Fabrication Of Surgical Guides Research Articles

Implications of Artificial intelligence in the form of 3D-printing in Endodontics: A Review

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has become an emerging technology in dentistry, and specifically in endodontics. This technology enables the creation of highly accurate and patient-specific 3D models, surgical guides, and custom-made instruments that have revolutionized endodontic treatment. This abstract provides an overview of the applications of 3D printing in endodontics, including preoperative planning, fabrication of surgical guides, production of custom-made instruments, and postoperative evaluation. The accuracy and precision of 3D-printed models have shown to improve the quality of endodontic treatment and reduce the risk of complications. The creation of new dental models is made possible by three-dimensional printing. 3D-printed teeth have been used in a lot of studies, however standards for standardised research are still being created. Although they have significant disadvantages, using real teeth is still the norm in ex vivo investigations and pre-clinical training. All the restrictions of natural teeth may be overcome by printed teeth. Printing technology uses 3D data and post-processing tools to create a 3D model, which is then used by 3D printers to create a prototype. The hardness of the resin and the correctness of the canal anatomy printing are the main issues with 3D-printed teeth. Future research is given direction in order to address the issues with 3D-printed teeth and create defined protocols in order to attain method standardisation. In the future, ex vivo investigations and endodontic training could use 3D-printed teeth as the gold standard. Furthermore, 3D printing has also facilitated communication between the dental team and the patient, leading to a better understanding of the treatment plan and enhancing the patient experience. This review intends to gather information regarding 3D-printed teeth on the following themes: (1) their benefits; (2) their manufacturing processes; (3) their issues; and (4) potential future research topics. In conclusion, 3D printing has the potential to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of endodontic treatment and improve clinical outcomes.

A novel eco-friendly abrasive media based abrasive flow machining of 3D printed PLA parts using IGWO and ANN

PurposeThree-dimensional (3D) printed parts usually have poor surface quality due to layer manufacturing’s “stair casing/stair-stepping”. So post-processing is typically needed to enhance its capabilities to be used in closed tolerance applications. This study aims to examine abrasive flow finishing for 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) parts.Design/methodology/approachA new eco-friendly abrasive flow machining media (EFAFM) was developed, using paper pulp as a base material, waste vegetable oil as a liquid synthesizer and natural additives such as glycine to finish 3D printed parts. Characterization of the media was conducted through thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. PLA crescent prism parts were produced via fused deposition modelling (FDM) and finished using AFM, with experiments designed using central composite design (CCD). The impact of process parameters, including media viscosity, extrusion pressure, layer thickness and finishing time, on percentage improvement in surface roughness (%ΔRa) and material removal rate were analysed. Artificial neural network (ANN) and improved grey wolf optimizer (IGWO) were used for data modelling and optimization, respectively.FindingsThe abrasive media developed was effective for finishing FDM printed parts using AFM, with SEM images and 3D surface profile showing a significant improvement in surface topography. Optimal solutions were obtained using the ANN-IGWO approach. EFAFM was found to be a promising method for improving finishing quality on FDM 3D printed parts.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study is focused on finishing FDM printed crescent prism parts using AFM. Future research may be done on more complex shapes and could explore the impact of different materials, such as thermoplastics and composites for different applications. Also, implication of other techniques, such as chemical vapour smoothing, mechanical polishing may be explored.Practical implicationsIn the biomedical field, the use of 3D printing has revolutionized the way in which medical devices, implants and prosthetics are designed and manufactured. The biodegradable and biocompatible properties of PLA make it an ideal material for use in biomedical applications, such as the fabrication of surgical guides, dental models and tissue engineering scaffolds. The ability to finish PLA 3D printed parts using AFM can improve their biocompatibility, making them more suitable for use in the human body. The improved surface quality of 3D printed parts can also facilitate their sterilization, which is critical in the biomedical field.Social implicationsThe use of eco-friendly abrasive flow finishing for 3D printed parts can have a positive impact on the environment by reducing waste and promoting sustainable manufacturing practices. Additionally, it can improve the quality and functionality of 3D printed products, leading to better performance and longer lifespans. This can have broader economic and societal benefits.Originality/valueThis AFM media constituents are paper pulp, waste vegetable oil, silicon carbide as abrasive and the mixture of “Aloe Barbadensis Mill” – “Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba” powder and glycine. This media was then used to finish 3D printed PLA crescent prism parts. The study also used an IGWO to optimize experimental data that had been modelled using an ANN.

Surgical cutting guide and single plate fixation for intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy

With the advancement of digital technology over the last few decades, the use of virtual surgical planning and fabrication of surgical guides have tremendously improved the outcomes of various maxillofacial surgical procedures. The intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO) is an orthognathic surgical procedure largely employed for mandibular setback in correcting dentofacial deformities. This study describes the design and application of a surgical cutting guide for IVRO. The guide can also be used to facilitate the placement of miniplate fixation. The initial experience at the authors’ centre suggests that the guide has allowed the osteotomy to be performed with increased precision and confidence. Furthermore, the use of miniplate fixation decreased the period of maxillomandibular fixation. However, a larger series is required to evaluate the utility of this system more thoroughly.

A short review on guided implant surgery and its efficiency.

Ideal implant placement may reduce surgical complications, such as nerve injury and lingual cortical plate perforation, and minimize the likelihood of functional and prosthetic compromises. Guided implant surgery [GIS] has been used as the means to achieve ideal implant placement. GIS refers to the process of digital planning, custom-guide fabrication, and implant placement using the custom guide and an implant system-specific guided surgery kit. GIS includes numerous additional steps beyond the initial prosthetic diagnosis, treatment planning, and fabrication of surgical guides. Substantial errors can occur at each of these individual steps and can accumulate, significantly impacting the final accuracy of the process with potentially disastrous deviations from proper implant placement. Pertinent overall strategies to reduce or eliminate these risks can be summarized as follows: complete understanding of the possible risks is fundamental; knowledge of the systems and tools used is essential; consistent verification of both diagnostic and surgical procedures after each step is crucial; proper training and surgical experience are critical. This review article summarizes information on the accuracy and efficacy of GIS, provides insight on the potential risks and problems associated with each procedural step, and offers clinically relevant recommendations to minimize or eliminate these risks.

Influence of digital design and fabrication of surgical guides on the accuracy of implant placement

Influence of digital design and fabrication of surgical guides on the accuracy of implant placement

Medical Modeling and Fabrication of Surgical Guides

Medical Modelling and Rapid Prototyping are being used extensively to produce accurate implants. Rapid Prototyping has been used in making 3D medical models. The models help in personalizing pre-surgical treatment and pre-operative planning. Medical modelling is used for creation of high precision physical models from medical scans. The process includes collecting scans. The process includes collecting human anatomy data and optimizing the data for manufacturing and creating models using rapid prototyping. Computer aided software is used for prototyping. To produce high precision models, the modelling has to be in 3D. Therefore, a proper scanning method has to be used for each type of surgery. In this work we have taken a case study of fingers of hand to design and develop the 3D model for each case. We have designed, developed and fabricated one of the surgical guides for the fingers of hand. The design and fabrication was done in the 3D slicer and Grab CAD software independently. This work provides the approach and systematic procedure for the design and fabrication of surgical guide.

DANG (Depth-Adjusted Nerve Guide) – A Technical Note

Traditional surgical approaches to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) pose a technical challenge and risk iatrogenic damage to healthy, uninvolved nerve tissue. The use of computer-assisted virtual surgical planning and fabrication of surgical guides has shown efficacy in various craniomaxillofacial surgical procedures, and may provide greater precision in accessing the inferior alveolar canal and allow for a more conservative approach. The addition of a depth control feature to a tooth-borne and bone-borne surgical guide, with the use of a standard contra-angle handpiece, provides safe and efficient access for IAN repair. This report describes this novel technique involving a guided transoral approach to the IAN for excision of a neurofibroma of the inferior alveolar nerve, with immediate peripheral nerve allograft IAN reconstruction.

English

An accurate impression of the edentulous arch is of utmost importance in the rehabilitation of completely edentulous cases. The steps that follow the impression making are highly influenced by the accuracy of the impression. In order to overcome the manual inadequacies and to improve the accuracy, various advancements have been made manually as well as digitally. Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD / CAM)is one such digital advancement, which primarily aims at scanning the edentulous arches, followed by subsequent designing of the dentures and processing through various methods such as milling or 3d printing. A major drawback of using CAD / CAM technology is its high cost. Photogrammetry, as a proof of concept, works on the principle of obtaining reliable information about physical objects through the process of recording, measuring and interpreting photographic images. Recently photogrammetry has been gaining interest in the field of dentistry. It can be used as a more cost-effective alternative for diagnosis, treatment planning and fabrication of surgical guides and in maxillofacial prosthetics. In the current article, a novel 360-degree mobile phone scanner was devised which rotates around the object and takes images in order to compute a 3d image, which can be further used for treatment planning and fabrication of dentures.

ACCURACY OF GUIDED IMPLANT INSERTION IN MANDIBULAR FREE-END SADDLE AREAS USING STEREOLITHOGRAPHIC SURGICAL STENT

Introduction: The success of implant therapy depends primarily on appropriate treatment planning and properly performed implant placement surgery.Guided implant surgery (template based guided cavity preparation and guided implant insertion) is effective to guide the implant placement.This can be achieved by means of a surgical guide Stent.Stents are designed in conventional methods or stereolithography which allows the fabrication of surgical guides from 3D computer generated models for precise placement of the implants. Objectives: Assess the accuracy of stereolithographic surgical stent to orientate implant insertion in mandibular free-end saddle areas. Materials and methods: A total of 12 implants will be placed in patients having mandibular free end- saddle areas selected from the outpatient section of the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, after virtual implant planning with implant studio software, the implants will be inserted using stereolithographical design of surgical stent then measuring the deviation between the planned implant position before the surgery and the actual position of placed implant after surgical procedure. Results:Evaluation of the accuracy of placement was done by measuring the overall deviations between virtually planned and surgically placed dental implants.The mean of total angular difference in implant with stereolithographic stent were 10.9 ± 9.4°.While The Mean of total coronal differences in stereolithographic guided implant were 0.96 mm ± 0.7 mm.The Mean of total apical differences in stereolithographic guided implant were 1.8 ± 1.3 mm Conclusions: The stereolithographic surgical template was sufficiently accurate in transferring the planned implant position to the surgical field relative to the implant angulation and point of entrance.

In‐office fabrication of surgical guides using DLP 3D printing and planning software – A clinical report

In‐office fabrication of surgical guides using DLP 3D printing and planning software – A clinical report

Importance of patient-specific intraoperative guides in complex maxillofacial reconstruction

BackgroundConventional maxillofacial reconstruction often leads to suboptimal results due to inaccurate planning or surgical difficulties in adjusting a free flap and osteosynthesis plates into a three-dimensional defect. ObjectivesTo justify the importance of patient-specific intraoperative guides in complex maxillofacial reconstruction. Clinical exampleA 40-year old patient underwent a left hemimaxillectomy for an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the palate. Six years later, massive recurrence required radical resection of the left orbit and reconstruction with cranial bone grafts and a free latissimus dorsi flap. Postoperative radiotherapy resulted in local osteoradionecrosis. Surgical revision and restoration of the maxillary defect with a prefabricated fibula flap was performed. The authors provide ample information on the application of computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) and rapid prototyping at each reconstructive step. DiscussionStereolithographic models enable simulation of the resective and reconstructive phases, prebending of reconstruction plates and fabrication of surgical guides. ConclusionsOptimal restitution of complex maxillofacial defects requires meticulous planning of the surgical and prosthetic phases and effective transfer of the plan to the operating room through patient specific guides. CAD-CAM technology and stereolithographic models represent an effective strategy to achieve this. Improved patient outcomes and intraoperative efficiency certainly offset the inherent increase in costs.

Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Implant Dentistry

The International Congress of Oral Implantologists has supported the development of this consensus report involving the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in implant dentistry with the intent of providing scientifically based guidance to clinicians regarding its use as an adjunct to traditional imaging modalities. The literature regarding CBCT and implant dentistry was systematically reviewed. A PubMed search that included studies published between January 1, 2000, and July 31, 2011, was conducted. Oral presentations, in conjunction with these studies, were given by Dr. Erika Benavides, Dr. Scott Ganz, Dr. James Mah, Dr. Myung-Jin Kim, and Dr. David Hatcher at a meeting of the International Congress of Oral Implantologists in Seoul, Korea, on October 6-8, 2011. The studies published could be divided into four main groups: diagnostics, implant planning, surgical guidance, and postimplant evaluation. The literature supports the use of CBCT in dental implant treatment planning particularly in regards to linear measurements, three-dimensional evaluation of alveolar ridge topography, proximity to vital anatomical structures, and fabrication of surgical guides. Areas such as CBCT-derived bone density measurements, CBCT-aided surgical navigation, and postimplant CBCT artifacts need further research. ICOI RECOMMENDATIONS: All CBCT examinations, as all other radiographic examinations, must be justified on an individualized needs basis. The benefits to the patient for each CBCT scan must outweigh the potential risks. CBCT scans should not be taken without initially obtaining thorough medical and dental histories and performing a comprehensive clinical examination. CBCT should be considered as an imaging alternative in cases where the projected implant receptor or bone augmentation site(s) are suspect, and conventional radiography may not be able to assess the true regional three-dimensional anatomical presentation. The smallest possible field of view should be used, and the entire image volume should be interpreted.

Precision of Implant Placement With Stereolithographic Templates: A Pilot In Vitro Study

This pilot study assesses the accuracy of 2 bone-supported stereolithographic surgical templates with respect to placement of implants in originally planned positions, and it tests the precision of dental volumetric tomography planning. Two mandibles retrieved from formalin-fixed human cadavers were scanned by dental volumetric tomography for planning of the implant positions, leading to stereolithographic models and fabrication of surgical guides. The situation immediately following drilling and implant insertion by an experienced surgeon was scanned and the outcome compared with the initial planning. The 3-dimensional discrepancies were then analyzed and determined. The results show deviations of the placed implants from the original planning, especially in the vertical direction, making the seating of a prefabricated denture impossible. At present, the flapless surgery technique based on stereolithographic surgical templates appears unsafe; further improvement is required.

Presurgical Planning With CT-Derived Fabrication of Surgical Guides

Presurgical Planning With CT-Derived Fabrication of Surgical Guides