Fabric Fibers Research Articles

Role of intermediate water in alleviating postsurgical intrapericardial adhesion.

Various polymers have been used as postsurgical antiadhesive materials; however, the mechanisms underlying their efficacy remain unclear. Intermediate water has been found to prevent the adhesion between polymer molecules and proteins or cells. The present study investigated the role of intermediate water retained in the polymer in alleviating postsurgical pericardial adhesion. Hydrophobic fabrics were prepared using biodegradable polyglycolic acid. To add intermediate water, the fabric fibers were coated with poly(oxyethylene)oleyl ethers. Intermediate water in the hydrated state was detected by a thermal analysis for each material, and cell attachment to the fibers with or without coating was observed in vitro. Using a canine model of postsurgical pericardial adhesion, the severity of adhesion was examined along with a histological assessment during treatment, with or without fabric coating. Intermediate water was detected in the coating materials but not in polyglycolic acid. Coating significantly reduced the cell attachment to the fibers. Coating also alleviated adhesion by reducing inflammation in the fibrous layer and replacing the fabric and granulomas that develop around the surgical sutures in the pericardial space. Intermediate water in the hydrated polymer of anti-adhesives may play an important role in alleviating postoperative pericardial adhesion.

Schiff base approach to introduce chitosan-phytic acid complex for flame-retardant cotton fabrics

In this study, chitosan was integrated onto cotton fabric fibers through a Schiff base reaction, followed by the in-situ generation of Chitosan-Phytic acid (CH-PA) complex to achieve green flame retardancy. The process began with oxidizing the fabric using sodium periodate (NaIO4) to create numerous aldehyde groups on the fiber surface. Subsequently, CH was grafted onto the fabric via a Schiff base reaction. The fabric was then immersed in a PA solution to form a CH-PA complex, resulting in a novel and highly efficient flame-retardant (FR) fabric. The structure of the treated fabric was analyzed by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), confirming the successful formation of the desired structure. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of the fabric were systematically evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), cone calorimetry (CONE), vertical combustion tests, and limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurements. The LOI increased from 17.6 % to 30.6 %, and vertical combustion tests demonstrated self-extinguishing capabilities when the fabric was treated by the NaIO4 solution at concentrations of 0.02 g/mL or higher. In the CONE test, the modified fabric showed significant improvements, with peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) decreasing by approximately 80 % and 60 %, respectively. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the FR mechanism involved both gas phase and condensed phase actions. Further characterization of the material included tensile testing and wash resistance assessments. By comparing these findings with recent research on similar topics, the advantages and disadvantages of the materials were thoroughly evaluated. Notably, this work provides a robust experimental foundation and conceptual expansion for the green flame retardancy of cotton fabrics.

Janus Structure Construction of Polyester-Cotton Fabrics for Achieving Excellent Moisture, Moisture-Permeability, and Antibacterial Capability.

Integration of hydrophobic and antibacterial functionalities into polyester-cotton blended (PTCO) textiles has attracted more attention but remains a challenge. Here, a Janus fabric with antibacterial effect, hydrophobicity, and enhanced moisture-permeability is fabricated using a "mist polymerization" approach. The PET fibers in the PTCO fabric are amino-functionalized through ammonolysis reactions of PET molecules with HDA, and mist treatments of poly lauryl methacrylate (PLMA) and poly(DMC-co-MA) (PDM) are applied on the two side surfaces of the PTCO-HDA fabric, respectively. The resulting Janus fabric exhibits an antibacterial rate of 99.9% against both E. coli and S. aureus, along with a hydrophobic property on its single side (PTCO-HDA@PLMA). Additionally, the establishment of a surface-free energy gradient across the fabric confers superior moisture-permeability to the Janus fabric, offering advantages in preserving textile comfort. Moreover, this approach does not significantly compromise the original fabric properties, such as mechanical strength, moisture permeability, and fabric softness. The proposed method offers a straightforward and scalable strategy for textile finishing, demonstrating great potential in expanding the application scope of PTCO fabrics, and it may hold a pivotal role in diverse applications, notably encompassing home textiles, wound dressings, and high-performance sportswear.

Fluid-Dynamics-Rectified Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Preparing Graphene-Skinned Glass Fiber Fabric and Its Application in Natural Energy Harvest.

Graphene chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth directly on target using substrates presents a significant route toward graphene applications. However, the substrates are usually catalytic-inert and special-shaped; thus, large-scale, high-uniformity, and high-quality graphene growth is challenging. Herein, graphene-skinned glass fiber fabric (GGFF) was developed through graphene CVD growth on glass fiber fabric, a Widely used engineering material. A fluid dynamics rectification strategy was first proposed to synergistically regulate the distribution of carbon species in 3D space and their collisions with hierarchical-structured substrates, through which highly uniform deposition of high-quality graphene on fibers in large-scale 3D-woven fabric was realized. This strategy is universal and applicable to CVD systems using various carbon precursors. GGFF exhibits high electrical conductivity and photothermal conversion capability, based on which a natural energy harvester was first developed. It can harvest both solar and raindrop energy through solar heating and droplet-based electricity generating, presenting promising potentials to alleviate energy burdens.

Bio-Innovative Modification of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Fabric Using Enzymes and Chitosan.

This article investigates the activation of surface groups of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers in woven fabric by hydrolysis and their functionalization with chitosan. Two types of hydrolysis were performed-alkaline and enzymatic. The alkaline hydrolysis was performed in a more sustainable process at reduced temperature and time (80 °C, 10 min) with the addition of the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride as an accelerator. The enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using Amano Lipase A from Aspergillus niger (2 g/L enzyme, 60 °C, 60 min, pH 9). The surface of the PET fabric was functionalized with the homogenized gel of biopolymer chitosan using a pad-dry-cure process. The durability of functionalization was tested after the first and tenth washing cycle of a modified industrial washing process according to ISO 15797:2017, in which the temperature was lowered from 75 °C to 50 °C, and ε-(phthalimido) peroxyhexanoic acid (PAP) was used as an environmentally friendly agent for chemical bleaching and disinfection. The influence of the above treatments was analyzed by weight loss, tensile properties, horizontal wicking, the FTIR-ATR technique, zeta potential measurement and SEM micrographs. The results indicate better hydrophilicity and effectiveness of both types of hydrolysis, but enzymatic hydrolysis is more environmentally friendly and favorable. In addition, alkaline hydrolysis led to a 20% reduction in tensile properties, while the action of the enzyme resulted in a change of only 2%. The presence of chitosan on polyester fibers after repeated washing was confirmed on both fabrics by zeta potential and SEM micrographs. However, functionalization with chitosan on the enzymatically bioactivated surface showed better durability after 10 washing cycles than the alkaline-hydrolyzed one. The antibacterial activity of such a bio-innovative modified PET fabric is kept after the first and tenth washing cycles. In addition, applied processes can be easily introduced to any textile factory.

Discovering Halite Traces on a Victim’s Clothing through a Forensic Geoscience Analytical Approach: A Suspicious Case in Italy

This suspect case focuses on investigating the presence of halite (NaCl) crystals on the clothing of a deceased individual to determine whether they resulted from immersion in seawater or residual absorption after immersion (i.e., the crystals were left on the clothing after contact with the victim’s wet body). Thirteen clothing samples were collected from various garments worn by the victim and were subjected to optical stereomicroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA). Optical stereomicroscopy revealed numerous white-colored, vitreous, and greasy luster microcrystals dispersed between fabric fibers, with higher concentrations observed near the hem seams and metal rivets. These microcrystals exhibited predominantly cubic and irregular morphologies. Additionally, sandy particles and organic elements, such as plant fragments and micro seashells, were detected, indicative of coastal environment exposure. SEM-EDS analysis confirmed the presence mainly of sodium and chlorine in stoichiometric ratios consistent with halite, with crystals exhibiting amorphous, needle-shaped, or cubic morphologies. Furthermore, STA analysis identified weight loss events attributed to organic decomposition and halite decomposition at high temperatures, corroborating SEM-EDS findings. The distribution and characteristics of halite crystals, along with other trace elements, support the hypothesis of immersion in seawater while wearing clothing. Specifically, the higher concentrations of halite crystals near thicker fabric portions and metal rivets suggest slower drying rates and longer evaporation times, indicative of immersion rather than residual absorption after swimming. This finding not only helps in determining the victim’s exposure to seawater but also establishes a methodology for distinguishing between different sources of halite residue on clothing. Overall, the comprehensive mineralogical characterization of halite crystals on clothing samples, using best practices of forensic mineralogy, provides valuable forensic insights related to the circumstances that led to the victim’s death. This approach aided investigators in reconstructing the sequence of events, enhancing the accuracy of forensic reconstructions. Moreover, this study contributes to the broader field of forensic geoscience by demonstrating the practical applications of mineralogical analysis in criminal investigations, potentially guiding future research and improving investigative techniques in similar cases.

Design, characterizations, and antimicrobial activity of sustainable home furnishing-based waste fabric treated using biobased nanocomposite

Clothing and textile industries are major contributors to environmental pollution including textile manufacturing through garment production, spinning, weaving, and dyeing. In this context, the sustainability textile industry is a big challenge and contributes to serving a large segment of society. Also, textile wastes could be used as a raw material for added-value products. Herein, in this study, recycling of residues fabric was treated with antimicrobial nanocomposite to reach the best use of exhausts and obtain multifunction products of aesthetic via the technical design of the waste raw materials. Besides, solving the unemployment problem by opening fields for small industry projects capable of producing high-value textile artifacts, especially when treated against microbes, can be applied to home furnishings. The waste fabric was treated via green synthesis nanocomposite based on chitosan and in situ prepared ZnONPs and cross-linked with tannic acid. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using physicochemical analysis including attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the nanocomposite and treated fabric topographical behavior were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) attachment with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and images were processed to evaluate the roughness structure. Additionally, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were performed to ensure the size and stability of the nanocomposite. The obtained results affirmed the green synthesis of nanocomposite with a size around 130 nm, as well as the doped ZnONPs average size of 26 nm and treated waste fabric, performed a promising attraction between nanocomposite and fabric fibers. Moreover, the antimicrobial study observed excellent activity of nanocomposite against bacteria and unicellular fungi as well.

The Interaction and Lift-Off Forces of an Atomic Force Microscope Tip from Single Fibers Extracted from Protective Clothing Fabric.

The widespread use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) poses a potential health hazard to humans, especially to those involved in either nanoparticle manufacturing or the usage and assembly of a final product. In this study, we performed systematic force vs distance experiments (F(z)) using an atomic force microscope (AFM) on fibers commonly used in street clothing and protective laboratory clothing to better characterize the relevant interaction forces between engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) and the contacted fabric fibers. The intent of this study is to identify those factors that influence the interaction of ENPs with fabrics with an aim to improve the efficacy of protective clothing against ENP exposure and mitigate potential health risks. A ∼14 nm diameter AFM SiOx tip (with nanoscale radius of curvature) is considered as an effective oxide ENP. Features present (or absent) in a well-executed F(z) AFM experiment provide a fingerprint that distinguishes the relevant forces and interaction mechanisms in play. Measurements of F(z) as a function of relative humidity were also performed to assess the importance of thin surface water layers in binding nanometer-size oxide ENPs to a fabric fiber. The F(z) data indicate the dominant mechanism for adhesion of the oxide tip to the various fabric fibers (cotton, Tyvek (HD polyethylene), polypropylene, and polyester) can be attributed to a van der Waals interaction. The analysis provides no evidence for long-range electrostatic forces or capillary-induced adhesion of the AFM tip to the fibers studied.

Laboratory performance and field demonstration of asphalt overlay with recycled rubber and tire fabric fiber

The escalating number of vehicles has precipitated a surge in tire production, resulting in an increased accumulation of waste materials such as ground tire rubber (GTR) and tire fabric fibers. Integrating recycled materials into asphalt pavement stands as a viable solution to mitigate the issue of waste accumulation. The objective of this study was to assess the durability and aging resistance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) enhanced with GTR and tire fabric fibers, in contrast to traditional HMA. A high-quality pavement incorporating GTR, and tire fibers was constructed in Michigan. Findings indicated that the inclusion of tire fabric fibers markedly bolstered the rutting and cracking resistance of HMA. Viscoelastic testing further confirmed the superior rutting and cracking resistance of the asphalts modified with GTR alone and in combination with tire fibers, relative to conventional asphalt. Additionally, field evaluations of noise levels showed a 2–3 dB decrease in noise with GTR-modified asphalt pavements, and after two years in service, the overlays modified with GTR and fibers exhibited no cracking. Ultimately, asphalt pavements modified with both rubber and tire fibers demonstrated enhanced performance over traditional pavements, offering a quieter and more durable roadway solution.

High-performance flexible magnetic textile fabricated using porous Juncus effusus fiber for biomechanical energy harvesting

Mechanical energy produced by human motion is ubiquitous, continuous, and usually not utilized, making it an attractive target for sustainable electricity-harvesting applications. In this study, flexible magnetic Juncus effusus (M-JE) fibers were prepared from plant-extracted three-dimensional porous Juncus effusus (JE) fibers decorated with polyurethane and magnetic particles. The M-JE fibers were woven into fabrics and used for mechanical energy harvesting through electromagnetic induction. The M-JE fabric and induction coil, attached to the human wrist and waist, yielded continuous and stable voltage (2 V) and current (3 mA) during swinging. The proposed M-JE fabric energy harvester exhibited good energy harvesting potential and was capable of quickly charging commercial capacitors to power small electronic devices. The proposed M-JE fabric exhibited good mechanical energy harvesting performance, paving the way for the use of natural plant fibers in energy-harvesting fabrics.

중첩된 직물 섬유가 칼날로 전이되는 특성 연구

중첩된 직물 섬유가 칼날로 전이되는 특성 연구

Fabrication of multi-sensory Ti3C2Tx MXene/Nylon 6 composite fibers via interfacial deposition method

Here, we present a composite material in the form of Ti3C2Tx MXene/nylon 6 (MPA6) core-shell fibers. These fibers were synthesized through a process involving the systematic stacking of Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets to form a continuous film via interfacial self-assembly, followed by coating onto the surface of nylon 6 fibers. Notably, despite a minimal MXene coating of just 1.53 wt%, the MPA6 fibers exhibit remarkable electrical conductivity, reaching 11.39 ± 2.51 S/cm. The interwoven conductive network within the fabric's fibers contributes to its exceptional properties, including rapid response time (with a response time of 63 ms during pressing behavior), fatigue resistance (maintaining a stable response over 300 cycles), and consistent reproducibility of response during repeated cycles. With its increased sensitivity to various human activities, this composite fiber is well-suited for use as a wearable personal activity monitor. Additionally, its exceptional sensitivity to gravitational objects makes it a valuable tool for gravity detection, capable of detecting changes as small as 1 g.

Bark cloth structure and properties: A naturally occurring fabric and ancestral textile craft from Uganda

Natural fabrics from two bark trees of Uganda (“Kilundu”: Antiaris toxicaria and “Mutuba”: Ficus natalensis) are being considered today for the local footwear industry. Here, we thoroughly examined to determine their structural, biochemical and mechanical properties of the two bark cloths, in order to ascertain their potential use as locally-available, low-cost composite reinforcements and eventually for a use in textile industry as well. Fibres in both fabrics are rich in highly crystalline cellulose (76.6 ± 4.9% and 66.3 ± 0.5%) and have very cohesive cell walls with small lumen size and stiff middle lamellae. However, their low indentation modulus is due to a high microfibrillar angle, penalizing their longitudinal stiffness but making them interesting for impact or deformation performance. The two fabrics exhibit layers of preferred fibres orientations, quasi similar to unidirectional or +/-45° preforms, and hence may be used “as produced” as polymer reinforcements in technical composites but also in textile sector, in place of leather. Finally, their water uptake behaviour (21.2%-wt for Mutuba and 13.8%-wt for Kilundu) indicates opportunities for a range of environmentally-sensitive applications.

Thermochemical and structural characterization of raffia fiber fabric (Raphia vinifera) from the Amazon region

Raffia, a natural lignocellulosic fiber (NLF) extracted from the leaf of the Raphia vinifera palm tree was a long time introduced to the Amazon region. A thermochemical and structural evaluation of the raffia fiber fabric was conducted in the current study. Characterization of the fabric fibers was done using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), lignocellulosic analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermogravimetric analysis showed a loss of moisture at 52.0 °C and the beginning of degradation at 245 °C. During DSC analysis, three peaks were detected: one endothermic peak at 56 °C and two exothermic peaks at 298 and 336 °C, which were linked to the materials in the fibers. The FTIR showed bands indicating molecular vibrations of functional groups present in the constituents of the NLF, like cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Moreover, the raffia fiber fabric exhibited a CI of 66.04% and an MFA of 7.24° as shown in the XRD pattern. The moisture content of the raffia fabric was measured at 9.47%. The density of the raffia fabric was measured at 0.95 g/cm³. Furthermore, it has been discovered a chemical composition with 25% lignin, 14% hemicellulose, and 52% cellulose. Moreover, SEM images revealed that the raffia fiber fabric displays surface porosity throughout its entirety. Given the results mentioned above, raffia fabric fibers show great promise for use in engineering applications, as their properties are comparable to those of other NLF composites used in polymer reinforcement.

Investigation of chemical, physical and morpho-mechanical properties of banana-plantain stalk fibers for ropes and woven fabrics used in composite and limited-lifespan geotextile

This study aimed to assess the potential of banana-plantain stalk fibers (BPSF) as a raw material for ropes and fabrics used in composites and geotextiles. Fibers were obtained by Biological retting and ropes used for geotextile weaving were obtained by three-strand twisting in order to optimize the mechanical properties of geostalk. The thermal, physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics of the fibers were studied in order to assess the impact of the extraction process on fiber performance. In addition, the microstructure of fibers and ropes was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the results highlighted the presence of cellulose microfibrils parallel to fiber axis and hemicellulose linked by lignin matrix. These constituents are organized in three concentric layers around the lumen. Elementary chemical analyses using X-ray energy dispersion (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and chemical deconstruction using Jayme-Wise protocol were carried out to determine the chemical composition of BPSF, which consists of 51.5 % Carbon, 47.07 % Oxygen and mineral salts that can be highly contribute to soil fertilization after degradation. These chemical constituents represent 40 % cellulose, 21.5 % hemicellulose, 24 % lignin, 0.34 % pectin, 7.2 % lip soluble extractable and 7.36 % water-soluble sugars present in BPSF. Thermal properties of BPSF have been investigated showing the initial degradation around 200 °C. Physical analysis and uniaxial tensile testing were performed to determine the multi-scale physical and mechanical properties of geostalk. Statistical evaluation using Weibull distribution established an increasing rate of physical and mechanical properties from the finest scale to the macroscopic scale. Thus, from the BPSF to the ropes, titer increases from 42.5 ± 4.5 g/km to 7983.4 ± 132 g/km and elongation at break increases from 0.75 ± 0.29 mm for the fibers to 52.42 ± 18.91 mm for geostalk. With mass per unit area of 1869 g/m2, the tensile stress of 1281.05 ± 273 MPa and maximum strength of 15.4 ± 1.74 kN/m, geostalk is a sustainable woven fabric alternative to geosynthetics for soil reinforcement as other limited lifespan geotextiles (geojute, geocoir and geosisal). In addition, the thermal stability and high mechanical properties of fibers and ropes suggest their potential application as reinforced phases in composite materials.

Analysis of the properties of bast raw materials as a component of fabric for military uniforms

The relevance of the present research is determined by the need to replace imported raw materials for manufacturing military clothing with Ukrainian raw materials of industrial hemp and oilseed flax. The aim was to analyse the quality properties of bast raw materials and determine their potential for use in military uniforms. In the course of solving the set goals, the methods of complex analysis, synthesis, observation, measurement, comparison and generalisation of the obtained results and information were applied, as well as standard methods generally accepted in the light industry were implemented. It is noted that hemp cottonin and oilseed flax fiber, in contrast to other natural fibers, are more durable, resistant to abrasion, decay, and are characterised by sanitary, antistatic, hypoallergenic and antibacterial properties. It has been revealed that fabrics made of these fibers are durable, have high resistance to ultraviolet radiation, hold colour well, do not fade, etc. The academic paper analyses scientific studies on the use of this raw material for various types of military clothing, protective body armour, and gunpowder production. By determining the main properties of the bast raw materials under study, the possibility of using this raw material in some types of military uniforms was established. The main feature of the structure and components of the research was the systematic and comprehensive study of the quality properties of bast raw materials at all stages of its processing. It was proposed to use oilseed flax fibers and hemp cottonin instead of cotton fibers in fabrics for military purposes. This will reduce the state’s material expenditures on the purchase of fabric for the defense sector and, at the same time, it will help bring the Ukrainian light industry to a new quality level and increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian manufactured goods in the global market. Knowledge of the properties of bast raw materials can help manufacturers improve the quality of fabrics for military purposes

Sustainable production of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibers and nanocrystals using design of experiments

Currently, numerous renewable biomass resources are incinerated as waste or used as livestock feed. By directing these resources to the production of nanomaterials, the commercial value of what was considered mere waste increases considerably. Lignin-containing nanocellulose, for instance, can be produced under mild conditions and has unique properties that make it suitable for a wide variety of applications in different fields, including the textile industry. In the present study, we used Cocus nucifera husks as a source of cellulose to synthesize lignin-containing nanocellulose. To optimize the production process, we employed the Design of Experiments statistical tool to identify the optimal conditions. This wholly chemical-treatment-free process yielded two distinct populations of lignin-containing nanocellulose – 7.35% nanocrystals (13.95 nm in diameter and 200 nm in length) and 92.65% nanofibers (10–20 nm in diameter), both highly stable and capable of being adsorbed onto cotton fabric fibers. This study lays a foundation for the future production and application of green lignin-containing nanocellulose.

Smart Janus cotton fabrics prepared via mist polymerization for moisture and thermal management

The construction of Janus structures on cotton fabrics can endow the fabrics with dynamic multifunctional properties. However, because of the large pores between fabric fibers, the formation of Janus structures by grafting different functional coatings on the double surfaces of cotton fabrics via dipping technology is difficult. To construct Janus structures on cotton fabrics, mist polymerization and “grafting-through” polymerization technologies were used to graft polylauryl methacrylate and a heat-shrinkable thermosensitive antibacterial polymer on the inside and outside surfaces of the cotton fabric, respectively. The as-formed Janus cotton fabric demonstrated excellent antibacterial durability. Even after subjecting the Janus fabric to 70 laundering cycles, its bacterial rates against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were > 93.0 %. Compared with the pristine cotton fabric, when the ambient temperature is high or low, the Janus fabric can adjust the skin temperature within 5 min by approximately ±3.0 °C. Additionally, the fabric exhibited excellent waterproof and moisture permeability properties. The Janus cotton fabrics prepared by the proposed strategy possess significant potential for applications in the field of wearable textiles.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МІЦНОСТІ БАГАТОШАРОВИХ ТЕКСТИЛЬНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ МАТЕМАТИЧНОГО МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ

The strength characteristics of multilayer textile materials are important indicators that affect their reliability and durability. When gluing layers of materials, one of the fundamental properties of matter is used - adhesion. Adhesion relative to textile materials is to obtain a non -detachable connection of the textile cloth and the canvas of the base by establishing between them with glue when heated with plastic deformation and further cooling of all components. During operation there is a displacement of layers relative to each other, as a result, the fabric is destroyed as a whole. Therefore, the process of destruction of adhesive connection of layers of textile materials is a consistent deformation of the adhesive and protruding fibers of the fabric and the canvas of the base before displacement, deformation (elongation) or destruction. The authors of the article investigated the influence of the mechanical properties of textile materials on the strength of the adhesive connection of layers of composite materials. A method of fabric strength research using mathematical modeling has been developed, which allows, without time-consuming experimental studies, to predict the loss of strength with known values ​​of the properties of fabric fibers, the number of layers, and the type of glue. On the basis of the theory of gluing of textile materials, theoretical and experimental studies of the strength of the adhesive connection of multilayer materials were carried out. When studying the strength of an adhesive joint, the main indicator is the magnitude of forces during delamination. The process of destruction of the adhesive connection of layers of textile materials in the event of a delamination load is considered as a sequential deformation of the glue with protruding fibers of the fabric and the base fabric until their displacement, deformation (elongation) or destruction.

A Study on Selective Dyeing of Leather Fibers in Leather Composite Fabrics Based on Natural Leather Waste

A Study on Selective Dyeing of Leather Fibers in Leather Composite Fabrics Based on Natural Leather Waste