Eye Movements Of Participants Research Articles

Anatomical variants of acne differ in their impact on social perception.

Acne negatively affects quality of life, however quality-of-life scores poorly correlate with disease severity scores. Previous research demonstrated existence of facial areas in which skin lesions have greater impact on gaze patterns. Therefore, we hypothesized that anatomical variants of acne may be perceived differently. The aim was to investigate effect of anatomical variants of acne on natural gaze patterns and resulting impact on social perception of acne patients. We tracked eye movements of participants viewing neutral and emotional faces with acne. Images were rated for acne-related visual disturbance, and emotional faces were rated for valence intensity. Respondents of an online survey were asked to rate their perception of pictured individuals' personality traits. All faces with acne were perceived as less attractive and received poorer personality judgements with mid-facial acne presenting smallest deviation from healthy faces. T-zone and mixed acne exhibited the least significant difference in respondents gaze behaviour pattern from each other. In addition, there was no significant difference in respondents' grading of acne visual disturbance or ratings for attractiveness, success and trustworthiness. U-zone adult female acne was rated as the most visually disturbing and received the lowest scores for attractiveness. Happy faces with adult female acne were rated as less happy compared to other acne variants and clear-skin faces. Anatomic variants of acne have a distinct impact on gaze patterns and social perception. Adult female acne has the strongest negative effect on recognition of positive emotions in affected individuals, attractiveness ratings and forming social impressions. If perioral acne lesions are absent, frontal lesions determine impact of acne on social perception irrespective of the presence of mid-facial lesions. This perceptive hierarchy should be taken into consideration while deciding treatment goals in acne patients, prioritizing achieving remission in perioral and frontal area.

An Eye-Fixation Related Electroencephalography Technique for Predicting Situation Awareness: Implications for Driver State Monitoring Systems.

This study developed a fixation-related electroencephalography band power (FRBP) approach for situation awareness (SA) assessment in automated driving. Maintaining good SA in Level 3 automated vehicles is crucial to drivers' takeover performance when the automated system fails. A multimodal fusion approach that enables the analysis of the visual behavioral and cognitive processes of SA can facilitate real-time assessment of SA in future driver state monitoring systems. Thirty participants performed three simulated automated driving tasks. After each task, the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) was deployed to capture their SA about key elements that could affect their takeover task performance. Participants eye movements and brain activities were recorded. Data on their brain activity after each eye fixation on the key elements were extracted and labeled according to the correctness of the SAGAT. Mixed-effects models were used to identify brain regions that were indicative of SA, and machine learning models for SA assessment were developed based on the identified brain regions. Participants' alpha and theta oscillation at frontal and temporal areas are indicative of SA. In addition, the FRBP technique can be used to predict drivers' SA with an accuracy of 88% using a neural network model. The FRBP technique, which incorporates eye movements and brain activities, can provide more comprehensive evaluation of SA. Findings highlight the potential of utilizing FRBP to monitor drivers' SA in real-time. The proposed framework can be expanded and applied to driver state monitoring systems to measure human SA in real-world driving.

'Eye-Tracking' with Words for Alzheimer's Disease Detection: Time Alignment of Words Enunciation with Image Regions During Image Description Tasks.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that results in cognitive decline, dementia, and eventually death. Diagnosing early signs of AD can help clinicians to improve the quality of life. We developed a non-invasive approach to help neurologists and clinicians to distinguish probable AD patients and healthy controls (HC). The patients' gaze points were followed based on the words they used to describe the Cookie Theft (CT) picture description task. We hypothesized that the timing of words enunciation aligns with the participant's eye movements. The moments that each word was spoken were then aligned with specific regions of the image. We then applied machine learning algorithms to classify probable AD and HC. We randomly selected 60 participants (30 AD and 30 HC) from the Dementia Bank (Pitt Corpus). Five main classifiers were applied to different features extracted from the recorded audio and participants' transcripts (AD and HC). Support vector machine and logistic regression had the highest accuracy (up to 80% and 78.33%, respectively) in three different experiments. In conclusion, point-of-gaze can be applied as a non-invasive and less expensive approach compared to other available methods (e.g., eye tracker devices) for early-stage AD diagnosis.

How task instruction influences the performance and the text reading pattern in case of inconsistent compare problems in primary school.

"Compare word problems are quite difficult for primary school students, especially inconsistent ones when the relational term from the problem text is not consistent with the arithmetic operation required for the solution. The present study investigates the effect of different task instructions on successfulness in solving inconsistent compare word problems and in the reading pattern of the text of these problems. Therefore, in this study eye-tracking was used to monitor participants eye movements while reading and solving compare word problems. Fifty-six 4th graders’ eye-movement behavior and responses were collected to analyze the fixation time and fixation number on different data from the text of the tasks and the solution time on each task. In the test inconsistent compared problems were given requiring the use of multiplication/division operations. The problems were divided into three groups with different task instructions. In the first group of problems the requirement was to solve the problems, pupils could freely concentrate on the text elements they wanted as the text of the problem was classically given. In the second case students were forced to spend more time focusing on the context of the problem as they first got the text of the problem with symbols instead of numbers. In the case of the third group of problems, pupils had to create the graphical representation of the word problem considering the value of the given variable and the relation between the two variables. The results show that the instruction type influenced both performance and reading pattern. When students are forced to spend more time reading the entire text (problems given first with symbols), the solution success rate is higher. Graphical representation of the problem’s data also contributes to a better performance. There are also differences in percentages of reading times spent on fixation different key elements of the text or different sentences of the problem. The key element fixated for a higher percentage of time depends on the type of instruction."

How task instruction influences the performance and the text reading pattern in case of inconsistent compare problems in primary school.

"Compare word problems are quite difficult for primary school students, especially inconsistent ones when the relational term from the problem text is not consistent with the arithmetic operation required for the solution. The present study investigates the effect of different task instructions on successfulness in solving inconsistent compare word problems and in the reading pattern of the text of these problems. Therefore, in this study eye-tracking was used to monitor participants eye movements while reading and solving compare word problems. Fifty-six 4th graders’ eye-movement behavior and responses were collected to analyze the fixation time and fixation number on different data from the text of the tasks and the solution time on each task. In the test inconsistent compared problems were given requiring the use of multiplication/division operations. The problems were divided into three groups with different task instructions. In the first group of problems the requirement was to solve the problems, pupils could freely concentrate on the text elements they wanted as the text of the problem was classically given. In the second case students were forced to spend more time focusing on the context of the problem as they first got the text of the problem with symbols instead of numbers. In the case of the third group of problems, pupils had to create the graphical representation of the word problem considering the value of the given variable and the relation between the two variables. The results show that the instruction type influenced both performance and reading pattern. When students are forced to spend more time reading the entire text (problems given first with symbols), the solution success rate is higher. Graphical representation of the problem’s data also contributes to a better performance. There are also differences in percentages of reading times spent on fixation different key elements of the text or different sentences of the problem. The key element fixated for a higher percentage of time depends on the type of instruction."

Understanding the encoding of object locations in small-scale spaces during free exploration using eye tracking

Navigation is instrumental to daily life and is often used to encode and locate objects, such as keys in one's house. Yet, little is known about how navigation works in more ecologically valid situations such as finding objects within a room. Specifically, it is not clear how vision vs. body movements contribute differentially to spatial memory in such small-scale spaces. In the current study, participants encoded object locations by viewing them while standing (stationary condition) or by additionally being guided by the experimenter while blindfolded (walking condition) after viewing the objects. They then retrieved the objects from the same or different viewpoint, creating a 2 × 2 within subject design. We simultaneously recorded participant eye movements throughout the experiment using mobile eye tracking. The results showed no statistically significant differences among our four conditions (stationary, same viewpoint as encoding; stationary, different viewpoint; walking, same viewpoint; walking, different viewpoint), suggesting that in a small real-world space, vision may be sufficient to remember object locations. Eye tracking analyses revealed that object locations were better remembered next to landmarks and that participants encoded items on one wall together, suggesting the use of local wall coordinates rather than global room coordinates. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that the only significant predictor of object placement accuracy was average looking time. These results suggest that vision may be sufficient for encoding object locations in a small-scale environment and that such memories may be formed largely locally rather than globally.

The influence of the stimulus category on the characteristics of eye movements in visual search

Introduction. The speed and efficiency of visual search are important characteristics of the activities of a significant range of specialists working with visual information. Specialists have carefully studied the features of visual search from the point of view of cognitive psychology and in connection with the modeling of oculomotor activity. It has been shown that its effectiveness and the parameters of search eye movements are influenced by both stimulation factors and some cognitive factors (features of the subject's preset, the influence of previous search stages, etc.). We assume that the search features are also related to how well a person represents the desired stimulus: whether it belongs to a familiar semantic category, how accurate and unambiguous its visual representation is.
 The study aims to explore the relationship between the parameters of eye movements in visual search and the features of the mental representation of the target object.
 Materials and methods. We have created sets of stimuli belonging to different semantic categories, characterized by different accuracy of mental representations, but having similar sensory qualities. Each object (both the target stimulus and the distractor) in the search field was a black circle on a white background with four black segments inside. The segments formed one of three configurations: a) a face; b) a Roman numeral; c) a random configuration. The study participants were asked to find in a matrix of 84 objects a specific target stimulus belonging to one of the three specified categories. The scientists recorded the participant's eye movements during the search.
 Results. The results of the study generally confirmed the hypothesis about the relationship of search characteristics with the category of the target object. The smallest number of errors, the minimum duration of fixation and the maximum amplitude of saccades characterized the search for Roman numerals — objects with a well-formed and well-defined visual representation. The most difficult, as expected, was the search for objects representing random configurations of segments.
 Limitations. Since the study was largely exploratory in nature, the results obtained require clarification on a wider sample. It is possible that the characteristics of the search were influenced by such a factor not controlled in the study as the configuration of the lines, namely, the presence or absence of their intersections, which should be taken into account in further work.
 Conclusions. The better the visual representation of the target object is formed, the more successful its search is. In this case, eye movements are characterized by a shorter duration of fixation and a higher frequency of saccades of greater amplitude.
 Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with the ethical principles set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association, all participants gave voluntary informed consent.

Attention mediates the effect of emotional arousal on learning outcomes in multimedia learning: an eye-tracking study

Recent findings from psychological studies have shown that emotional arousal improves human memory. However, more evidence is necessary if these results are generalisable to multimedia learning environments. Considering these needs, the study has the goal to examine the effect of emotional arousal on multimedia learning. Fifty-seven participants were presented with instructional materials with either high- or low-arousing words and pictures in an experimental study. The eye movements of participants were recorded while they studied the instructional materials to examine the online processes during learning. The results suggest that emotional arousal enhanced recall and transfer scores. The eye-tracking results demonstrate that emotional arousal attracted attention. The results of the mediation analysis suggest that fixation time on emotional pictures as an indicator of attention mediated the relationship between emotional arousal and learning outcomes. The findings show the importance of the guidance of attention by emotional multimedia elements for learning.

Characterizing motion prediction in small autonomous swarms

The use of robotic swarms has become increasingly common in research, industrial, and military domains for tasks such as collective exploration, coordinated movement, and collective localization. Despite the expanded use of robotic swarms, little is known about how swarms are perceived by human operators. To characterize human-swarm interactions, we evaluate how operators perceive swarm characteristics, including movement patterns, control schemes, and occlusion. In a series of experiments manipulating movement patterns and control schemes, participants tracked swarms on a computer screen until they were occluded from view, at which point participants were instructed to estimate the spatiotemporal dynamics of the occluded swarm by mouse click. In addition to capturing mouse click responses, eye tracking was used to capture participants eye movements while visually tracking swarms. We observed that manipulating control schemes had minimal impact on the perception of swarms, and that swarms are easier to track when they are visible compared to when they were occluded. Regarding swarm movements, a complex pattern of data emerged. For example, eye tracking indicates that participants more closely track a swarm in an arc pattern compared to sinusoid and linear movement patterns. When evaluating behavioral click-responses, data show that time is underestimated, and that spatial accuracy is reduced in complex patterns. Results suggest that measures of performance may capture different patterns of behavior, underscoring the need for multiple measures to accurately characterize performance. In addition, the lack of generalizable data across different movement patterns highlights the complexity involved in the perception of swarms of objects.

Text Size Affects Eye Movement during Reading among Young Adults and Adults with Presbyopia

Objective: Reading is an activity that indirectly informs a person’s visual capacity to distinguish letters and words. Reading begins with eye movements, then substantial cognitive processing and synthesis, before becoming voice reading. Therefore, text is a factor that could impact reading quality through its control of eye movements. This study examined the eye movements of young adults and adults with presbyopia using texts of different sizes.Materials and Methods: Twenty-five young adults and twenty-two adults with presbyopia and good vision were included in this study. Six text sizes of a passage were chosen as the reading stimuli. The eye movement of participants in saccades and fixation were captured, tracked, and analyzed using the Dikablis eye tracker glasses.Results: Eye movement of young adults differed significantly (p<0.05) when reading texts of different sizes. The eyes moved more and had a wider saccadic angle as the font size increased. An increase in fixations or stopping of the eyes were observed with larger texts. Adults with presbyopia had significantly different eye movement patterns than young adults (p<0.05), whereby these participants stopped more frequently at longer periods and had a narrower saccadic angle.Conclusion: Eye movements changed when reading texts of varied sizes and the movements differed between younger and older adults. These translate to altered visual searching and attention strategies with varied text readability, indicating that the oculomotor system adapts to the pattern, shape, and size of the presented reading material. This behavior could imply that cognitive processes have been altered to facilitate comprehension.

Cognitive process underlying ultimatum game: An eye-tracking study from a dual-system perspective.

According to the dual-system theories, the decisions in an ultimatum game (UG) are governed by the automatic System 1 and the controlled System 2. The former drives the preference for fairness, whereas the latter drives the self-interest motive. However, the association between the contributions of the two systems in UG and the cognitive process needs more direct evidence. In the present study, we used the process dissociation procedure to estimate the contributions of the two systems and recorded participants eye movements to examine the cognitive processes underlying UG decisions. Results showed that the estimated contributions of the two systems are uncorrelated and that they demonstrate a dissociated pattern of associations with third variables, such as reaction time (RT) and mean fixation duration (MFD). Furthermore, the relative time advantage (RTA) and the transitions between the two payoffs can predict the final UG decisions. Our findings provide evidence for the independent contributions of preference for fairness (System 1) and self-interest maximizing (System 2) inclinations to UG and shed light on the underlying processes.

Dynamic Visual Acuity Test To Denote Visuomotor Changes In Adolescents Participating In High Impact Sports

Repetitive head impacts (RHI), independent of concussion, can have a negative influence on the visual system but data are sparse in adolescent contact athletes. PURPOSE: Evaluate the effect of repetitive head impacts influence on adolescent football players oculomotor and vision throughout the mid-point of a single contact season using a dynamic visual acuity (DVA) task. METHODS:4 NIAA Varsity and JV football high school players (all males) with ≤20/20 static visual acuity with or without corrective lenses participated in this study. Student-athletes were evaluated prior (PRE) to the start of the season and in the middle (MID) of the season. The football players all wore instrumented mouthguards to track head impacts during each practice and game. Every participant completed 120 randomized trials of smooth pursuit (SPEM) (30°/s) and saccadic (90°/s) eye movements at (PRE) and (MID) of the season. All participants eye movements were tracked by (500 Hz; Eyelink SR research, Ottawa, CN) while their heads were stable in a chin rest 150 cm away from a 26° monitor. Participants were tasked to determine the orientation of Landolt-C’s openings (left, right, up, down) that moved across the monitor (horizontally left to fight) using a keypad. Depending on the correct/incorrect responses during the smooth pursuit and saccadic trials, the size of the C’s would either increase or decrease in size (2-up, 1-down staircase). Between each trial, a retinal flush image was presented for 2 ms before the appearance of a fixation cross. Smoot pursuit eye movement (SPEM) gain, and vision alongside saccadic peak velocity were evaluated at each time point. RESULTS: No significant difference was noted at PRE (1.09 ± 0.04) to MID (1.07 ± 0.08; p = 0.33, Cohen’s d = 0.32) for SPEM gain and for saccadic peak velocity (PRE = 386.70 ± 36.94 m/s, MID = 397.20 ± 2.12 m/s; p = 0.935, Cohen’s d = 0.33). Similarly, no difference was noted for SPEM Vision at PRE (20/32) and MID (20/32; p = 0.71) and for saccades (PRE = 20/40, MID = 20/40; p = 0.935). Participants had ≤20/20 static visual acuity at both time points. CONCLUSIONS: Oculomotor control and vision do not decline in the presence of RHI from the beginning to the middle of a contact football season in adolescents. Additional data are needed given the strength of the effect size.

Ways of looking: an eye-tracking study of visual literacy expertise

Eye tracking has been utilized for decades to study perceptual processes in a range of fields, and it has proven particularly useful for studying how the viewing behaviours of experts and novices within a field differ from one another. This article reports on a study that uses eye tracking to examine patterns in the ways that visual communication experts and non-experts read journalistic photographs that they might encounter in their daily lives. Expert participants (29) were practitioners with a minimum of 4–5 years of experience in a visual communication field; non-expert participants (29) had no training in visual communication and had 0–1 year of experience. Participants viewed 10 images and answered a series of four questions about each image. Participant eye movements were tracked utilizing a TobiiPro x2-60 eye tracker connected to a 17-inch high-end gaming laptop. The literature suggests that there should be observable differences between the eye movements of experts and non-experts, with expert viewing behaviour being more efficient and effective. However, the differences between experts and non-expert participants in the study were inconsistent and far less extensive than expected. The article discusses possible explanations for these results and suggests directions for future studies.

154 An Observational Study: An Examination of Eye Movements When Assessing a Deteriorating High-Fidelity Patient Simulator

Simulation has been identified as one of the principles to improve patient safety The aim of this study was to explore the gaze patterns of healthcare students when assessing an HPS.A longitudinal study was conducted between 2014 and 2015 at three different time points (3, 6 and 12 months) with a final transfer study (with or without a patient monitor).The study was conducted in a simulated environment with student paramedics and operating department practitioners (N = 6). Participant eye movements were measured whilst participants assessed a simulated patient with and without a monitor.The images represent the gaze behaviour of 1 participant at testing phase 1 (Figure 1) and phase 3 (Figure 2). The gaze pattern changes and the participant demonstrates a more holistic approach when assessing a patient in phase 3 without monitor 3.Phase 1.Phase 3.Encourage the use of an algorithm from the end of the bed to recognize a deteriorating patient and teach simulation with the HPS monitor switched into the off mode. Training through the observation of gaze patterns may help develop the design of simulation alongside augmented or mixed reality technology for the future.

Investigating Visual Recognition of Color and Safe Driving in Color-Weak Drivers

This study examined the visual characteristics of drivers with color weakness to improve their safety while driving. Significantly affected by the traffic environment, drivers with color weakness are not able to recognize traffic lights rapidly and accurately, which endangers traffic safety. In the first part of the research, through a static visual recognition test of color vision using the orthogonal method, the study explored the influence of light intensity, visual recognition distance, and color weakness type on the perception of traffic light colors by participants with color weakness. In the second part, a dynamic visual recognition test of color vision was conducted through simulating the driving environment of urban roads. Eye movement indexes between participants with color weakness and those with normal vision were analyzed by means of different vehicle speeds and time periods. The results indicated that the type of color weakness was the dominant factor affecting visual recognition of traffic lights. The eye movements of participants with deuteranomaly were close to those of people with normal vision, whereas the eye movement index of those with protanomaly and dyserythrochloropsia were significantly different. Distraction, slower responses, and higher color recognition error rates for the traffic lights were major characteristics—all representing risks that increase at night. To reduce the probability of road traffic injury, the driving safety of people with color weakness should be addressed.

Oculo-retinal dynamics can explain the perception of minimal recognizable configurations

Natural vision is a dynamic and continuous process. Under natural conditions, visual object recognition typically involves continuous interactions between ocular motion and visual contrasts, resulting in dynamic retinal activations. In order to identify the dynamic variables that participate in this process and are relevant for image recognition, we used a set of images that are just above and below the human recognition threshold and whose recognition typically requires >2 s of viewing. We recorded eye movements of participants while attempting to recognize these images within trials lasting 3 s. We then assessed the activation dynamics of retinal ganglion cells resulting from ocular dynamics using a computational model. We found that while the saccadic rate was similar between recognized and unrecognized trials, the fixational ocular speed was significantly larger for unrecognized trials. Interestingly, however, retinal activation level was significantly lower during these unrecognized trials. We used retinal activation patterns and oculomotor parameters of each fixation to train a binary classifier, classifying recognized from unrecognized trials. Only retinal activation patterns could predict recognition, reaching 80% correct classifications on the fourth fixation (on average, ∼2.5 s from trial onset). We thus conclude that the information that is relevant for visual perception is embedded in the dynamic interactions between the oculomotor sequence and the image. Hence, our results suggest that ocular dynamics play an important role in recognition and that understanding the dynamics of retinal activation is crucial for understanding natural vision.

The effect of colour on reading performance in children, measured by a sensor hub: From the perspective of gender.

In recent decades reported findings regarding gender differences in reading achievement, cognitive abilities and maturation process in boys and girls are conflicting. As reading is one of the most important processes in the maturation of an individual, the aim of the study was to better understand gender differences between primary school students. The study evaluates differences in Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Electroencephalography (EEG), Electrodermal Activities (EDA) and eye movement of participants during the reading task. Taking into account that colour may affect reading skills, in that it affects the emotional and physiological state of the body, the research attempts to provide a better understanding of gender differences in reading through examining the effect of colour, as applied to reading content. The physiological responses of 50 children (25 boys and 25 girls) to 12 different background and overlay colours of reading content were measured and summarised during the reading process. Our findings show that boys have shorter reading duration scores and a longer Saccade Count, Saccade Duration Total, and Saccade Duration Average when reading on a coloured background, especially purple, which could be caused by their motivation and by the type of reading task. Also, the boys had higher values for the Delta band and the Whole Range of EEG measurements in comparison to the girls when reading on coloured backgrounds, which could reflect the faster maturation of the girls. Regarding EDA measurements we did not find systematic differences between groups either on white or on coloured/overlay background. We found the most significant differences arose in the HRV parameters, namely (SDNN (ms), STD HR (beats/min), RMSSD (ms), NN50 (beats), pNN50 (%), CVRR) when children read the text on coloured/overlay backgrounds, where the girls showed systematically higher values on HRV measurements in comparison to the boys, mostly with yellow, red, and orange overlay colours.

The Eyes Chico, They Never Lie – Using Eye-Tracking to Examine Faking on the Conditional Reasoning Test for Aggression

Abstract. To better understand the process of responding to the Conditional Reasoning Test for Aggression (CRT-A) and its implication for the test's use in personnel selection, we conducted two lab studies in which we compared test scores and eye movements of participants responding honestly and faking the test. Study 1 results showed that, although participants might try to respond differently to the CRT-A while faking, it remains an indirect and unfakeable measure as long as the test's purpose is undisclosed. Study 2 showed that revealing the true purpose of the CRT-A diminishes the test's indirect nature so the test becomes fakeable, solving it requires less attention and participants direct their eyes more to response alternatives congruent with the presentational demands.

Let Me Make You Happy, and I'll Tell You How You Look Around: Using an Approach-Avoidance Task as an Embodied Emotion Prime in a Free-Viewing Task.

The embodied approach of human cognition suggests that concepts are deeply dependent upon and constrained by an agent's physical body's characteristics, such as performed body movements. In this study, we attempted to broaden previous research on emotional priming, investigating the interaction of emotions and visual exploration. We used the joystick-based approach-avoidance task to influence the emotional states of participants, and subsequently, we presented pictures of news web pages on a computer screen and measured participant's eye movements. As a result, the number of fixations on images increased, the total dwell time increased, and the average saccade length from outside of the images toward the images decreased after the bodily congruent priming phase. The combination of these effects suggests increased attention to web pages' image content after the participants performed bodily congruent actions in the priming phase. Thus, congruent bodily interaction with images in the priming phase fosters visual interaction in the subsequent exploration phase.

Online Academic Resources With The Focus Of Eye Behaviors

The aim of this study is to investigate the eye movements of participants during academic searching tasks. Since the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Council of Higher Education Thesis Center are among the popular academic search platforms in Turkey, we focused on the usability of them. During the preliminary analysis, we explored the most problematic tasks, and then analyzed the eye movements. The problematic tasks were detected with respect to the unexpected differences of completion duration; the failure of completion status; unexpected number of clicks; high number of fixations; high fixation duration; unrelated fixation areas; and think aloud data. Tobii Studio 3.4.2 was utilized for both the collection and analysis of eye-tracking data. 21 academicians participated to the study. The results of the analysis indicated that due to interface design, the eye movements of participants tended to focus on unrelated parts of the screen. As a result, certain parameters of eye tracking demonstrated how participants’ eye movements tended to generate intense fixations, increased amount spent for unrelated areas, intense mouse clicks, and increased total amount spent for tasks. In addition to those parameters, users’ satisfaction levels showed a decrease as a result of unexpected experiences.