F1 Variety Research Articles

Evaluating the Growth, Yield, and Resilience of F1, F2, and Open-Pollinated Squash Varieties: A Comparative Study

In our country, malnutrition poses a severe challenge due to the limited production of nutritious food. Developing disease and pest-resistant varieties such as squash is crucial to tackle this issue. A recent study conducted in Can-ayan, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, from July to October 2019, explored the growth and yield performance of different squash varieties (OP, F1, F2). The research aimed to understand the variations in yield, horticultural and reproductive characteristics, inbreeding depression, and profitability of growing diverse squash genotypes. The results, obtained through a Randomized Complete Block Design with five treatments, highlighted significant differences in traits among the genotypes. Notably, inbreeding depression was observed in marketable fruit production and yield. The analysis revealed varying traits across genotypes, with Gracia hybrid emerging as the most profitable choice, showing positive returns on investment. This study sheds light on the importance of developing resilient crop varieties like squash to address malnutrition challenges effectively.

Adaptation Test of Several Promising Varieties of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Lowlands

Cucumber plants exhibit a remarkable capacity for adaptation to varying altitudes. The objective of this study is to identify the cucumber hybrid candidates that demonstrate the highest adaptability in lowland environments, based on the diversity of both qualitative and quantitative growth characteristics exhibited by each hybrid of Cucumis sativus L. The research was conducted in Sumbersari Hamlet, Kencong Village, Kepung District, Kediri Regency, East Java Province. A completely randomized block design (CRBD) was employed, incorporating six treatments of cucumber varieties, which included five hybrid varieties and one control variety. The experiment was organized into four groups. The materials utilized in this study comprised cucumber seeds from the Cu12, Cu13, Cu14, Cu15, Cu16 varieties, along with the Top Tavi F1 variety as a control. Fertilizers used included NPK and Urea. Observations of qualitative characteristics were conducted in accordance with the test implementation guidelines (PPU), with color variables assessed using the RHS color chart. The qualitative analysis revealed that the cucumber leaves exhibited a green hue (greyish olive green), the flowers were yellow (brilliant yellow), the fruit skin displayed green and yellowish green tones (moderate olive green and strong yellow green), and the shape of the fruit base and slices was characterized as round and obtuse. In terms of quantitative characteristics, the Cu12 variety demonstrated the shortest harvest age, while the Cu16 variety exhibited the longest. Among the varieties tested, the Cu13 variety emerged as the most adaptive, possessing characteristics and traits that surpassed those of the control variety (Top Tavi F1).

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВИДОВ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ КАБАЧКОВ ПЕРЕД СУШКОЙ НА ОРГАНОЛЕПТИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ГОТОВОГО ПРОДУКТА

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of various types of preliminary processing of zucchini before drying on the organoleptic properties of the finished product. The object of the study was fresh zucchini of the Kalazina F1 variety. The study was conducted at the Krasnodar Research Institute for Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products – a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution SKFNTSSVV. The organoleptic properties of the finished product were determined depending on the method of preliminary processing. During the organoleptic evaluation, it was found that the sample treated with a 1 % citric acid solution received the maximum overall score – 4.7 points. The lowest score was received by samples № 1 and № 2 (microwave 480 W for 120 s and 640 W for 60 s). Microwave pre-treatment in various parameters has a significant effect on the taste and the presence of an unpleasant aftertaste compared to other samples. Samples treated with a solution of citric acid in various dosages have a sour taste and prevent darkening of the product during drying. It has been established that various types of pre-treatment affect the quality of the dried product. It is worth noting the advantages of pre-treatment of zucchini with a 1 % solution of citric acid, which affects not only the extension of shelf life by reducing the moisture content of the product, but also the organoleptic properties. In addition, treatment with a 1 % solution of citric acid makes it possible to preserve the organoleptic properties of dried zucchini (prevents surface darkening), as well as reduce the moisture content of the product compared to the control sample.

Comparative Efficacy of Organic Mulching and Organic Neem Oil in the Control of spotted and striped cucumber beetles affecting the growth and yield of Cucumber in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State

A research work was undertaken in the University of Uyo Teaching and Research Farm, Main Campus, Uyo, from March to May during the 2023 cropping season to assess the effect of Organic Mulching and Neem Oil in the Control of Cucumber Beetles (spotted “Diabrotica undecimpunctata” and striped “Acalymma vitatum”) affecting the growth and yield of Cucumber (Cucumis sativum, Saira F1 variety). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The experimental plot consisted of three (3) replicates with 2 treatments: organic mulch, organic Neem oil application and control. An early maturing variety of cucumber “Saira F1” was used as planting material sown in March which lasted till May. Data on insect pest population count, growth and yield parameters were studied and the data obtained were analyzed and subjected to analysis of variance using Fisher`s Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5% probability level. The results from insect population count parameters revealed that Neem oil at 100ml application rate which recorded 10.50 and 6.00 was significantly effective in managing spotted and striped cucumber beetles respectively compared to organic mulch (3kg) which recorded 47.00 and 14.00 for spotted and striped cucumber beetles and control unit which had 61.00 and 42.00 for spotted and striped cucumber beetles respectively. Neem oil at 100ml application rate was also more effective in improving the growth and yield of cucumber plant compared to organic mulch. Hence, Farmers in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State should employ Neem oil in managing spotted and striped cucumber beetles in cucumber production as this is a promising botanical insecticide to check the activities of field cucumber beetles thereby bringing their destructive activities to a minimum and also improves yield.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Beauveria Bassiana Terhadap Intensitas Serangan Serangga Hama Ulat Daun (Plutella xylostella L.), Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Beberapa Varietas Pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.)

This research aims to determine the interaction between administering concentrations of B. bassiana and several varieties on attacks by leaf caterpillar insect pests in increasing plant growth, plant fresh weight and quality of pakcoy plants. The experiment was carried out on experimental land in Cibedug Village, Cikole Village, Lembang District, West Bandung Regency with an altitude of 1100 m above sea level (asl) with Andisol soil order and was carried out from August 2023 to September 2023. The experimental design used was an environmental design experiment using a Split Plot Design consisting of 12 treatment combinations repeated 3 times. consists of two treatment factors, namely B. bassiana concentration (K) with the following levels: k0 : 0 g L-1 Solution (control), k1 : 2 g L-1 Solution, k2 : 4 g L-1 Solution and k3 : 6 g L-1 Solution and the second factor are several Pakcoy varieties (V) with the following levels: v1: Nauli F1 variety, v2: Flaminggo variety, v3: Masbro variety, which is repeated three times. The results of the research showed that there was no interaction between the concentration of B. bassiana and several pak choy varieties on all observed parameters. Giving a B.bassiana concentration of 4 g L-1 Solution had the most efficient effect on the intensity of attacks, weight and length of the 3rd instar larvae of P.xylostella. The Nauli F1 variety gave the best results in terms of plant height and number of leaves and the Flaminggo variety gave the best results in terms of fresh weight per plant and fresh weight per plot.

The Effect of Several Types of Refugia Plants on Whitefly Populations and Production of Red Chili Varieties (Capsicum Annum L.)

The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of refugia on the whitefly population and the production of several varieties of red chili (Capsicum annum L.). This research was conducted in the experimental garden of the UTU Faculty of Agriculture, West Aceh Regency from March - June 2019. Materials used: TM 999 chili seeds, Lado F1 variety, F1 Lidia variety, NPK fertilizer, manure, Kenikir flower plants, Zinnia flowers, and polybags. Tools used: hoe, hand sprayer, camera, and stationery. This study used a 3x2 split plot design with 3 replications. The factor studied was the presence of a whitefly. As the main plot, Refugia (R) consists of three levels, namely R0 = Control, R1 = Zinnia, and R2 = Thinking. Variety (V) consists of 3 levels, namely V1 = TM 999, V2 = Lado F1, and V3 = Lidia F1. The variables observed were the calculation of whitefly population, the percentage of attack rate, and production per plot. The results showed that Refugia plants had a very significant effect on the whitefly population, percentage of pest attack rates, and production per plot. Variety has a significant effect on the percentage level of pest attacks and production per plot.

Development of S Haplotype-Specific Markers to Identify Genotypes of Self-Incompatibility in Radish (Raphanus sativus L.).

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), a root vegetable belonging to the Brassicaceae family, is considered one of the representative crops displaying sporophytic self-incompatibility (SSI). The utilization of a self-incompatibility system in F1 breeding can improve the efficiency of cross-combinations, leading to a reduction in breeding time and aiding in the development of novel F1 varieties. The successful implementation of this system necessitates the rapid and accurate identification of S haplotypes in parental lines. In this study, we identified a total of nine S haplotypes among 22 elite radish lines through Sanger sequencing. Subsequently, we obtained sequences for showing a 95% similarity to nine S haplotypes, along with sequences identified by other researchers using BLAST. Following this, multiple sequence alignment (MSA) was conducted to identify SRK and SLG sequence similarities, as well as polymorphisms within the class I and II groups. Subsequently, S haplotype-specific marker sets were developed, targeting polymorphic regions of SRK and SLG alleles. These markers successfully amplified each of the nine S haplotypes. These markers will play a crucial role in the rapid and precise identification of parental S haplotypes in the radish F1 breeding process, proving instrumental in the radish F1 purity test.

Pengaruh Berbagai Jenis Pupuk Kandang Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Bunga Kol (Brassica olerancea var. botrytis L.) Varietas PM 126 F1

The research aims to determine the best types of manure for the growth and yield of flower plants (Brassica olerencea var. botrytis L.) PM 126 F1 variety. The research was carried out in Palabuan Hamlet, Sukamelang Village, Subang District, Subang Regency with an altitude of 50 meters above sea level, the research started from June to August 2023. The research was carried out using a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 8 treatments of various types of manure (Manure). chicken 15 tons/ha, chicken manure 25 tons/ha, cow drum fertilizer 15 tons/ha, cow manure 25 tons/ha, goat manure 15 tons/ha, goat drum fertilizer 25 tons/ha, bat guano manure 15 tons/ha, fertilizer bat guano cages 25 tons/ha) repeated 3 times with a total of 24 plots. The research results showed that various types of manure had an effect on the observation parameters of plant height at 21 HST and 28 HST, leaf area, plant dry weight, flower weight, and flower diameter. Cow manure at a dose of 25 tons/ha produced the best cauliflower weight, namely 207.73 grams. Â

The effect of seed treatment using plant growth promoter rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the germination process of chili (Capsicum annum L.)

Chili is one of the leading horticultural commodities that has high economic value and still requires serious handling, especially in increase production both in quality and quantity.The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala Darussalam University, Banda Aceh. The research was conducted from April 2023 to June 2023.The design used in this study was a 7 x 2 Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications, so there were 14 treatment combinations and 42 experimental units, each treatment consisting of 3 plants so that 126 plants were obtained. The results showed that the effect of rhizobacterial treatment on the germination process had a significantly increased effect on maximum growth potential, germination, vigor index and growth simultaneity compared to no treatment (control). Almost all rhizobacteria can increase the rate of seed germination. At the variable maximum growth potential, germination capacity, vigor index and growth simultaneity, there are two isolates that have the potential to be candidates for plant growth promoting rhizobacteria agents (PGPR) and these isolates, namely AD 7/1 and LABA F1 varieties significantly provide an increase in seed vigor and viability.

Evaluasi Ketahanan Varietas Cabai Rawit Terhadap Penyakit Antraknosa (Colletotrichum Gloesporioides) Asal Isolat Dari Cabe Hiyung

The category of resistance level of several cayenne pepper varieties planted in swamps to anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum gloesporioides) originating from isolates from hiyung chilies is important to know as basic information for determining control strategies. This research aims to determine the level of resistance of several varieties of cayenne pepper planted in swamp land to anthracnose isolates from Hiyung chilies. This research used RAL (Completely Randomized Design) with 10 treatments and 3 replications and 2 plants were used in each replication so that the total number of plants was 60 plants. The varieties used are the Bara, Hiyung, Dewata 43 F1, Tiung Tanjung, Tiung Ulin, Genie, Sekar, Alip, Sret and CR-9 varieties. Inoculation of the fungus Colletotrichum gloesporioides was carried out at the time of fruiting, with variables observed, namely the incubation period and disease incidence. The results of the research show the resistance of chili plants to anthracnose disease in the susceptible category, namely the Hiyung variety with a disease incidence percentage of 42.08%. The moderate category is the Bara, Dewata 43 F1, Tiung Tanjung, Genie, Sekar, and CR-9 varieties with disease incidence percentages of 30.11%, 28.94%, 35.93%, 20.87%, 21, respectively. 52% and 28.20%. The resistant category is the Tiung Ulin, Alip and Sret varieties with disease incidence percentages of 18.37%, 19.36% and 17.11% respectively. The incubation period for several cayenne pepper varieties that have been tested varies with an average of between 3.5-5.3 days.

Genetic diversity among maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines adapted to Japanese climates.

Understanding the genetic diversity of inbred lines is vital for development of superior F1 varieties. The present study aimed to analyze Japanese maize parental inbred lines and determine their genetic diversity for future breeding. Genetic analyses were conducted using multiple methods. Principal component analysis (PCA), phylogenetic trees, and Bayesian clustering reflected borders between heterotic groups according to the derivation of each inbred line. A self-pollinated line derived from a classic F1 variety and another line from an open-pollinated population from the same derivation were classified as separate components by PCA and Bayesian clustering. The result suggests that open pollination could be essential in modern breeding. Of those classified as dent or flint based on their derivation, some had a combination of all components or clusters. Therefore, the classification of inbred lines should be based on their derivation and DNA markers. The findings will be valuable for breeding and genetic studies in Japan. Additionally, these techniques may be used to obtain a more significant number of SNPs and related phenotypic data.

Biopreservative Efficacy of Some Common Spices Sold in Dakingari Market on Hot-Break Locally Processed Tomato Paste

The research investigated the biopreservative efficacy of some common spices sold in dakingari market as substitutes for chemical preservatives on hot-break locally processed tomato paste (Platinum 7 F1 variety). After concentration, the paste was divided into thirty one (31) portions labeled A–O2. The spices were added to tomato paste in the following proportion of ginger; garlic; onion; pepper; ginger and garlic; ginger and onion; ginger and pepper; garlic and onion; garlic and pepper; onion and pepper; ginger, garlic and onion; ginger, garlic and pepper; garlic, onion and pepper; onion, pepper and ginger; ginger, garlic, onion and pepper 3 and 5 percent. Each mixture (450g) was evenly homogenized, filled up into air-tight Mayonnaise jars and stored at room temperature over a period of 9 weeks. Pure cultures were obtained from distinct colonies by repeating streaking on fresh agar plates and subjected to microscopic examination and biochemical tests such as Gram staining. Microbial examination and yeast counts of the samples were enumerated on a weekly basis while the pure microbial isolates were identified. Results showed that those without fungi growth are; Sample G (ginger and onion), Sample O (onion, pepper and ginger), Sample D (onion), Sample E (pepper), Sample M (ginger, garlic and pepper) and Sample L (ginger, garlic and onion), Sample I (garlic and onion) (3 and 5%). The microorganisms were identified as organism: Rhizopus orazae, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus micronesiensis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger , Phoma multristrata, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Leuconostoc mensenteroides, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus fermentum. The study concluded only Sample D (onion) and Sample N (garlic, onion and pepper) that has no bacteria growth (3 and 5%).The study concluded that combined samples with combination of garlic or ginger (3 and 5%) suitably preserved tomato paste for 9 weeks without deterioration. The use of natural products such as ginger, onion and garlic as natural preservatives could significantly improve tomato utilization in household production in Dakingari and Nigeria at large where refrigeration is greatly hampered by erratic power supply. Further investigation for other biopreservatives is recommended to ascertain the safety consumption of tomato paste of the people in the study area and the need to look into more new natural bio-preservatives which can promote human health besides acting as food preservative.

Innovative farming techniques for superior okra yield in Chitwan, Nepal: The benefits of plastic film mulch and pest exclusion net on soil properties, growth, quality and profitability

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a large-acreage cultivated, nutritious, commercial fruit vegetable crop in tropical and subtropical regions that plays a dominant role in Nepalese cuisine in the summer. Modified growing conditions through pest exclusion nets (PEN) and types of mulch on okra might be effective techniques to enhance yield and marketable production. Research is performed to investigate the effects of PEN and plastic film on the performance and yield of okra. An experiment laid out single factorial randomized complete block design with four replications and five treatments consists of: a) Control (No net + no mulch), b) Organic mulch (Rice straw mulch), c) Black plastic mulch, d) Silver plastic mulch, e) Pest exclusion net + black plastic mulch; on Swastik-2 F1 variety. The data were analyzed R software at the (p ≤ 0.05) level of significance and mean comparison is done using (Dunken Multiple Range Test) DMRT. This study revealed that silver plastic mulch and black plastic mulch treatment statistically resulted in pars & significantly higher yield (30.74 and 29.39 mt ha−1), leaf number/plant (27.98 and 26.73), branch number/plant (5 all), fruit number/plant (33 & 29) and the lowest days to flowering (39 & 40 days) compared to control; while PEN+black plastic mulching treatment resulted in higher plant height (212.93 cm), stem diameter (2.54 cm), fruit length (18.26 cm), fruit diameter (1.73 cm), fruit weight (32.80 g), longest days to flowering (43 days) and lowest leaf number per plant (15.58), branches/plant (4), yield (20.4 mt ha−1), light intensity (110.32 lx) which is undesirable yield perspectives but insect pest population is significantly lower in PEN results superior quality than other treatmets. Black plastic films and PEN+ black mulch raise soil temperature (max 34.89 °C) and increase soil moisture (18.15% vol) during germination. Plant inside PEN +black plastic mulching received low light intensity had higher vegetative growth but found with low yield. Plants in control and straw mulch treatments were found to have low vegetative growth and yield (22.7 and 24.4 tons/ha). Farmers can use silver and Black plastic plastics mulch, which are economically more viable and Productive as compared to other treatments for commercial cultivation of okra.

Physiological Response of Three Melon Varieties Applied to Trichokompos Planting Media and Various Concentrations of Liquid Organic Fertilizer

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of providing trichocompost planting media composition, varieties and various concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer on the physiology of melon plants. This experiment used a separate plot design in groups, the Main Plot was the planting medium (m) which consisted of 3 planting media compositions, m1: Soil Composition: Trichokompos = 1:1, m2 : Soil Composition : Trichokompos = 1:2, m3: Soil Composition : Trichokompos = 2:1 and Subplots are 3 types of melon varieties (v), namely: v1 = Glamor F1, v2 = Rio F, v3 = Noni F1, and Children's Plots are the concentration of eco farming (k), namely: k0 = Without eco farming (control), k1 = Eco farming 5 ml/ liter of water, k3 = Eco farming 10 ml/ liter of water. The results of this research indicate that the composition of 2 soil planting media: 1 trichocompost, Rio F1 variety and a liquid organic fertilizer concentration of 1 ml/liter of water is recommended to improve the physiological phase of melon plants.

Effect of Vermicompost and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield Performance of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Okra is a ubiquitous annual vegetable for its taste and dietary value. The field experiment pursued the effects of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and production of okra. We used three types of fertilizer in this study: control (T3); vermicompost (T1) [5 t/ha]; inorganic fertilizer (T2) [Urea: 80 kg/ha, TSP: 60 kg/ha, MoP: 60 kg/ha]; and two verities of okra, Super Shomy F1 (V1) and BARI Dherosh-1 (V2). Our experiment has some parameters like the height of the okra plants, the length, weight, and diameter of a single pod, the number of leaves, the length of the petiole, the length of the leaves, the days to first flowering, the total pods per plant, the weight of the pods per plant, and the total yield (ton/ha) that are related to vermicompost and inorganic fertilizer. Results showed that all growth and yield parameters were highest in the Super Shomy F1 variety compared to BARI Dherosh-1. Among fertilizer management treatments, vermicompost recorded significant results over inorganic fertilizer on all parameters except leaf number and days prior to first flowering. The control group yielded the lowest outcome across all parameters. As part of the fertilizer management treatment's interaction effect with variety, the highest yield (16.37 t/ha) was measured in V1T1 (Super Shomy F1 × vermicompost), followed by V1T2 (14.50 t/ha), and V2T1 (12.50 t/ha). V2T3 (BARI Dherosh-1 × control) showed the lowest performance (5.4 t/ha). The experiment suggests that applying vermicompost encourages okra to grow and yield more.

Effect of different potassium fertilizers on yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under drought stress conditions

The experiment was carried out in open field conditions in Ciğir village, located in the Idil district of Sirnak province, during 2020 tomato growing season. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different potassium (potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate) fertilizers on yield and quality characteristics of tomato plants (Fereng genotype and Kamenta F1 variety) grown under drought stress. The fertilizers were foliar applied at a dose of 1%. Irrigation treatments of the experiment were full irrigation (control, 100%), 66% of the full irrigation, and 33% of the full irrigation. Leaf temperature, relative water content of leaf, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight of green parts, membranes injury index, soluble solid content (SSC) in tomato juice, pH of tomato juice and total yield were determined. The results indicated that drought stress had a significant adverse impacts on yield and quality of both Fereng genotype and Kamenta F1 variety. The application of potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate caused an increase in the chlorophyll and water soluble solid content. Potassium chloride application resulted in a reduction in membrane damage. The effects of potassium sulfate fertilizer on yield was significantly higher than the other two potassium fertilizers.

Resistance of cayenne pepper varieties (Capsicum frutescens) to anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) isolates from swampy areas

Anthracnose, a primary disease in chili plants caused by the pathogen fungus Colletotrichum sp., has proven significant losses by affecting harvests and inducing fruit decay. Control measures using synthetic pesticides have been implemented but yielded unsatisfactory results. The utilization of resistant varieties stands as a pertinent approach in early control efforts to minimize harvest losses. Additionally, the use of resistant varieties is a crucial component of integrated disease control implementation. This study aims to investigate the resistance levels of ten chili varieties commonly grown in swampy areas against specific isolates of Colletotrichum sp. present in swampy locations. The research, conducted in a randomized complete design in a greenhouse, tested ten varieties of cayenne pepper typically cultivated in swampy areas. The results revealed that the Hiyung variety is Susceptible, while Bara, Dewata 43 F1, Tiung Tanjung, Genie, Sekar, and CR-9 varieties exhibit moderate resistance. Conversely, Tiung Ulin, Alip, and Sret varieties are classified as resistant. The incubation period for tested cayenne pepper varieties varied, ranging from 3.5 to 5.3 days. A longer incubation period indicates greater resistance to anthracnose in chili varieties. The selection of resistant varieties is a pivotal step in anthracnose management, not only to minimize harvest losses but also to support an effective integrated control approach.

Research development method of chemical activation of light-independent oxidative processes at the seed material germination stage

Studies of biochemical processes occurring in plant tissues indicate a significant role of interactions involving oxygen-containing compounds. Hydrogen peroxide is one of the oxidizing agents found in the structure of plant tissues, the most stable oxygen-containing substance. According to the results of experimental studies of the action of oxygen-containing compounds, including as activators of hydrogen peroxide, introduced into the composition of the moisturizing liquid used in the germination of seeds of cultivated plants, it was found that their use increases the activity of growth processes. Using the example of cucumber seedlings of the Mazai F1 variety, the best indicators were found in a two-component aqueous solution containing hydrogen peroxide (3.5×10-5 M) and cyclohexanone (1.75×10-5 M). The increase during the 48-part experiment was 175% compared to the comparison experiment conducted in distilled water. An assessment of the environmental safety of the proposed solutions containing oxygen-containing compounds in their composition has shown that they are safe in recommended concentrations as moisturizing liquids for seed germination.

Ograniczenie wybranych środków produkcji w uprawie rzepaku ozimego: wyzwania i możliwości maksymalizacji plonu z zachowaniem aspektów ekologicznych

The research conducted in 2021-2022 is preliminary and its aim was to draw attention to the benefits of maintaining ecological aspects in agricultural production. The experiment compared the response of two varieties of winter rapeseed (Tigris, Riccardo KWS) to two levels of cultivation intensity and the profitability of the applied agrotechnical treatments. The research shows that the yield and chemical composition of seeds depended on the cultivation technology used. More favorable economic effects were obtained from growing winter rapeseed at a medium-intensity level (A2), despite the lower yield. The Tigris variety exceeded the Riccardo KWS F1 variety in the tested parameters. It has been shown that in less intensive cultivation systems, the efficiency of the use of production inputs increases, which may contribute to reducing the negative impact on the natural environment.

Respon Pemberian Pupuk Petroganik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Beberapa Varietas Tanaman Mentimun (Cucumis sativus l.) Di Desa Besar II Terjun Serdang Bedagai

In this research, we wanted to see the response of applying petroganic fertilizer to the growth and production of several varieties of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Besar II village, Terjun Serdang Bedagai. The study was conducted by a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), with two factors namely: Petroganic Fertilizer Factor (P) with 4 levels, namely: P0= 0 kg/plot (Control), P1= 0.5 tons/ha (50 gram/plot), P2= 1 ton/ha (100 gram/plot) (recommended dose), P3= 1.5 ton/ha (150 gram/plot), Cucumber Variety Factor (V) with 2 levels, namely V1= Harmoni Plus, V2= Monas F1. The growth of cucumber plants due to petroganic fertilizers showed a significant effect on plant height, stem diameter at plant ages 15, 30 and 45 days after planting, fruit length at 45 and 50 days after planting, fruit weight at 40, 45 and 50 days after planting. Petroganic fertilizer had no significant effect on fruit length 40 days after planting. The best petroganic fertilizer treatment is P3 which is 150 gram/plot. The growth of cucumber plants due to the variety treatment showed no significant effect on all parameters, namely plant height and stem diameter at the age of 15, 30 and 45 days after planting and fruit length and fruit weight at 40, 45 and 50 days after planting. The best variety treatment was V2, namely the Monas F1 variety. The interaction between the petroganic fertilizer treatment and the variety treatment had no significant effect on all observed parameters.