Face Of Contemporary Challenges Research Articles

Academic Freedom: Searching an Optimal Model in the Face of Contemporary Challenges

Academic Freedom: Searching an Optimal Model in the Face of Contemporary Challenges

Trusting Our Instincts: Evaluating the Evolutionary and Rational Foundations of Moral Intuitions

This paper delves into the nature and reliability of moral intuitions, building upon Jonathan Haidt’s social intuitionist model, which suggests that moral judgments stem from instinctive reactions followed by rational justifications. By examining Haidt’s experiments, which reveal the primacy of intuitive responses over rational deliberation, this paper seeks to address whether we have valid reasons to trust these moral intuitions. Drawing from evolutionary psychology, it argues that moral intuitions have historically contributed to the survival and success of the human species, thereby providing them with normative value. However, given the rapid advancements in technology and societal changes, these intuitions may sometimes lead to nonoptimal or disastrous outcomes. The paper proposes a rational test to determine the reliability of moral intuitions: we should trust an intuition if its generalized application benefits the human species. Potential counterarguments, such as the historical misuse of evolutionary logic in eugenics, are addressed to underscore the validity of this test. The conclusion emphasizes that while moral intuitions are generally trustworthy due to their evolutionary roots, rational thought must intervene when intuitions become outdated in the face of contemporary challenges.

Permanências, rupturas, transformações: os antifeminismos de ontem e de hoje

From the exposition and analysis of a series of anti-feminist manifestations, retrieved from written and iconographic sources dating from the mid-19th century to the present day, I propose a reflection that nuances the historicity of these phenomena, observing their strategies and rhetorics inscribed in a dynamic of continuities, ruptures, and transformations over time. Additionally, the article presents a brief historiographical overview, highlighting specific interpretations of anti-feminism proposed by Susan Faludi (2001), Florence Rochefort (1999), and Rachel Soihet (2013). Thus, the importance of articulating the past and the present to comprehend anti-feminist discourses is emphasized, paying attention to both the contributions made by specialized bibliography on the topic and their limitations in the face of contemporary challenges.

From Microbes to Microbiomes: Applications for Plant Health and Sustainable Agriculture.

Plant-microbe interaction research has had a transformative trajectory, from individual microbial isolate studies to comprehensive analyses of plant microbiomes within the broader phytobiome framework. Acknowledging the indispensable role of plant microbiomes in shaping plant health, agriculture, and ecosystem resilience, we underscore the urgent need for sustainable crop production strategies in the face of contemporary challenges. We discuss how the synergies between advancements in 'omics technologies and artificial intelligence can help advance the profound potential of plant microbiomes. Furthermore, we propose a multifaceted approach encompassing translational considerations, transdisciplinary research initiatives, public-private partnerships, regulatory policy development, and pragmatic expectations for the practical application of plant microbiome knowledge across diverse agricultural landscapes. We advocate for strategic collaboration and intentional transdisciplinary efforts to unlock the benefits offered by plant microbiomes and address pressing global issues in food security. By emphasizing a nuanced understanding of plant microbiome complexities and fostering realistic expectations, we encourage the scientific community to navigate the transformative journey from discoveries in the laboratory to field applications. As companies specializing in agricultural microbes and microbiomes undergo shifts, we highlight the necessity of understanding how to approach sustainable agriculture with site-specific management solutions. While cautioning against overpromising, we underscore the excitement of exploring the many impacts of microbiome-plant interactions. We emphasize the importance of collaborative endeavors with societal partners to accelerate our collective capacity to harness the diverse and yet-to-be-discovered beneficial activities of plant microbiomes.

Preserving Mojiang Hani Hand Weaving Techniques: Understanding Complexity for Culture and Sustainable Development

Mojiang, located in the southern region of Yunnan Province, China, serves as the historical abode of the industrious and intellectually rich Hani community, boasting a heritage spanning thousands of years. The traditional costumes of the Mojiang Hani people stand as integral bearers of their national culture, adorned with intricately handwoven elements. However, the advent of modern technology and shifts in the social environment have precipitated a marked decline in the prevalence of handwoven techniques within the decorative aspects of traditional costumes. This jeopardizes the continuity of a craft that is deeply woven into the fabric of their cultural identity. This research employs a methodical combination of observation and interviews to purposefully collect data on Mojiang Hani hand weaving techniques. The findings illuminate that the gradual disappearance of these techniques is intricately linked to their inherent complexity, manifesting across five dimensions: classification, materials, process, patterns, and forms. In response to these complexities, the research proposes judicious recommendations aimed at the effective preservation and transmission of Mojiang Hani hand weaving techniques and, by extension, their traditional culture. Beyond immediate preservation efforts, these suggestions form a solid foundation for future research endeavors and the sustainable development of Mojiang Hani hand weaving techniques, fostering a continuum of cultural heritage in the face of contemporary challenges.

Research on Low-Carbon Design and Energy Efficiency by Harnessing Indigenous Resources through BIM-Ecotect Analysis in Hot Climates

In the face of contemporary challenges, such as economic instability, environmental degradation, and the urgent global warming crisis, the imperative of sustainability and energy efficiency has reached unparalleled significance. Sustainability encompasses not only the natural environment, but also extends to our immediate surroundings, including the built structures and the communities they serve. Embracing this comprehensive perspective, we embarked on a mission to conceive and construct a model house that harnesses state-of-the-art energy-efficient technologies. Our goal was to seamlessly integrate these features not only to meet our sustainability objectives, but also to mitigate environmental threats.This model embodies a harmonious fusion of indigenous resources, employing locally sourced stone and employing traditional construction techniques. Through this approach, we achieved significant reductions in carbon emissions and established a framework for passive cooling and heating systems. Moreover, the design is intrinsically attuned to its contextual surroundings, preserving the diverse tapestry of regional architectural styles. This study stands as a testament to the potential of innovative design and technology in shaping a sustainable future. The research employs a multi-dimensional approach, encompassing strategies of architectural design with a traditional planning approach, sustainable material selection, energy efficiency, and life cycle assessment across a diverse set of case studies. Building energy analysis is conducted through the application of BIM (Ecotect), providing insights into how BIM can adapt and thrive in various environments. Key findings underscore that thermal performance, minimizing energy loads, and reducing carbon emissions are pivotal aspects in designating a building as both green and energy efficient.

Education and education with values in the face of contemporary challenges

The current reality, with its multidimensionality and challenges related to the increasingly experienced diversity, affects the sense of stability and security among children and adolescents. Assuming that school is a place where every student has a chance to develop adaptive skills, it is this environment that should provide high-quality role models as well as a focus on stable values that will build social sensitivity and mental strength of students. In this text, we present practical solutions on how to explore the essence of values and at the same time put them into practice. We encourage educators, teachers and caregivers to consider education with values as a way to develop in students a certain philosophy of life that supports their maturation, full development and decisions, and thus fosters inclusion in the community with respect, trust and a sense of meaning. The material contains a theoretical part referring to the assumptions of positive psychology and several ideas, such as exercises on implementing key values.

Psychological aspects of ensuring a positive public perception of the army

The study is dedicated to examining the psychological approaches to ensuring a positive image of the army by society, which is crucial in the context of contemporary socio-political changes and conflicts. Given the increasing importance of national security, forming a positive image of the Armed Forces is essential for maintaining the morale of the population and ensuring their support for military operations. In the course of the study, theoretical analysis of literature and content analysis of media materials were used to explore the psychological approaches to ensuring a positive perception of the military by society. The research showed that forming this image is a complex task that requires coordinated efforts from state institutions, military structures, and the media. The application of psychological technologies, such as information-psychological operations and PR campaigns, as well as the integration of the military into cultural and social projects, significantly enhances the effectiveness of these efforts. Developing communication strategies aimed at different social groups, including youth, the elderly, veterans, and the families of military personnel, allows for more accurate consideration of the psychological characteristics and needs of each group, contributing to more effective formation of a positive perception. Systematic research on public opinion and psychological reactions to various aspects of military service and the activities of the Armed Forces is necessary for timely identification of problem areas and adjustment of communication strategies. An important component is also the psychological training of military personnel, aimed at developing their communication skills, stress resilience, and ability to interact effectively with the civilian population. The use of modern information technologies and new media to disseminate information about the activities of the Armed Forces ensures broad audience coverage and increases trust in military structures. Therefore, ensuring a positive perception of the military by society is a multidimensional task that contributes to strengthening national security, boosting the morale of the population, and forming a stable social environment in the face of contemporary challenges.

Theoretical foundations of developing school management skills of future teachers: Global trends and analysis of training in the education system of Kazakhstan

Relevance. The relevance of this study is due to the rapid changes in the educational environment caused by the development of information technologies and the increasing socio-cultural diversity of school communities. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to identify the best methods of developing school management skills of future teachers in the face of contemporary challenges and changes. Methodology. The study employed systematic approach and methods of analysis, comparison, synthesis, deduction, induction, and classification. Results. A comprehensive review of the education system in Kazakhstan was undertaken, including the changes brought to the system within the framework of the renewed content of education. The analysis of the statistics of students enrolled in pedagogical specialities revealed a steady interest in pedagogical sciences, as the number of enrolments for the decade increased by 45%. The dynamics of the number of general-education schoolteachers revealed in the study also suggested that the demand for representatives of this profession is steadily growing. As a result of investigating the practices of training future teachers for school management in educational leader countries, the unique characteristics of each training system were revealed. Conclusions. Based on the findings of this study, concrete teaching methods and techniques were presented to develop effective communication and cooperation skills in different educational and social contexts to effectively prepare future teachers for school management. Furthermore, it was substantiated that the specificity of school management training consists in mastering modern educational technologies, analysing data, and applying effective assessment strategies, which ensures readiness for prompt response to changes in the educational system and introduction of innovations in pedagogical practice. Keywords: professional competences; leadership; pedagogical training; modernisation of training; international practices

Current relevance of sociology in contemporary societies

The purpose of this research is to study the current relevance of sociology in contemporary societies. A historical analysis was made with reference to two very important authors: Auguste Comte, creator of sociological positivism, and Anthony Giddens, recognized for his theory of structuring and his holistic view of modern societies. Sociology was the fruit of the immense social transformations that took place in the last two centuries. The analytical method was adopted, which is a research method derived from the scientific method and is used in the social sciences to diagnose problems and solve them. The main implications show that in the face of contemporary challenges, sociology is emerging as a pillar in the critical analysis of society and educational systems must strive to keep it in the curriculum.

Wacana Dinamis Nahdlatul Ulama: Analisis Kritis terhadap Perubahan Sosial

This research presents critical study of Nahdlatul Ulama’s dynamic discourse on social change. The background of this study is rooted in the significant role of NU in the history of Indonesia, particularly in the realm of cultural and religious ideologies. The research methodology employed encompasses a combination of qualitative approaches and document analysis to attain a comprehensive and profound comprehension, to understand how the NU tradition is integrated into moderate thinking and the extent to which the transformation of such thinking can act as a catalyst for societal progress. The theoretical framework of this research encompasses a profound understanding of the traditional values of NU, the concept of moderation as the cornerstone of thinking, and how thinking evolves in the face of contemporary challenges. The results of the analysis indicate that NU traditions not only persist in everyday life but are also effectively assimilated into the modern context. Moderation, as a pivotal aspect of NU thought, emerges as a crucial component in promoting interreligious dialogue and contributing to political stability. The transformation of NU's thinking is evident in its response to advancements in technology and science. Although NU thinking encounters challenges, particularly in preserving cultural heritage, this study underscores the opportunities for the development of NU thinking in the future. The conclusions of this study offer a critical evaluation of NU's impact on societal change and emphasize the significance of comprehending and permeating traditional values while remaining relevant in the face of evolving times. The implications of this research hold valuable insights for academics, practitioners, and policymakers in supporting the positive development of a society founded on the moderate values of NU.

In Search of a More Balanced Engineering Curriculum: The Perspective of Students, Teachers, Alumni and Employers

The purpose of this paper is to raise important issues in engineering education in the face of contemporary challenges and demands through the voices of different stakeholders in engineering curricula and in the practice of professional engineering. Several challenges and future perspectives are based on important skills, like soft skills, which are required by employers and include communication, decision-making, problem-solving, leadership and emotional intelligence, as well as the ability to work with people of different backgrounds and apply technical knowledge. A qualitative data analysis of interviews with students, alumni, teachers and employers revealed the demand for more balanced qualified curricula for higher education institutions in the field of engineering. This includes the promotion of collaborative learning spaces, authentic learning experiences based on engaging students in real situations, project-based learning, industrial visits, guest lectures and problem-solving methodologies that are perceived by these stakeholders as essential in the construction of a curriculum, in line with the specific technical competences of each area.

Człowiek i jego historia w muzeach. Kilka uwag w związku z 26 Generalną Konferencją ICOM w Pradze

From 20th to 28th August 2022, the 26th ICOM General Conference took place in Prague. Its main theme was “The Power of Museums”. The conference was the product of a long discussion about defining the contemporary role of museums and their obligations to the past, present, and future. In the article titled: The Humans and their History in Museums. A few Reflections about the 26th ICOM General Conference in Prague the author discusses the course of proceedings and asks questions about the character and nature of the museum’s work in the field of history as an academic discipline. Some of the most important questions discussed in the paper include those on: museums’ aspirations in the field of sensual depiction of history; the relationship between the tangible and intangible heritage within museums’ method of work; the role of heritage interpretation as the basic tool of contact with the audience; and the urgent issue of neutrality and institutions’ engagement in the face of contemporary challenges. The source materials used in order to find answers to these questions are the legal acts about museums; the resolutions of the 1st Congress of Polish Museum Professionals (April 2015 in Łódź); and the definitions that constitute museums, both through legal acts on the state level and those passed by the International Council of Museums (ICOM).

Teoria nie jest dla amatorów. Hugo Merlo rozmawia z Estêvão De Rezende Martins

In this interview, Professor Estêvão de Rezende Martins, an emeritus professor at the University of Brasilia, discusses his intellectual journey and research interests in the theory, philosophy, and methodology of history and historiography. The conversation delves into the development of historical thinking and consciousness, exploring how human existence is inherently historical and how individuals relate to their experiences through cognitive operations and historical culture. Moreover, the interview explores the evolution of the theory of history in Brazil, emphasising the shift from the speculative reflections of the philosophy of history to the meth-odological rigour of the theory of history or epistemology of history. The role of academic historiography in the face of contemporary challenges, such as the recognition of non‑human or post‑human planetary agencies, is also addressed. Martins discusses the diversification of his-toriography and its autonomy in exploring previously neglected topics, along with the need for historical education to empower individuals to think independently and critically in our border-less, globalised world. Ultimately, the interview sheds light on the ongoing theoretical experi-mentation in the field of history and the potential impact on historiographical practice in the future.

Digital technologies and food security during crisis: COVID-19 experiences from smallholder farmers in Odisha, India

This research explores the significance of digital agricultural technology concerning food security for smallholder farmers and their communities in Odisha, India, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is a collaborative effort between academic researchers based in Canada, 15 small-scale farmers from Odisha, and the India-based social enterprise, eKutir. The farmers’ experiences utilizing eKutir’s technology are examined to understand how it aids them in meeting their food security requirements, sustaining their livelihoods and participating in local food systems before and during the pandemic. eKutir shares transactional data that illustrate how their platform facilitates food movement through local food systems during the pandemic while exploring its potential to enhance food security and food system resilience further. The primary goal of this research is to strengthen the adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers and the food systems dependent on them, particularly during non-conflict crises like the COVID pandemic, that affect economic, physical, and social aspects of life. This research is also intended to contribute to the continued development of digital technology in a way that supports smallholder farmer interests. Our findings reveal that access to eKutir’s platform enabled farmers to remain connected to essential markets, continue earning income, and support local food systems during the COVID pandemic. While potential negative consequences associated with data-focused agricultural technologies can acrue, when technology design is guided by and tailored to the needs of resource-constrained farmers, it can substantially contribute to their resilience in the face of contemporary challenges and risks.

Međunarodno pravo u suzbijanju lažnih vesti - dometi i alternative

This paper delves into the intricate role of international law in countering the surge of fake news, particularly within the digital realm, and its potential ramifications for international peace and security. The analysis draws upon various sources of international law, including the principle of non-intervention, the International Convention Concerning the Use of Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace, and the Convention on the International Right of Correction, as well as secondary literature that examines the relationship between fake news and international law. The findings suggest that while international law establishes a framework discouraging the creation and dissemination of fake news by entities subject to international law, this regulatory structure proves insufficient in the face of contemporary challenges. Presently, establishing the culpability of a specific entity for the production and/or dissemination of a particular piece of fake news has become exceedingly complex. Furthermore, achieving a consensus within the international community on this issue seems implausible, hindering the likelihood of further development of international law in this domain. Consequently, the author proposes three alternative avenues for regulating fake news: first, through national legislation, as exemplified by the Republic of Serbia; second, via supra-national European legislation; and third, through "self-regulation" by multinational information companies such as Alphabet, Meta, and Twitter. Each of these approaches represents distinct strategies that could offer more pragmatic and feasible solutions in the ongoing battle against the proliferation of fake news.

Revitalization of cultural heritage in the digital era: A case study in Taiwan

<p>Cultural heritage organizations worldwide face daunting challenges, grappling with workforce shortages and financial constraints that often result in service closures, postponements, or cancellations. In response to these difficulties, we delved into the evolving interaction between cultural heritage sites and society, especially considering the profound socio-economic repercussions of the global pandemic at these sites. We scrutinized the dynamic heritage of community engagement, with a particular focus on pioneering methods to augment the participation and awareness of younger individuals. We focused on innovative methods to enhance the involvement and awareness of young individuals. Employing a comprehensive content analysis through a multiple case study approach, cultural heritage initiatives in Taiwan were investigated, emphasizing the pivotal role of technology and digital platforms in engaging young audiences. Using a comprehensive content analysis approach within a multiple case study framework, we examined various cultural heritage initiatives in Taiwan. Notably, we accentuated the crucial role played by technology and digital platforms in captivating younger audiences. Through theoretical sampling and triangulation methods, including semi-structured interviews, secondary sources, and participant observation, we sought to obtain a holistic understanding of the subject matter. The research findings underscore the pivotal importance of digital experiences as supplements to physical presence, providing a gateway to cultural heritage exploration. Moreover, we advocate for heritage sites to harness digital platforms effectively, encouraging collaborations with external partners to enrich visitor experiences. We also offer valuable recommendations aimed at enhancing customer engagement and communication with the younger demographic, thus making significant contributions to the cultural heritage sector in Asia. Furthermore, this research signifies a notable transition from traditional physical service design to online platforms, leveraging technology to inspire and engage diverse generations. By embracing digital tools, cultural heritage sites not only attract new visitors but also retain the interest of existing ones amidst an ever-evolving societal landscape. Ultimately, this study sheds light on the imperative nature of cultural heritage preservation and adaptation in the face of contemporary challenges, emphasizing the need for innovation and resilience in this vital sector.</p>

The Utilization of Digital Marketing and Entrepreneurial Skills in Enhancing Business Success for MSMEs in Bogor City

Indonesia hosts a substantial number of micro, small, and medium enterprises (UMKM), comprising around 99.99% (65.5 million units) of businesses in 2018, as stated by the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs. Despite their micro classification, these enterprises play a significant role, contributing about 89.2% to Indonesia's workforce and making vital economic contributions. However, 5.9% of businesses still feel the positive impacts of Covid-19. Among them, resilient businesses (5.9%) adapt by expanding marketing channels, with social media networks being a key strategy for digital marketing communication. To assess the impact of digital marketing and entrepreneurial skills on UMKM success in Bogor City, this study employed a quantitative approach. The questionnaire-based research involved 100 randomly selected participants from a population of 3,845 UMKM business players in Bogor City. Using PLS-SEM analysis, the research scrutinized the integrated framework required for this strategy. Notably, Bogor City, facing a 60% UMKM income decline during the pandemic, served as a focal point. The study utilizes SEM methodology within an explanatory research design to explore the dynamics of UMKM success in the face of contemporary challenges.

Orthodoxy in the Face of Contemporary Challenges: The Ukrainian Context

Orthodoxy in the Face of Contemporary Challenges: The Ukrainian Context

New Information Technologies and Data Security

The paper provides a review of the research workshop “New Information Technologies and Data Security” took place on 23 May 2023 at the Institute of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law (ILCL). The authors reflect the keynotes of the reports made by representatives of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law, Kutafin Moscow State Law University, National Research University–Higher School of Economics (NRU-HSE), Moscow State Lomonosov University (MGU), Plekhanov State University of Economics, Moscow State City Pedagogical University, etc. The paper provides an insight into the legal issues under discussion: concept and meaning of data security in the current environment; development vectors of the data security institution in the context of digitization; limits of sovereignty in the information domain; international legal regulators of data security; sustainable security mechanisms in the face of contemporary challenges and threats; impact of advanced information technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, machine-sensible right to data security; personal data security; state control and liability for violation of information law, etc.