Fabrication Quality Research Articles

Effective Fabric Defect Detection Model for High-Resolution Images

The generation of defects during fabric production impacts fabric quality, and fabric production factories can greatly benefit from the automatic detection of fabric defects. Although object detection algorithms based on convolutional neural networks can be quickly developed, fabric defect detection encounters several problems. Accordingly, a fabric defect detection model based on Cascade R-CNN was proposed in this study. We also proposed block recognition and detection box merging algorithms to achieve complete defect detection in high-resolution images. We implemented a Switchable Atrous Convolution layer to enhance the feature extraction ability of ResNet-50 and upgraded the Feature Pyramid Network to improve the detection accuracy of small defects. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed model can efficiently perform defect detection in fabric.

Evaluation of Bending Length, Rigidity and Modulus of Woven and Knitted Fabrics

Performance evaluation of textile materials is necessary to determine the use of an end-product. Woven and knitted materials are the most preferred manufacturing techniques due to their certain characteristics suitable for apparel and upholstery. The present study aims at determining the bending length, rigidity and modulus of fabrics through standardized test procedures to measure the draping behaviour of an end product. The results identified the phenomenon that specimens manufactured with woven fabrics were better in drapability compared with knitted fabrics. Moreover, it was identified that type of fiber also plays an important role in determining the stiffness of fabrics such as silk fiber showed excellent results. A comprehensive comparison was made between various types of fabrics. The study can be helpful for textile producers to make amendments to their construction parameters to present acceptable stiffness and draping qualities of fabrics to the end consumers.

Psycho-physical representations of Sari among indian women in 2022

The history of the traditional uncut Indian garment, the Sari, can be traced back to the Indus Valley Civilization, which emerged during 2800-1800 BC in northwest India. Mention of the sari evolved from śāṭikā in Sanskrit, appearing in Hindu and Páli Buddhist literature during the 6th century BC as a female garment. The study relied on a random sample of 50 women, most of whom were working women, to assess their opinions on wearing a sari and to explore the various reasons that influence the purchase intention or frequency of use among Indian women. The study concluded that among women aged from less than 25 years old to 75 years old, most find pleasure in wearing the sari in various ways. The most important aspects are fabric purity and quality, while some women worried about movement/walking and repeated use. It is important to emphasize that the participants in this study appreciated the use of the sari and did not report significant problems regarding the way of wearing it in front of spectators. While 6% of women were unable to wear a sari, 96% said they would miss their sari if it went missing.

Contemporary fashion and its impact on the shape of the sleeves in the traditional Moroccan caftan

The Moroccan caftan has recently occupied a large space among contemporary designers because of its great aesthetic impact in terms of shape and decoration, as well as the cultural heritage of the Arab peoples. For international designers in America, Europe and East Asia, in our research, a set of images of the traditional and contemporary caftan was used, which were analyzed visually to know the quality and size of the change that occurred in the shape of the traditional sleeve as a result of its influence on modeling and the designer's vision. In addition, the basic measurements of the sleeve were calculated to further emphasize the importance of the change in the measurements and silhouette of the contemporary sleeve. Contemporary to find out the prediction of the future shape of the kaftan, which is a kind of prediction of the shape, design, quality of fabrics and motifs used in the future fashion industry and its impact on fashion designers and the fashion industry market In our research, the study included focusing on the traditional shape of the sleeve and knowing its basic types that are known and inherited through generations, as well as studying the contemporary shapes of the sleeve through a graphic analysis of a group of contemporary costumes for fashion designers who were inspired by the Moroccan caftan as an inspiration for fashion in contemporary clothes. In front of modernity, it has changed significantly, especially in the lower sleeve area.

An algorithm for cross-fiber separation in yarn hairiness image processing

Yarn hairiness affects yarn and fabric quality. The existing hairiness detection methods cannot discriminate crossover fibers or hairs. In order to accurately separate and detect crossover fibers, an algorithm of separating crossover hairs is proposed. By obtaining refined hair skeletons after image pretreatment, the positions of fiber intersection point were determined, and a hair information table according to the characteristics of the hair cross-point was constructed. After classifying each hair branch skeleton and screening out the hair common skeleton, the branch hair matching table by using the two end points of the true common hair skeleton adjacent to the hair branch was constructed. Through pairing the same cross-hair branch with the principle of the closest slope at the adjacent cross-end, each complete cross-hair skeleton was defined for hair count in a field of view. The detection results show that compared with the existing photoelectric hairiness detection instrument, the algorithm can realize the crossover hair separation, and calculate the length of complete crossover hairs and curved hairs with high accuracy. On average, the developed algorithm measures hair length about 11.1% longer than the manually measured results, while commercial apparatus would report hair length 62.5% shorter than the actual hair length.

Use of Span Lengths Extracted from the HVI Fibrogram to Predict Yarn Quality

ABSTRACT Cotton fiber properties play a significant role in determining the quality of yarns and fabrics. Information on fiber length distribution is crucial throughout many textile processing steps to transform fibers into yarn. The current High Volume Instrument (HVI) provides only two traditional length parameters, the upper half mean length (UHML) and uniformity index (UI). The UI is the mean length (ML) divided by the UHML expressed as a percentage. Both UHML and ML are extracted from the fibrogram, are highly correlated, and characterize only the longer fibers in a sample. Yet, the whole fibrogram contains more descriptive information than the two length measurements provided by the HVI. In addition, the fibrogram is a stable measurement on an HVI, and differences in fibrogram measurements across instruments can be reduced using a recently proposed calibration method. However, the use of the complete fibrogram by the textile industry is complicated and almost impossible in practice. This study aimed to investigate a simplified method to identify key span lengths extracted from the HVI fibrogram that can improve yarn prediction compared to the current method. The results obtained from a set of 60 commercial-like samples covering a wide range of length parameters are promising.

High-Aspect-Ratio Silicon Metasurfaces: Design, Fabrication, and Characterization

Unrestricted manipulations on terahertz (THz) waves are highly desired in integration-optics, but THz devices based on conventional materials are usually bulky in size. Although all-silicon metasurfaces have exhibited great capabilities in manipulating THz waves, most of them are less efficient and have limited functionalities. In this work, we first design a silicon meta-atom structure consisting of a high-aspect-ratio (AR) micro-pillar that exhibits nearly perfect transmission and large transmission phase of THz wave, and systemically study how the fabrication quality (e.g., steepness of the sidewall and the vertical thickness distribution) may influence the final performance of a functional metasurface constructed with such meta-atoms. After experimentally examining how two working phases in the deep-reactive-ion-etch technology (i.e., the etch and passivation phases) influence the quality of the fabricated meta-devices, we develop an optimized Bosch process to realize high-AR (~20:1) all-silicon metasurfaces by balancing two working phases. We finally design/fabricate a high-AR silicon metasurface and experimentally demonstrate that it behaves as a high-efficiency half-wave-plate for THz waves in transmission geometry. Our results pave the avenue to realize ultra-compact THz meta-devices with high performance in transmission geometry, which is highly desirable for THz applications.

Fabric defect detection based on anchor-free network

Fabrics play a pivotal role in human life and production, and surface defects can directly affect the quality and value of fabrics. Many methods for fabric defect detection have been proposed, but tiny defects are still difficult to be detected effectively, and the accuracy of defect localization and classification is low. To address these issues, a modified YOLOX network called YOLOX-CATD is proposed, which was supplemented with a coordinate attention module (CAM) and tiny defect detection layer (TDDL) for fast and efficient detection of fabric defects, especially tiny defects. Firstly, the anchor-free network is used as the detection framework to avoid the influence of hyperparameters of the setting anchor. Secondly, a CAM is proposed to enhance the representation of the object of interest in the input feature map and suppress the background regions. Finally, a TDDL is added to introduce high-resolution features to improve the localization accuracy of tiny defects. The experimental results on the Aliyun Tianchi Fabric dataset and NEU-DET demonstrate the superiority and generalization of the modified model. The mean average precision (mAP) of YOLOX-CATD on the fabric defect dataset is improved by 5.67% compared to the original YOLOX, and the detection speed can reach 35–36 frames per second (FPS). This proves that YOLOX-CATD can obtain excellent fabric defect detection performance and meet the urgent need for real-time detection in industrial applications.

Advanced Fabrication of Mechanical Metamaterials Based on Micro/Nanoscale Technology

In recent years, mechanical metamaterials have shown good mechanical properties such as ultralightness, programmable stiffness, and tunable Poisson's ratio through clever structural design of microstructures. Micro/nanotechnology has been used to ensure mechanical metamaterials’ fabrication quality and performance for use as structural substrates in multifunctional applications. Mechanical metamaterials are intentionally engineered with periodic microstructures in diverse shapes, allowing for the creation of complex structural substrates. However, this sophisticated design poses significant challenges in the fabrication process, particularly at the micro/nanoscale level, where current technology hinders mechanical metamaterials’ performance improvement and function realization. This review explores the fabrication processes of mechanical metamaterials using micro/nanotechnology and showcase recent progress and future trends. Particular attention is given to recent development, challenges, and future trends in advanced fabrication technologies for mechanical metamaterials. This survey aims to explain why mechanical metamaterials have significant benefits and are well‐suited as structural substrates for multifunctional applications, what advanced fabrication technologies at the micro/nanoscale have been introduced to prepare mechanical metamaterials and how to overcome manufacturing technology bottlenecks of mechanical metamaterials in terms of synthesis, materials, and design method.

Developed ABCLASS-Miner Classification Algorithm Based Rule Extraction for Denim Fabrics

Obtaining and storing large amounts of data have become easier with the rapidly developing information technologies (IT). However, the data generated and collected, which are irrelevant in and of themselves, become useful only when they are analyzed for a specific reason. Data mining may transform raw data into useful information. In the present study, classification and analysis of denim fabric quality characteristics according to denim fabric production parameters were carried out. The present study proposes a new classification rule inference algorithm. The suggested approach is mostly based on Artificial Bee Colony Optimization (ABC), a swarm intelligence meta-heuristic. In each step of the algorithm, there are two phases called the employed bee phase and the onlooker bee phase. This algorithm has been compared with the classification algorithms in the related literature. This proposed algorithm is a new data mining tool that intelligently combines various metaheuristic and neural networks and can generate classification rules. The results indicate that the proposed data mining algorithms may be highly useful in determining weight and width in denim fabric manufacture.

Laser‐Activated Selective Electroless Plating on 3D Structures via Additive Manufacturing for Customized Electronics

AbstractThis work proposes a facile and economical hybrid additive manufacturing (HAM)technology combining fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing and laser‐activated selective electroless plating (ELP) for fabricating full functional end‐use 3D customized electronics. A functional acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament doped with dicopper hydroxide phosphate (Cu2(OH)PO4) catalysts is developed for FDM 3D printing. The 3D printed structure is selectively laser‐activated to generate CuI plating seeds on the ABS surface and then electrolessly plated. The poor surface finish, especially the layer lines, is an intrinsic defect of extrusion 3D printing, which not only affected the fabrication quality of the 3D substrates but also the electrical performance of the attached circuitry. Herein, a chemical polishing process based on acetone vapor is explored and characterized to significantly improve the surface quality and thereby the electrical performance of the attached copper layer. In this way, highly conductive metallic circuitry can be freeformly deposited and patterned on the 3D structure which is extremely attractive for customized 3D electronics. To show the application potential of this technology, a 3D conformal 555 timer astable oscillator circuit board and a hot‐wire flowmeter are developed as demonstrators.

Single-mode waveguide-coupled light emitting diodes in unmodified silicon photonics fabrication processes

We realize single-mode, waveguide-coupled, electrically driven silicon light emitting diodes in commercial, unmodified silicon photonics foundry processes and develop a model of both the electrical and optical behavior to understand the performance limitations. We measure a center wavelength of 1130 nm, a 90 nm 3 dB optical bandwidth, and 200 pW of optical power propagating in each direction. We show on-chip modulation and detection of the generated light using native resonant photodetectors integrated in the same chip. Our work unveils a new native light source available in silicon photonics processes, which can find applications ranging from device screening and fabrication quality assessment to imaging, refractive index sensing, or intra-chip communication.

Welding Certification and Standards: Ensuring Quality and Reliability in Fabrication

This research delves into the pivotal significance of welding certification and adherence to standards in upholding the quality and dependability of fabrication processes. Employing a qualitative approach, comprehensive interviews were conducted with 30 welding experts, engineers, and quality assurance personnel. Thematic analysis revealed vital insights, spotlighting the importance of certification, encountered challenges, observed benefits, and the impact of standards. Participants emphasized the essential role of welding certification in validating welder competency and credibility, while also discussing hurdles like uneven recognition and the need for ongoing updates. The advantages of welding certification were evident in elevated weld quality, decreased defects, and heightened safety. Adherence to standards emerged as pivotal in ensuring uniformity, dependability, and consistent quality. These findings not only resonate with existing literature but also underscore the industry's dedication to optimizing welding practices. Through addressing challenges and capitalizing on benefits, stakeholders can collectively elevate welding practices, nurture welder competence, and amplify the overall quality and reliability of fabricated structures. This study contributes indispensable insights to professionals, policymakers, and stakeholders, affirming the indispensable role of welding certification and standards in achieving enduring, credible, and secure welded structures.

Investigation of Performance Properties of Dyed and Raised Twill Woven PES/VIS Fabrics by Full Factorial and Taguchi Experiment Design Methods

In this study, full factorial experimental design and Taguchi experimental design for the optimization of selected fabric quality parameters were examined comparatively with an experimental study. The aim of the study is to show that Taguchi Experimental Design can be used instead of Full Factorial Experimental Design, which is a classical experiment plan in textile engineering studies. In the experimental study developed in outerwear woven fabric dyeing-finishing enterprises; The woven fabric in three different twill forms, having the same blend, was dyed at three different rates and produced in three different raising conditions. The fabrics were woven 100 m in factory conditions and dyed and raised under the same conditions. The selected twill texture is 3/1, 2/1, 2/2, dyeing ratio, 1%, 3%, 5% and raising status-no raising, single passage raising, two passage raising (shearing process is included in all raising). Selected woven fabric performance tests were applied to the fabrics. In the study, 27 fabric samples were used for the Full Factorial Experiment Design and 9 fabric samples were used according to the Taguchi Experiment Design. The results of the performance tests obtained according to both experimental designs were compared. As a result, it has been shown with this study that 9 samples according to the Taguchi method can be used instead of 27 samples according to the full factorial experimental design for optimum results. Experimental design based on Taguchi Method can be used effectively with less experiments in experimental studies where production is very difficult and costly in the field of textile engineering.

Penerapan Metode SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) untuk Pemilihan Kain Terbaik

The many types of fabrics at the Modiss Textile store provide choices according to consumer tastes. However, purchases at this fabric store are still processed manually and not computerized. In selecting fabrics, consumers only focus on color and price tags. This research was conducted at the Modiss Textile & Taylor store, which is a store engaged in fashion retail. In completing this research, several research methods were used to collect data, namely interviews, observations and the application of the saw method. Based on the results of collecting data on fabric selection, criteria are needed in making decisions. The application of the SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) method has the greatest value from the calculation of the value of Vi obtained by alternative fabrics, namely Spandex Fabric with a value of 0.875, Brukat Lace Fabric with a value of 0.8, Italian Wool fabric with a value of 0.775. The purpose of this research is to create a decision support system that can be used by Modiss Textile & Taylor's customers in selecting fabrics that match the criteria provided by the store, namely fabric type, color, price, texture, and quality. Then the desired result is a decision support system that can be used by customers or consumers to choose fabrics at the Modiss Textile & Taylor store

THE EFFECT OF FLIGHT PARAMETERS UNCERTAINTY ON THE R-HAN 300 ROCKET FALL POINT

The impact point is the main parameter of the performance of an artillery rocket. During its flight, a rocket experiences uncertainty of some parameter’s value, which is caused by the condition of the rocket when it exits the launcher, the ever-changing atmospheric conditions, and fabrication imperfections. This disturbance will cause deviation on the impact point. This study aims to determine the deviation of the impact point of an artillery rocket due to the value uncertainty of several parameters that affect its flight trajectory, and this analysis will be used as a reference for designers and users in further design processes. Six degrees of freedom simulation calculates the rocket's impact point and deviation. The results showed that to minimize the impact point’s deviation, the quality of the launcher fabrication must be improved, predicting aerodynamics with CFD and firing the rocket at low wind disturbances.

Application of statistical quality control methods in a textile manufacturing company

Statistical quality control is an effective method employed to increase the finished product quality of enterprises, and this method is used to increase the quality standards of the textile company presented in this study. The company's knitted fabric quality control data of the previous years are analyzed, and appropriate statistical quality control methods are determined to improve the quality control system currently used. U control chart is considered to assess the quality limits of the fabrics received from the suppliers. A single acceptance sampling plan is structured to standardize the acceptance sampling method applied by the company to the knitted fabric lots. MIL-STD 105 D military standard is considered while creating a single acceptance sampling plan. The operating characteristic (OC Curve) for the sampling plan is designed and the acceptance probabilities of the lots with different defective rates are examined. As stated in the computational results, suppliers need quality improvement efforts and followed by that it would be possible to reach high quality levels in the enterprise.

Effect of Void Content on the Mechanical Properties of GFRP for Ship Design

Defects such as voids in composite materials often degrade the mechanical properties of laminates. Even if these materials are manufactured based on the design requirements, there is a possibility of instability occurring in these composite structures. In this study, several prototypes were developed based on changes in composite ship design conditions (glass fiber weight fraction and fabric combination type) using a hand lay-up approach. The fabrication quality was quantitatively defined using the burn-off test, and statistical analysis was performed. A combination of chopped strand mat and woven roving material laminates possessed relatively less void content in the entire glass content (Gc) region (30–70 wt%) compared to a chopped strand mat single-material laminate. The effect was more pronounced in the high-Gc region (50–70 wt%) than that in the normal-Gc region (30–50 wt%). The composite hull plate can be designed seamlessly according to changes in fabrication quality. To ensure safety, the thickness of the laminate must be greater than that specified in the ISO standards, regardless of the combination type in the normal-Gc region. As a result of the void content considered, the flexural strength in the single laminate decreased by 15.02%. Furthermore, 3.33% of the flexural strength calculation decreased in the combined laminate compared to that in the ISO rules. Thus, a single CSM material can be designed to be thicker than a combined-material laminate with the same Gc, while considering the void content on the mechanical properties.

Quality Control with Six Sigma Method to Minimize Polyester Fabric Product Defects at PT Sukuntex

Quality control needs to be done to face industrial competition. PT. Sukuntex is a textile industry that produces fabrics, one of which is polyester with 58% production from the total fabric production. PT. Sukuntex has a make to order fabric production system, the company carries out quality control by inspecting every fabric produced in the quality control division. In this study, an analysis of polyester fabric quality control using the six sigma method with the DMAI (Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve) steps to determine the DPMO value, the company's sigma level, the causes of defects, and improvements. The results of this study found 3 dominant defects based on the Pareto diagram, namely thin thickness, sparse, and dirty oil. In calculating the DPMO value, the result is 49,825.15 meters with the sigma value obtained is 3.15. The sigma value can increase with quality improvement. Therefore, the causes of defects were analyzed using a fishbone diagram which resulted in human, machine, method, and environmental factors. FMEA-AHP method for improvement priorities, where FMEA analyzes the ranking of the causes of defects, then prioritizes improvement based on weights with AHP. Improvement plan using the 5W+1H method at the improve stage.

An experimental investigation into the influence of incorrect root gaps in welded-in transverse stiffeners on fatigue performance

The paper presents a comprehensive set of special experimental fatigue tests designed to determine the fatigue strength sensitivity of steel components, under circumstances where fabrication quality levels deviate from regulatory standards. Precise monitoring of the manufacturing process of test specimens containing internal imperfections facilitates accurate documentation of the phenomena that contribute to the eventual shape of the imperfection. Welded-in stiffeners with incorrect root gaps of varying sizes were subjected to fatigue testing, as such studies have never been carried out in experimental form before, as the background data to EN 1993-1-9 disclosed. The experimental investigation confirms numerical estimations, which predicted that even large root gaps do not result in lower fatigue strength values, when compared to stiffeners that were properly fitted. Moreover, details in welded beams that feature an intersection of three welds at the stiffener exhibit no discernible decrease in fatigue performance compared to rolled sections.