Face Negotiation Research Articles

A Classroom Ethnographic Study on Silence among EFL Graduate Students: A Case Study

Miscellaneous investigations have been implemented to investigate the factor of silence among Asian students in the ESL and EFL contexts and has generated huge literature most of which is related to ESL/EFL students’ silence because of several cultural and social factors. The study in hand reports on an ethnographic investigation of silence attitudes among Sudanese graduate learners in the EFL graduate linguistics environments with their academic staff in Gezira University, Sudan. The study has exploited a previously developed ethnographic interview protocol as well as observations with EFL graduate students and teachers in the MA linguistics. The researcher has investigated the probable patterns of silence among Sudanese EFL learners, explored the reasons behind this phenomenon and has attempted to trace the cultural interpretations among Sudanese silence. The participants of the study were eleven first-year graduates of English (all 26-38 years old) and 6 professors. The whole sample of the study was from Gezira University situated in the central region of Sudan. Another important factor is that the participants of this study came from different parts of Sudan including Khartoum, Darfur, and Gezira State etc. All the participants have BA and BEd in English language enrolling in Gezira University MA Program. The results of the study representing sufficient empirical proof highlight/emphasize that the Face Negotiation Model (Ting-Toomey 1994; West and Turner 2010; Wang and Yang 2005) indicates that Sudanese students’ silence behaviors are reported to be determined Sudanese cultural factors including its notions of face, sense of impact and infrequent social interactions.

Conflict Style of Rohingya Refugee Rejection in Aceh from Face Negotiation Approach

Rohingya refugees in Indonesia were previously welcomed with open arms. However, recently there has been a rejection of the presence of Rohingya refugees in Aceh, both those already in refugee camps and those who just want to dock on the coast of Aceh. This transnational cultural conflict indicates the failure of the communication and interaction process between the two cultures. By applying and extending the face-negotiation theory (FNT) that explains the management style of intercultural conflict, this study explores the case of Rohingya refugee rejection in Aceh with FNT using the content analysis method of media coverage in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to assess and identify the conflict management styles of the stakeholders in the case. As a result, the government and parliament at the central level tend to display an integrating style, while the government in Aceh and DPRA tend to show an avoiding style, while community leaders and Acehnese citizens who are directly dealing with Rohingya refugees tend to dominate.

Da’wa Gus Baha in the Perspective of Face Negotiation Theory

Da’wa activities are currently increasingly easier to carry out due to the sophistication of existing technology. Even though the dissemination of da'wah becomes easier, the possibility of slander arising from the da'wah being delivered also increases. Therefore, preaching today is filled with challenges and sincerity. The appearance of facial negotiations when facing a da'wah problem is a very important thing to pay attention to. Because that way we can see the preacher's way of dealing with conflict. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with content analysis techniques. The data collection techniques used were observation, documentation study, and literature study. The subject of this research is Gus Baha and the object of this research is the video content of criticism made by Faizal Assegaf as well as the video content of Gus Baha's response to this criticism. The results of this research show that Gus Baha displays a fairly calm, scientific and relaxed facial negotiation in responding to Faizal's criticism. Even though there is a lot of criticism aimed at Gus Baha, Gus Baha will not pay attention to it as long as the criticism is just empty talk. When criticized, Gus Baha tends to show a calm and scientific face.

A moderated mediation model of tourist cultural worldviews, perceived social relations, self-esteem, and prosocial behaviors - analyzing competing models

Despite a great deal of recent scholarly attention devoted to prosocial behaviors in tourism, its central antecedents from a socio-psychological and cultural perspective remain unknown. Using key socio-cultural constructs (cultural worldviews, perceived social relations, and self-esteem), this research examines a baseline model and compares it with a competing model to highlight alternative theoretical possibilities. We employ the face negotiation theory, the theory of reciprocal altruism, the sociometer theory, and the terror management theory to disentangle these relationships highlighting self-esteem’s significant role. The results are based on a survey of 403 tourists in a popular tourist destination in Asia, Macau. In the better-fitted model, findings demonstrate that while cultural worldviews and perceived social relations significantly predict prosocial behaviors, self-esteem moderates the extent to which both cultural worldviews and perceived social relations would trigger prosocial behaviors. These findings contribute valuable theoretical, methodological, and practical insights into the relationships among prosocial behavior and its socio-cultural antecedents.

RESOLUSI KONFLIK AGRARIA DI KABUPATEN LEBONG DALAM PERSPEKTIF FACE NEGOTATION THEORY

Agrarian conflicts related to forest areas also occurred in Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province, namely the Tes Lake Natural Tourism Park Forest area. Area designation Nature Tourism Park Lake Tes has an impact on the community because they cannot take care of certificates or the legality of land ownership in the area even though the community has lived there before the issuance of the zoning regulations Nature Tourism Park Tes Lake. This study aims to understand and explain conflict resolution Nature Tourism Park Tes Lake in perspective Face Negotation Theory. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study research type and is descriptive in nature. The results of this study found that the conflict actors Nature Tourism Park Tes Lake involves the community and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The conflict resolution is carried out by teamwork in the Agrarian Reform Task Force and analysed through Face Negotiation Theory. The team involved in conflict resolution Nature Tourism Park Lake of Tests did not practice evasion but had a sense of responsibility for resolving conflicts Nature Tourism Park Lake Tes, according to their respective duties, compromises and integrates with each other to resolve conflicts Nature Tourism Park Tes Lake.

Face and Identity in Intercultural Conflict Management

Face negotiation theory has been an influential theory of intercultural conflict management. However, as a theory of functional approach, it has limitations in analyzing dynamic conflict management process. Using repeated episodic interviews, this paper attempts to combine this theory with Spencer-Oatey’s (2007) face and identity model as well as post-structural perspectives of identity to analyze the dynamic and complicated conflict management process in two Chinese overseas students’ cases. The findings reveal that face and identity are critical to spell out the dynamics and complexity of the intercultural conflict management process and examining the motives and reasons for the choice of a particular facework strategy.

Face negotiation in graduate school: the decision to conceal or reveal depression among life sciences Ph.D. students in the United States

BackgroundDepression is one of the top mental health concerns among biology graduate students and has contributed to the “graduate student mental health crisis” declared in 2018. Several prominent science outlets have called for interventions to improve graduate student mental health, yet it is unclear to what extent graduate students with depression discuss their mental health with others in their Ph.D. programs. While sharing one’s depression may be an integral step to seeking mental health support during graduate school, depression is considered to be a concealable stigmatized identity (CSI) and revealing one’s depression could result in loss of status or discrimination. As such, face negotiation theory, which describes a set of communicative behaviors that individuals use to regulate their social dignity, may help identify what factors influence graduate students’ decisions about whether to reveal their depression in graduate school. In this study, we interviewed 50 Ph.D. students with depression enrolled across 28 life sciences graduate programs across the United States. We examined (1) to what extent graduate students revealed their depression to faculty advisors, graduate students, and undergraduates in their research lab, (2) the reasons why they revealed or concealed their depression, and (3) the consequences and benefits they perceive are associated with revealing depression. We used a hybrid approach of deductive and inductive coding to analyze our data.ResultsMore than half (58%) of Ph.D. students revealed their depression to at least one faculty advisor, while 74% revealed to at least one graduate student. However, only 37% of graduate students revealed their depression to at least one undergraduate researcher. Graduate students’ decisions to reveal their depression to their peers were driven by positive mutual relationships, while their decisions to reveal to faculty were often based on maintaining dignity by performing preventative or corrective facework. Conversely, graduates performed supportive facework when interacting with undergraduate researchers by revealing their depression as a way to destigmatize struggling with mental health.ConclusionsLife sciences graduate students most commonly revealed their depression to other graduate students, and over half reported discussing depression with their faculty advisor. However, graduate students were reluctant to share their depression with undergraduate researchers. Power dynamics between graduate students and their advisors, their peers, and their undergraduate mentees influenced the reasons they chose to reveal or conceal their depression in each situation. This study provides insights into how to create more inclusive life science graduate programs where students can feel more comfortable discussing their mental health.

A Comparative Analysis of Interview Discourse in Different Workplace Cultures in China under Face Negotiation Theory

The video text of the interview chapter in the four seasons of "The Exciting Offer" was extracted, and the critical discourse analysis method was used to cluster the three aspects of discourse text, social meaning and face needs to show the interview etiquette of the candidates in different fields of the job market. Based on the different face needs, we analyze how they present their sense of self-worth or self-image, in order to answer the following two questions: 1. How to realize their face needs in the interview? 2. What are the similarities and differences in realizing face needs for different occupational interviews? This study has a certain practical reference value, taking three professions of lawyers, doctors and architects as examples, to make a certain summary of interview etiquette and related workplace etiquette, so as to provide a certain reference for college students interviewing for jobs.

KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA DALAM KONFLIK DI MEDIA SOSIAL (CONTENT ANALYSIS KONFLIK OVERSTAY KRISTEN GRAY DI TWITTER)

Social media has become a place for various limitless interactions, including conflict interaction. This research is intended to discover the face management of individuals with different cultural backgrounds in intercultural conflict situations on social media. One of the issues that can be studied using the concept of face negotiation theory is the case of Kristen Gray’s overstay, which was discussed for several days on Twitter. Therefore, three research questions emerge: (1) how is face management between Indonesian citizens and Black Americans in the intercultural conflict "Kristen Gray" on Twitter in the period of January 17-20, 2021? (2) when compared to Ting-Toomey's assumption, is there any change in face management in Indonesian and Black American individuals? (3) why did face management changes occur? Content Analysis is used as a primary method. There are several findings in this research: individualistic face management is shown by both conflicting actors, shifting in Indonesian’s netizen face management that analyzed using the role of social media, and absence of Black’s face management shifting is analyzed using community perspective.

Komunikasi Antarbudaya Masyarakat Multikultur dalam Menciptakan Toleransi

The purpose of this study was to find out how intercultural communication creates tolerance in the people of the Permu Immigration Village, where the Permu Immigration Village has ethnicities with five different multiculturalities that can maintain a tolerant life. The research method used is a qualitative research method by relying on Face Negotiation Theory to see the interaction behavior of people of different ethnicities with facework in order to see communicative behavior. The results of this study indicate that interactions between ethnic immigrants and indigenous ethnicities have taken place in the Permu Immigration Village, which has always avoided prolonged conflict and has become a tolerant village. mutual respect and respect for the existence of agreement decisions that have existed since long ago there has never been any change to the agreement. The conclusion of the research is that multiculturalism in the Permu Immigration Village applies negotiation theory and an attitude of obliging (obligation) towards agreements and in avoiding problems so that they are not prolonged.
 
 Keywords: Builds, Comunication, Harmonization, Intercultural, Multiculture

Facework strategies and intercultural conflict management procedures between international undergraduates and Malaysian instructors at a private university

Framed by the face negotiation theory and intercultural conflict management concepts, this study aims to identify the facework strategies used by international undergraduates in intercultural conflicts with Malaysian instructors at a private university, and investigate the preferred effective conflict management procedures for Malaysian instructors in managing intercultural conflicts with international undergraduates. This study uses a descriptive cross-sectional design using questionnaires for data collection. A total of 317 participants were involved: 105 Indonesian undergraduates, 106 Chinese undergraduates, and 106 Malaysian instructors. The results showed that both Indonesian and Chinese undergraduate groups have similar tendencies for integrating strategies, although they differ in avoiding and dominating strategies. For intercultural conflict management procedures, the most favourable procedure is mediation and the least favourable is ombudsman service. These findings provide instructors with first-hand data for subsequent teacher development on face-saving application. By applying the appropriate facework strategy and ways to enact it, instructors can further develop their teaching skills by creating a healthy student-teacher relationship with international students.

Crosscultural Communication Nias Ethnic and Minangkabau Ethnic in Nagari Sungai Buluah Barat


 
 
 
 Cross-cultural communication occurs between individuals and groups who have different cultural backgrounds. One case of communication in the perspective of cross-cultural communication is between the Nias community and the Minangkabau community in Nagari Sungai Buluah Barat, Padang Pariaman, West Sumatra. This study aims to describe how cross-cultural communication occurs in the Nias and Minangkabau tribal communities in Nagari Sungai Buluah Barat using the six cultural dimensions proposed by Hofstede. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The number of resource persons in this study amounted to six people. The data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, documentation, and the Face Negotiation Theory to analyze the research results. This study indicates that the Nias and Minangkabau tribes in Nagari Sungai Buluah Barat have reached a form of compromise and mutually accept all conditions of differences and then maintain boundaries in acting to create harmony. They have the awareness that they are only the next generation who continue the concept of life passed down by their ancestors long ago. A Malakok tradition is a form of assimilation of Minangkabau culture to Nias because Nias is an immigrants to Minangkabau land.
 
 
 

Negotiating the Cultural Identity of Expatriate Teachers in the Cooperation Education Unit

The phenomenon of international communication (Cross-Cultural) in the field of education is increasingly in demand, especially in the era of globalization. This study aims to describe, understand and find negotiations on the cultural identity of expatriate teachers in cooperative education units (SPK), especially Filipino teachers in their interactions. This research uses a constructivist paradigm and a qualitative approach using the phenomenological method.This study observes the social interactions of Filipino expatriates in the context of intercultural communicators using Face Negotiation theory with 3 key concepts, namely Cultural Identity, Communication Behavior and Facework.Cultural identity in this research is the details of the characteristics or characteristics of a culture that is owned by a group of people whose boundaries are known when compared to the characteristics or characteristics of other cultures. Cultural identity referred to in this study is either scripted or non-scripted communication behavior, this form of behavior is related to the daily life of the individual. And facework in this study focuses more on human communication behavior that is used to build and protect their appearance as well as to protect, build and threaten the faces of others.

How does experience teaching in Japanese EFL classrooms inform English native-speaker educators classroom practices? The negotiation of face in university classrooms

Abstract Language teachers experience a range of challenges unique to the cultural and social contexts in which they work. To negotiate these challenges and facilitate language acquisition, teachers draw on linguistic and sociocultural knowledge of the L1 and L2. United by a desire to develop and/or maintain positive aspects of face, students and their teachers employ culturally, socially and individually informed communicative strategies and behaviour to demonstrate individual worth and maintain classroom appropriateness. In this study, we analyzed the insights and practices of experienced and less experienced English native-speaker teachers (ENSTs) working with Japanese university students to identify challenges encountered within the classroom. The experienced language teachers (ExTs) identified a diverse array of challenges including student mental health, teacher fatigue and assessment transparency. In contrast, the less experienced teachers (LExTs) agreed that key challenges were student silence, use of the L1, and students sharing information. Focusing on the themes identified by the LExTs, we observed student/teacher interaction during learning activities and isolated the linguistic practices and behaviours employed by both groups of teachers. Through examining classroom exchanges we hope to arrive at a deeper understanding of the linguistic politeness strategies employed by ENSTs and potential implications for the negotiation of face.

Konflik Antar Etnis di Indonesia dalam Analisis Face Negotiation Theory

Indonesia is known as a country with a pluralistic society. With the wealth of ethnicity, ethnicity, race, and religion in it, this multicultural society then becomes prone to friction. Not to mention the differences in terms of language, customs, and habits in it. These frictions will in turn lead to conflicts which are then unavoidable. The study of inter-ethnic conflict in Indonesia in the analysis of face negotiation theory was carried out with several objectives, which are: to explain the analysis of face negotiation theory in several cases of ethnic conflict that occurred in Indonesia so that it is expected to be taken into consideration in preventing or dealing with similar conflicts. The method used in this research is qualitative with data sources obtained through literature study (Creswell, 2012). The result of the research is that in the Indonesian phenomenon, many sources said that usually the way Indonesian people in determining their attitude during conflict are by integration or mutual - face. Where the characteristics in it are Apologize, Private talk, Remain calm, Problem solve, and Respect. This behavior is a characteristic of collectivistic culture that is indeed embraced by Indonesian people in general

Gendered Acts of Face Negotiations in Teacher-Student Interaction: A Linguistic Ethnographic Investigation of Salutation

This article examined salutation as a valued and nuanced socio-cultural practice that serves the purpose of socially positioning interactants and impacting on face negotiations in interaction in Nigeria. This was done with the aim of demonstrating its significance in the shaping and ordering of naturally occurring interaction. The data for the study comprise naturally occurring interaction of 30 participants whose interactions were collected using linguistic ethnographic tools of recording, note taking, and observation while micro discourse analysis, with emphasis on notions of face negotiations as interaction strategies was used for the analysis of the data. The study revealed that students who failed to salute the teachers were offered varying face negotiations based on their gender differences. The study also found that both the office context and the power position of the teachers impacted variously on face negotiations. From the Nigerian sociolinguistic context and interpersonal pragmatics, salutation is viewed as a social solidarity and social positioning strategy especially in contexts where age, gender, and power are sensitive components of the context as such its observation or failure to observe it could easily affect the outcome of the entire interaction.

Tidayu ethnic harmonization in semiotic review of face negotiations conflict styles

The various ethnic groups with distinctive characteristics of each culture in Indonesia have consequences for potential conflicts among them. Tidayu ethnicity is a complete reflection of the interwoven between the three dominant ethnicities in the West Kalimantan region, including: Tionghoa, Dayak, and Malay. This study aims to reveal the meaning of the various signs displayed by the style of inter-ethnic conflict in a video show entitled �Bhinneka Tunggal Ika� with a review of the face negotiation theory proposed by Stella Ting-Toomey. The Thomas Albert Sebeok's Six Sign Semiotics method is used to examine the audio-visual data. The results of the research show that there is a harmonization of signs of various styles of conflict between ethnic groups, so that it becomes a great strength for the Indonesian Nation and State in particular to increase its social solidarity.

CITRA DIRI INDIVIDU DAN NEGOSIASI MUKA WARGA DENGAN BUDAYA KOLEKTIVISME DI NEGARA BERBUDAYA INDIVIDUALISME

Most of the Indonesian citizens implement a collectivism culture considering that Indonesia is one of the countries that implement a collectivism culture according to Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory. Indonesian citizens who migrate and live-in countries that implement individualism culture will feel the differences in their culture, which has the potential to produce intercultural communication conflicts. The Face Negotiation Theory that was initiated by Ting-Toomey explains that there are various approaches to resolving intercultural conflicts that exist. This research analyses the concept of self-construal and intercultural communication conflict management approaches used by two Indonesian citizens who are migrating in the United States and Australia through interviews and literature studies. The results of the study found the fact that the difference in self-construal concepts by each informant could produce the different approaches in managing conflict in communication between cultures, even though both informants were from countries with collectivism cultures.

KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA DALAM MEMBANGUN KERUKUNAN UMAT HINDU-ISLAM DI DESA ADAT ANGANTIGA KECAMATAN PETANG KABUPATEN BADUNG

The uniting of two cultures of difference background which is Hinduism and Islamic in Angantiga Village is really unique. Cultural acculturation between Hindus and Moslems created a tradition which is used as guidance in strengthening intercultural tolerance to make harmony between religions believers. The problem statements of this research are: 1) How is intercultural communication between Hindus and Muslims in Angantiga Village ?, 2) What are the factors of intercultural communication in building Hindu-Muslim harmony in the Angantiga village?, 3) How is the feedback of intercultural communication between Hindus and Muslims in building harmony in Angantiga village? To discover the solution to the problems stated above, the writer uses three theories, namely: Interpersonal communication theory is used in answering the first problem statement which is the intercultural communication between Hindus and Muslims in Angantiga Village, intercultural communication theory is used to answer the second problem statement which is the factors of intercultural communication in building Hindu-Muslim harmony in the Angantiga village and Intercultural Face Negotiation theory is used to answer the feedback of intercultural communication between Hindus and Muslims in building harmony in Angantiga village. The results of this study are 1) Intercultural communication consisting of social identification, material culture, the role of relations, language, cultural stability and beliefs and values. 2) Intercultural communication factors consisting of internal factors, external factors and relations factors 3) Intercultural communication feedback consisting of cognitive feedback, affective feedback and behavioral feedback

Face Negotiation Strategy Based on Local Wisdom and Intercultural Competence to Promote Inter-ethnic Conflict Resolution: Case Study of Balinuraga, Lampung

ABSTRACT Current study examines the multi-dimensionality of inter-ethnic conflict in Balinuraga, Lampung. A more culturally oriented and locally embedded approach to conflict resolution is needed. This paper addresses such need using face negotiation theory and qualitative approach to identify the relevance of cultural competence towards assessing conflict resolution. Findings show that Balinese tends to use solidarity facework, self-face and other-face, biconstrual, and accommodating. Lampungese employs tact facework and self-face, biconstrual, and dominating. Regarding cultural competence, Balinese shows appropriateness and effectivity based on Tatvamasi, Tri Hita Karana and Menyama Braya local wisdom while Lampungese employs communication adaptation based on Muakhi, Piil Pesenggiri and Ngangken.