuous once-a-day application also helped in reducing the transepidermal water loss throughout the study. Conclusion: Regular use of facial oil serum can help improve skin texture and tone.

Oil control and pore refining effects of Fomes officinalis extract based on green deep eutectic solvent

The active ingredients of Fomes officinalis obtained using different extraction methods were compared, and their efficacy in facial oil control, pore refining, and blackhead acne inhibition was investigated. Through a proton exchange reaction, betaine and 2-α-glucosylglycerol produced a natural deep eutectic solvent with surprising extraction properties. The total content of triterpenes and polysaccharides increased by 5.95- and 4.63-fold, respectively, compared to that of ethanol extract, whereas that of polyphenols remained the same (P > 0.05). In cellular experiments, the extract exhibited precise targeted inhibition of inflammatory pathway factors. In subsequent clinical facial trials, research participants showed significant improvements in oil, pores, blackheads, and overall skin conditions. Thus, the extraction process not only guarantees the efficient and efficacious use of resources, but also provides a new option for skin care and clinical treatment.

A novel technique in reducing sebum production and improving atrophic acne scars.

Fractional microneedling radiofrequency (FMR) has gained popularity for the treatment of acne scars, owing to favorable outcomes and short downtimes. This study aimed to investigate FMR use in reducing facial sebum production and treating acne scars. This single-center, prospective, evaluator-blinded trial compared sebum production after three sessions of FMR (Fractora® 24-pin coated tip) performed one-month apart. Results were evaluated with a sebumeter (Cutometer®), sebaceous gland histology, and subjects' assessment. Acne scars were graded according to the Echelle d'Evaluation clinique des Cicatrices d'acné scale, Goodman and Baron's qualitative grading system, acne scar volume measurement, and subjects' assessments. Sebumeter results revealed a significantly decreased (p < 0.05) sebum production since the first treatment, sustained throughout the study period. Histological assessment showed decreased density and size of sebaceous glands. The mean acne scar volume decreased significantly, without a significant increase in the mean melanin levels. Fractora® 24-pin coated tip can be used as an alternative for patients with acne scars, who wish to concomitantly reduce their facial oiliness. A significant decrease in facial oiliness and acne scars' volume can be seen after a single treatment session, with up to 15.48% decrease in facial oil production.

Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Masker Alami Berbasis Yoghurt dan Air Cucian Beras terhadap Kesehatan Kulit Wajah

Staying in the house for a long time can cause facial skin to become dry and oily. The use of a face mask with yogurt and rice water which is rich in nutrients can help with dry or oily facial skin problems. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of natural masks based on yogurt and rice washing water on facial skin health. In this study, a quasi-experimental method was used. In this study, the dependent variable was facial skin and the independent variable was yogurt and rice washing water. The formulation of yogurt and washing water is 2:1. This mask was applied to 19 respondents who were observed before and after using a yogurt face mask and washing water. The skin moisture meter is used, namely the Ckeyin Fluorescence Detector, the average initial humidity is 41.56 and the end is 56.6, which means that facial skin moisture increases and the initial oil level is 31.21 and the end is 21.08, which means the facial oil level decreases. With the help of SPSS set the value of sig. below 0.05 and obtained sig. 0.00. The difference in the average initial and final results indicates that there is an effect of a natural face mask made from yogurt and rice washing water on the moisture and oil content of the face. Based on the organoleptic test through the regression test, the mean and standard error results for the aroma category are 3 ± 0,597; color category 3 ± 0.229; and texture category 3 ± 0.452. The data shows that respondents like the mask formula because it is obtained on a scale of 3 out of 4 and it can be concluded that natural face masks made from yogurt and rice washing water can improve facial skin health.

Protecting and Resolving Facial Skin from UV Rays and Air Pollution

What is acne vulgaris? A commonly diagnosed skin disease concerning clogging and inflammation of pilosebaceous units is called acne vulgaris. Mostly, adolescence and puberty are affected because of hormone and their daily routine. Gender is one of the critical factors to cause acne. Thus, excellent skin cares are needed to prevent acne vulgaris, leading to another symptom, including stress, low self-esteem, and depression. Importantly, due to our surroundings, there are many kinds of pollution that we have to face in our daily lives and cannot be avoided. One of the causes of acne is air pollution; air pollution can come in many kinds, such as UV rays, smoke, or PM (particulate matter). PM carries out small particles in the air that clog our skin's pores or UV rays that directly damage our face if we do not have proper protection, resulting in acne outbreaks. Treating these acne outbreaks can be a lengthy and challenging process. Therefore, this review was to provide and update the method to shield and resolving the fair facial skin among air pollution surrounding. The author conducted this review thought collecting the article from Google Scholar and Pubmed using these keywords, including Acne vulgaris, air pollution, treatment, adolescence, self-esteem, and protection. There are a few steps that will protect and help resolve your skin from air pollution. First of all, cleansing your skin with a gentle cleanser is an excellent option to keep natural moisture in your skin. After cleansing, it is essential to use a gentle and soothing toner that helps remove grease and traces of dirt from blocking your pores, which might trigger acne. Scrubbing is the next step after the toner has been applied; mild scrubbing will ensure your skin is thoroughly cleansed of all harmful particles clogging your pores. Facial oil proves to boost moisten and shield your facial skin from toxic air substances. However, for long-term using facial oil can cause irritation to your skin, another option can be moisturizer instead. Make sure to apply sunscreen to protect against both UVB and UVA rays and apply it multiple times throughout the day when you are exposed to the air pollution. In addition, high sugary, salty and fats diets have the relationship with acne vulgaris. People with acne must avoid these types of food to reduce negative effect to acne. The protection and maintenance of facial skin is significantly important to make our face healthy. Moreover, the perks of having clear and healthy facial skin can boost up your confidence as well as decreasing our stress and anxiety that are being released throughout your body.

Nature-based botanical facial oil oxidative stress protection.

IntroductionUV‐induced oxidative skin stress leads to cutaneous photoaging. The objective of these 2 studies was to evaluate a nature‐based botanical facial oil for the ability to decrease UV‐induced oxidative skin stress.Methods22 females were enrolled in the UVA study, and 10 females were enrolled in the UVB study. Skin chemiluminescence induced by UVA exposure was measured at baseline and after 2 weeks of daily topical application of the nature‐based facial oil was evaluated in study 1. In study 2, UVB‐induced erythema was measured after 8 weeks of twice‐daily topical application of the nature‐based facial oil to a photoprotected site followed by skin biopsy to evaluate sunburn cell formation. In both studies, the treatment response was compared to the response on untreated skin.ResultsThe nature‐based facial oil significantly reduced skin chemiluminescence following UVA exposure, demonstrating antioxidant activity. The nature‐based facial oil also significantly reduced erythema formation following UVB exposure and resulted in reduced sunburn cell formation in 66.67% of subjects.ConclusionTopical nature‐based facial oil can reduce UV‐induced oxidative cutaneous damage.

Vision‐based facial oil blotting paper counting

In the production of facial oil blotting papers, a certain number of papers must be counted before packaging. Currently, the papers are counted by hand, and this is hard work. Also, there are risks of adhesion of dust and wrinkles. In order to solve these problems, we propose a vision‐based approach. After the papers, which are arranged by shifting, are captured, the proposed image processing steps detect the boundaries of the papers. By counting the detected boundaries, the number of papers can be counted. Since the parameters for the proposed image processing are optimized by genetic algorithm, prior setting by a user is not necessary. For the experiments, an image dataset was constructed with six types of facial oil blotting papers. The proposed method achieved higher F‐measure than in other related works. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.

Evaluation of the efficacy of a naturally derived facial oil treatment in reducing signs of skin fatigue and protecting skin against age-accelerating oxidative damage

Evaluation of the efficacy of a naturally derived facial oil treatment in reducing signs of skin fatigue and protecting skin against age-accelerating oxidative damage

PEG-8 Capryliccapric Glycerides와 Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate를 이용한 마이크로 에멀젼에 관한 연구

화장품 분야에 있어서 마이크로 에멀젼은 잘 알려져 있는 처방이다. 액정형 에멀젼은 마이크로 에멀젼의 한 종류이며, 액정형 에멀젼은 기능성 성분을 포집하는데 사용되어 왔다. 액정은 이름이 의미하듯이 액체와 고체 결정의 중간의 성질을 가지는 물질 상태이다. 주로 계면활성제 이중층 또는 마이셀로 이루어지는데 종류도 다양하고 모양도 상당히 많다. 최근, 마이크로 에멀젼은 콜로이드 과학 분야에서 열역학적으로 안정성을 향상시키기 위해 연구되고 있다. 이번 연구에서는 PEG-8 Capryliccapric Glycerides 와 Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate 유화제를 사용하여 마이크로 에멀젼을 제조하였다. 오일과 유화제의 함량 및 2가지 유화제의 비율에 따라 제조된 마이크로 에멀젼을 연구하였다. 또한, 이러한 실험 결과를 바탕으로 기능성 성분을 함유한 액정형 에멀젼의 일종인 페이셜 오일과 클렌징 오일을 개발하는데 그 의의가 있다. One of the popular formulations is microemulsion in cosmetics. A kind of microemulsions is liquid crystal emulsion. Liquid crystal emulsion is used by wrapping functional ingredients. As the meaning of the name, Liquid crystals (LCs) are a state of matter that has properties between those of a conventional liquid and those of a solid crystal. There are various types of Liquid crystals (LCs) consisting of micelles or two layer structures of surfactants. Recently, microemulsion has been studied to improve its stability in thermodynamics of colloid science field. In this study, we prepared the microemulsion with PEG-8 Capryliccapric Glycerides and Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate. We studied the microemulsion with different oil types and different and cosurfactant content ratio. Also, the aim of this study is to develop a facial oil or a cleansing oil containing liquid crystal emulsion with functional ingredients.

Skin characteristics of Chinese men and their beard removal habits

Grooming habits of men in China have some marked differences from those in other areas in the world, with a high percentage of men resorting to shaving with an electric razor. This is influenced by multiple factors, such as a lower facial hair growth density concentrated in a small area around the mouth. Further, there is limited knowledge and misconceptions around the alleged negative skin effects of blade shaving. To compare skin in the shaved area with that of the rest of the face, and to compare the impact of shaving with a modern three-blade razor vs. electric shaving. Pilot clinical studies including 50 and 40 healthy Chinese men, respectively. Skin in the shaved area is different from the rest of the face, with a higher temperature, lower hydration and diminished skin barrier function. Regular shaving with a modern multiblade razor was not statistically different from dry shaving in terms of impact on barrier function. Shaving with a modern multiblade razor could even deliver certain skin benefits in the area of facial oil control and reducing skin flakes.

A promising method for identifying cross-cultural differences in patient perspective: the use of Internet-based focus groups for content validation of new Patient Reported Outcome assessments

ObjectivesThis proof of concept (POC) study was designed to evaluate the use of an Internet-based bulletin board technology to aid parallel cross-cultural development of thematic content for a new set of patient-reported outcome measures (PROs).MethodsThe POC study, conducted in Germany and the United States, utilized Internet Focus Groups (IFGs) to assure the validity of new PRO items across the two cultures – all items were designed to assess the impact of excess facial oil on individuals' lives. The on-line IFG activities were modeled after traditional face-to-face focus groups and organized by a common 'Topic' Guide designed with input from thought leaders in dermatology and health outcomes research. The two sets of IFGs were professionally moderated in the native language of each country. IFG moderators coded the thematic content of transcripts, and a frequency analysis of code endorsement was used to identify areas of content similarity and difference between the two countries. Based on this information, draft PRO items were designed and a majority (80%) of the original participants returned to rate the relative importance of the newly designed questions.FindingsThe use of parallel cross-cultural content analysis of IFG transcripts permitted identification of the major content themes in each country as well as exploration of the possible reasons for any observed differences between the countries. Results from coded frequency counts and transcript reviews informed the design and wording of the test questions for the future PRO instrument(s). Subsequent ratings of item importance also deepened our understanding of potential areas of cross-cultural difference, differences that would be explored over the course of future validation studies involving these PROs.ConclusionThe use of IFGs for cross-cultural content development received positive reviews from participants and was found to be both cost and time effective. The novel thematic coding methodology provided an empirical platform on which to develop culturally sensitive questionnaire content using the natural language of participants. Overall, the IFG responses and thematic analyses provided a thorough evaluation of similarities and differences in cross-cultural themes, which in turn acted as a sound base for the development of new PRO questionnaires.

Foams on the Cutting Edge

This article focuses on how manufacturers have pushed the limits of plastic, glass, and other materials by turning them into sturdy foams. Materials created by mixing a solid with minute spheres of glass ceramic, or polymer are finding an increasing range of uses in industrial and high-tech applications. Microspheres, both solid and hollow, have wide commercial uses. Polymer microspheres appear in the medical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries, for applications ranging from blood circulation tracers in research, to time-release capsules in medicines, to facial oil absorbers in makeup. At Northeastern University in Boston, Teiichi Ando is producing metallic microspheres to investigate various metallurgical phenomena. When the spheres are subjected to extremely high cooling rates, they can form as metallic glasses, supercooled metals that have not crystallized. The resulting spheres are free of grain boundaries and other flaws. Syntactic foam ingots of various alloys have been produced using moderate pressure infiltration of silica-alumina spheres.