Extrinsic Means Research Articles

Study of Sasaknese Proverb and Its Significances in Social life: Semiotics Rolland Barth Analysis

Sasak ethnic is people who occupied Lombok Island. Sasak ethnic has uniqueness in expressing their thought and feeling so called sêsênggak. Sêsênggak is the expression sasakness feeling and thought which have intrinsic and extrinsic meaning. The expression used local language as result many Sasaknese especially youth not fully comprehend the real meaning of proverb. Therefore, the current research conducted research based on Rolland Barthe theory in order give insight and knowledge to youth dealing with message behind the proverb. The objective of the research is to reveal the meaning of denotation, connotation and in its significances to the Sasak ethnic of Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara. This research employed qualitative descriptive in which the data taken from book, document and internet. Based on the results of the data analysis, several things can be concluded. First, the connotative meanings in sêsênggak are descriptions of the basic representations of mental capacities that Sasak people used in the past to conceptualise themselves and their world. Second, based on the meanings found, sêsênggak has the function of expressing thoughts that contain general truths that serve to control and judge individual or group attitudes/behaviours. Third, the myth shows that sêsênggak carries messages of morality, education, law, wisdom, economic and social values, and the like. Therefore, sêsênggak cannot be separated from the normative and evaluative description of an attitude or behaviour of the speaking community in a limited context and the general public in a wider context.

On the Roter type of generalised Wintgen ideal Legendrian submanifolds

I. Mihai obtained an inequality relating intrinsic normalised scalar curvature and extrinsic squared mean curvature and normalised normal curvature of Legendrian submanifolds Mn in Sasakian space forms eM2n+1(c). In this paper, for the class of generalised Wintgen ideal Legendrian submanifolds Mn of Sasakian space form eM2n+1(c), we study relationship between some properties concerning their Deszcz symmetry and their Roter type.

Helicoidal surfaces in some conformally flat pseudo-spaces of dimensional three

We introduce the complete pseudo-Riemannian manifold [Formula: see text] with a conformally flat pseudo-metric satisfying Einstein’s equation. First, we get a theorem that associates the curvatures of a non-degenerate surface belonging to conformally equivalent spaces, say [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Next, we evaluate the existence of non-degenerate helicoidal surfaces in some conformally flat pseudo-spaces with pseudo-metrics corresponding to particular conformal factors (for example, a certain rotational symmetry with translational symmetry). We determine these conformal factors according to the causal characters of the axis of rotation. Right after, we get a two-parameter family of non-degenerate helicoidal surfaces with prescribed extrinsic curvature or mean curvature given by smooth functions, corresponding to both spacelike and timelike axes of rotation. As for the lightlike axis, we discuss some particular cases.

Joint message-passing-based accurate bidirectional channel estimation and generalized-approximation-message-passing-based low-complexity perfect equalization with underwater moving transceivers

Moving underwater acoustic communications incur the fast time-varying multipath interference (FTMI), leading to a decrease in decoding performance or even decoding failure. In this study, we address the FTMI issue using the superimposed training (ST) scheme and segment strategy with a joint channel estimation and equalization algorithm. The ST scheme refers to the linear superposition of the training sequence with a small power to the symbol sequence; the segment strategy slices a data block into the segments. Thus, the tracking capability of time-varying channels is significantly improved. To realize their full potential, a “novel” joint message-passing-based accurate bidirectional channel estimation and generalized-approximation-message-passing-based low-complexity perfect equalization (BCE-LPE) algorithm is developed. The Gaussian channel estimates of the segments can be parameterized by their means and variances, thereby enabling fusion of the channel estimates. The correlation of the channel estimates for the segments is established through a channel correlation coefficient, so that the whole data block can be used to estimate the channel of each segment, leading to an accurate channel estimation. Unlike the Gaussian approximate process of the input symbol sequence of the traditional linear equalization, the proposed low-complexity perfect equalization maintains the discrete and independent form of the input symbol sequence, avoiding the equalizer’s input information loss. The a priori, a posteriori, extrinsic means and variances of interleaved encoded bits are computed using the low-complexity diagonal-matrix message passing, leading to the low-complexity perfect equalization, with computational complexity in a logarithmic order per symbol. Moreover, channel estimation, equalization, and decoding are jointly performed in an iterative manner to significantly enhance the overall system performance. Additionally, the parallel processing strategy is used to improve the computation speed, in which all the data blocks are separately and parallelly processed. Field experiments with moving transceivers (the communication distance was about 5.5 km, the bandwidth was 4 kHz, and the transmission rate was 3765 bits/s) were performed in Jiaozhou Bay in 2021, with the experimental results verifying the effectiveness of the BCE-LPE algorithm.

전시회 구성주체 간 가치 인식에 대한 상호지향성 연구

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the understanding of participation value of the exhibition among the constituent entities, and to draw implications from the unique concomitance that an exhibition can construct. For the three major constituent entities of the exhibition, agreement, congruence, accuracy, and meta-agreement, which are the measuring elements of co-orientation model, are analyzed, and the economic value, symbolic value, cognitive value, social relational value, educational value, and inherent value of the exhibition are analyzed. A total of 444 people, including 129 organizers, 142 exhibitors, and 173 visitors, responded effectively to the survey. According to the analysis, the co-orientation among the three entities cannot be said to be very high. The academic significance of this study is mainly to find out the intrinsic and extrinsic meaning of the exhibition and to highlight the importance of communication through the co-orientation model among the entities of the exhibition.

Dissecting the COVID19 Speeches of President Rodrigo Duterte through the lens of Critical Discourse Analysis

In time of pandemic, a message from a country’s leader is critical to calm the shaken nation, address the challenges, and put things in order. There are a number of studies using CDA for political speeches, but few have dealt with recent speeches about COVID19 pandemic. This paper specifically problematizes the covid19 speeches of President Rodrigo Duterte of the Philippines which have not yet been explored. Thus, this study endeavors on investigating the linguistic features, cohesion, and social issues and ideology embedded in the covid19 speeches of President Duterte. This qualitative study utilized the Systemic Functional Linguistics as a method of data analysis. It was found that covid19 speeches of President Duterte generally highlights promoting inclusivity and service to the nation and this was achieved through his dominant use of personal pronouns, present and future tenses, present progressives, use of modal verbs will and through the properties of cohesion found in his speeches. His linguistic choices also revealed two layers of meaning clustered into extrinsic and intrinsic meanings. Although the speeches encourage solidarity and inclusivity, it was also loaded with forewarning against corrupt officials. Meanwhile, social issues found which are distinct from his non-covid19 speeches in terms of contexts are corruption, politicking, red tape, abuse of power, and socio-economic dilemmas.

Sumbangan Pemikiran Etika Global Hans Kung Demi Terwujudnya Perdamaian Dan Relevansinya Bagi Indonesia (Critical Discourse Analysis Terhadap Naskah Etika Global)

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to describe Hans Kung Global Ethics, to describe the contribution of Hans Kung Global Ethics for the realization of peace and the interesting relevance of Hans Kung Global Ethics for peace in Indonesia. The background of the research carried out by the researcher is to find the meaning of an unconditional ethical foundation in Hans Kung's discourse in the Global Ethics Manuscript so that its relevance to peace in Indonesia has recently been struggling in religious conflicts.The research method used by researchers in this study is to use a qualitative approach with Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis method. The method of critical discourse analysis is reading / interpreting the intrinsic and extrinsic meaning sentence by sentence of the Hans Kung Global Ethics manuscript by paying attention to the relationship between parts and sentences and analyzing the context and history.The results of the research analysis of the Global Ethics text are that the author finds the ethical foundation of each religion that is determined by religions as a consensus. Global ethics cannot necessarily be used to solve all problems, but this foundation can be used as a basis for action by religious communities in the midst of the world and especially in the midst of Indonesia. Conflicts that destroy the image of peace in Indonesia must be the reason that it is a necessity of the religious community, and the result is suffering. Religious people who are conflicted because of differences in dogmas realize that this weak point is not something that must be debated and contested, if one another still considers the presence of differences as taboo, then the result will be conflict between religious communities. There can be no survival without a basic ethic, and there can be no peace in Indonesia without peace between religions. And there can be no religious peace without dialogue between religions.

Helicoidal surfaces with prescribed curvatures in a conformally flat 3-space

Abstract In this paper, we study a conformally flat 3-space 𝔽 3 {\mathbb{F}_{3}} which is an Euclidean 3-space with a conformally flat metric with the conformal factor 1 F 2 {\frac{1}{F^{2}}} , where F ⁢ ( x ) = e - x 1 2 - x 2 2 {F(x)=e^{-x_{1}^{2}-x_{2}^{2}}} for x = ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) ∈ ℝ 3 {x=(x_{1},x_{2},x_{3})\in\mathbb{R}^{3}} . In particular, we construct all helicoidal surfaces in 𝔽 3 {\mathbb{F}_{3}} by solving the second-order non-linear ODE with extrinsic curvature and mean curvature functions. As a result, we give classification of minimal helicoidal surfaces as well as examples for helicoidal surfaces with some extrinsic curvature and mean curvature functions in 𝔽 3 {\mathbb{F}_{3}} .

Joint Channel Estimation and Generalized Approximate Messaging Passing-Based Equalization for Underwater Acoustic Communications

Acquiring channel state information and mitigating multi-path interference are challenging for underwater acoustic communications under time-varying channels. We address the issues using a superimposed training (ST) scheme with a least squares (LS) based channel estimation algorithm. The training sequences with a small power are linearly superimposed with the symbol sequences, and the training signals are transmitted over all time, resulting in enhanced tracking capability to deal with time-varying underwater acoustic channels at the cost of only a small power loss. To realize the full potentials of the ST scheme, we develop a LS based channel estimation algorithm with superimposed training, where the Toeplitz matrix is used, which is formed by the training sequences, enabling channel estimation with superimposed training. In particular, a low-complexity channel equalization algorithm based on generalized approximate messaging passing (GAMP) is proposed, where the a priori, a posteriori, extrinsic means and variances of interleaved coded bits are computed, and then convert them into extrinsic log likelihood ratios for BCJR decoding. Its computational complexity is only in a logarithmic order per symbol. Moreover, the channel estimation, GAMP equalization and decoding are performed jointly in an iterative manner, so that the estimated symbol sequences can also be used as virtual training sequences to improve the channel estimation and tracking performance, thereby remarkably enhance the overall system performance. Moving communication experiments in Jiaozhou Bay (communication frequency 12 kHz, bandwidth 6 kHz, sampling frequency 96 kHz, symbol transmission rate 4 ksym/s) were carried out, and the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique.

The Kayans: Ontology of their tattoos and its meanings

In Malaysia, the Kayans are just a minority group and have extensive traditional tattoos among the women folks. Anthropologists credited them as the pioneer of exquisite tattoos. The other tribes in Borneo got inspirations for their own body of art. This expansion of existing study attempts to make sense of the motifs and to address the intrinsic and extrinsic meanings of tattoo motifs and relate to their lives. Interviews among tattooed Kayan women folk provide the first-hand information about the implications of tattoos. The perspective of visual semiotics and semantics analysis ultimately shed light on the distant past. Keywords: Kayan, Tattoo, Meaning, Motifs eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2573

Functional inference on rotational curves under sample‐specific group actions and identification of human gait

AbstractInspired by the problem of gait reproducibility (reidentifying individuals across doctor's visits) we develop two‐sample permutation tests under a sample‐specific group action on Lie groups with a bi‐invariant Riemannian metric. These tests rely on consistent estimators and pairwise curve alignment. To this end, we propose Gaussian perturbation models and for the special case of curves on the group of 3D rotations we provide asymptotic consistency and, employing a quaternion point of view, fast spatial alignment of pointwise extrinsic mean curves. In our application to rotations of the tibia versus the femur at the knee joint under the spatial action of marker placement and the temporal action of different walking speeds, obtained from an experiment, we solve the problem of gait reproducibility.

Properties for the Fréchet mean in Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann treespace

The Billera-Holmes-Vogtmann (BHV) space of weighted trees can be embedded in Euclidean space, but the extrinsic Euclidean mean often lies outside of treespace. Sturm showed that the intrinsic Fréchet mean exists and is unique in treespace. This Fréchet mean can be approximated with an iterative algorithm, but bounds on the convergence of the algorithm are not known, and there is no other known polynomial algorithm for computing the Fréchet mean nor even the edges present in the mean. We give the first necessary and sufficient conditions for an edge to be in the Fréchet mean. The conditions are in the form of inequalities on the weights of the edges. These conditions provide a pre-processing step for finding the treespace orthant containing the Fréchet mean. This work generalizes to orthant spaces.

Extrinsic Regression and Anti-Regression on Projective Shape Manifolds

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the extrinsic mean and extrinsic antimean of a random object (r.o.) X on a compact metric space $\mathcal M,$ lead to considerations of extrinsic regression and antiregression functions on manifolds. One derives asymptotic distributions of kernel based estimators for antiregression functions with a numerical predictor, and use these in deriving confidence tubes for antiregression functions. In particular one considers VW-regression and VW-antiregression, for 3D projective shapes depending on a number of covariates. As an example, using 3D projective shape data extracted from multiple digital cameras images of a species of clamshells, one estimates the age dependent VW-regression and VW-antiregression for their 3D projective shapes, where the proxy for age is the number of seasonal ridges marks on shells, and the response is the 3D projective shape of landmark configurations of seven corresponding points marked on a shell’s surface.

The Semantic Structure of narrative discourse in the novel " The Alley of Mudaq " by Naguib Mahfouz

Understanding the textual structure of the narrative construct in novels is essential in order to explore the aesthetics of fiction writing, which is also a basic factor for reading and criticism in its interpretation and hermeneutic aspects. Accordingly, this study aims to uncover the underlying principles of the narrative structure in the novel ‘The Alleys of Mudaqq’ from the perspective of viewpoint, style, description, rhetoric and language as well as the functions served by the aforementioned discourse modules semantically, formally or pragmatically depending on the semiotic approach. One of the main motives behind this study is the importance of the semantic structure in semiological studies and is considered an important aspect of discourse analysis of narrative text. Even though it goes beyond its role as analyzing the intrinsic and extrinsic meanings of discourse to occasionally serve as description and sometimes as symbolism and at other times in the form of artistic imagery. One of the consequences of semiotics in fiction analysis is that it views fiction as a narrative structure, i. e. , a larger network of relations that underlie the superstructure of a text. Thus, the approach which the semiotic analysis of the narrative discourse suggests is based on linguistic samples that determine the surface and deep structure of the narrative path. Moreover, the narrative system in ‘The Alleys of Mudaqq’ is an objective correlative the framework of which is related to an invitation to the high values and ethics of the humans, i. e. , the value of humans is not measured by the skills or the appearance he/she possesses, rather a human being’s ambitions should be built upon the skills and faculties he/she has and what he/she can actually perform.

A Badge Design Framework for a Gamified Learning Environment: Cases Analysis and Literature Review for Badge Design.

BackgroundIn the past, the educational badge was an extrinsic means of rewarding the motivation to learn. Based on continued research, however, the badge began to be recognized as a scale to measure the learner’s knowledge and skill and an important means of helping learners to gradually build intrinsic motivation by using certain extrinsic motivators. As the badge’s value has grown, the importance of its design has garnered attention.ObjectiveThe objective of this research was to establish a badge design framework that can be used in a gamified learning environment.MethodsData were collected from previous studies on badge design, 943 badge cases were extracted from 11 online and offline gamification in education contents, and their patterns and features were analyzed.ResultsBased on the analysis of results from previous studies and 943 collected badge cases, our study suggests three conditions for badge design. Through the literature review and collected badge cases, our study designed a badge design framework. First, it is necessary to distinguish whether the type of learning activity required for earning badges is physical or conceptual. Second, it is necessary to distinguish whether the scale of an activity required for earning badges requires individual learning or interaction-induced learning. Third, it is important to review whether the time and effort invested in earning badges is simple, repetitive, and short-term or continuous and long-term. Based on these three conditions, collected badge cases were analyzed. To verify self-developed badge types, we conducted a chi-square test on the collected cases and confirmed that there was a significant difference for each of the eight badge types (Pearson chi-square 1117.7, P<.001).ConclusionsThrough its literature review on previous studies, this study demonstrated the badge’s educational effectiveness. The badge design framework suggested in our study is expected to resolve some of the difficulties experienced during the badge design process in a gamified learning environment, encourage efficient badge design, and maximize learning effect.

Intrinsic valley Hall transport in atomically thin MoS2

Electrons hopping in two-dimensional honeycomb lattices possess a valley degree of freedom in addition to charge and spin. In the absence of inversion symmetry, these systems were predicted to exhibit opposite Hall effects for electrons from different valleys. Such valley Hall effects have been achieved only by extrinsic means, such as substrate coupling, dual gating, and light illuminating. Here we report the first observation of intrinsic valley Hall transport without any extrinsic symmetry breaking in the non-centrosymmetric monolayer and trilayer MoS2, evidenced by considerable nonlocal resistance that scales cubically with local resistance. Such a hallmark survives even at room temperature with a valley diffusion length at micron scale. By contrast, no valley Hall signal is observed in the centrosymmetric bilayer MoS2. Our work elucidates the topological origin of valley Hall effects and marks a significant step towards the purely electrical control of valley degree of freedom in topological valleytronics.

Existence results for Dirichlet problems about two mean curvature equations in Euclidean and Minkowski spaces

Let $$H_L$$ and $$H_R$$ be the extrinsic mean curvatures of a spacelike graph in Minkowski space $$\mathbb {L}^{N+1}$$ and Euclidean space $$\mathbb {R}^{N+1}$$ , respectively. In this paper, we establish the existence of multiple positive radial solutions for the Dirichlet problem of two nonlinear partial differential equations involving $$H_L$$ and $$H_R$$ .

Gained in translation: The reception of foreign cinema in Mao’s China

This article studies the exhibition and reception of popular foreign titles in the cinematic memories of those who grew up in the Cultural Revolution: Soviet film Lenin in 1918 (1939), North Korean film The Flower Girl (1972), Albanian film Victory Over Death (1967), and Indian film Awara (1951). I argue that, as films crossed national, even continental borders to meet with mass audiences for whom they were never intended, the radically different exhibition and reception contexts helped generate new meanings “gained in translation.” Those heteroglossic “extrinsic meanings” revise David Bordwell’s referential, explicit, implicit and symptomatic meanings. This article will also delve into affective responses, hidden pleasures, and viewer identifications. Studying foreign cinema’s reception in Mao’s China broadens the field of “Chinese cinema studies” to include “cinema in China” with all of its cosmopolitan connections, revises our assessment of the Cultural Revolution, and invites us to reconsider today’s Chinese media ecology in light of its socialist past.

Interpretasi Komparatif Ta’wīl Sufi Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī dan Ibn ‘Arabī terhadap Ayat-ayat al-Qur’ān

This article presents a study of ta’wīl promulgated by two prominent Sufis, namely Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī and Ibn ‘Arabī. Although both use the ta’wīl method of explaining the Qur’anic verses, they are different in terms of “the school” they embrace to. When al-Ghazali belongs to the Sunni Sufi category, Ibn ‘Arabī is a representation of the Naẓarī Falsafī Sufi. In their ta’wīl both Sufis employ symbols as a medium to understanding. In al-Ghazālī’s perspective, symbols are the most appropriate method to explain the meaning obtained through kashf. As for Ibn ‘Arabī, the symbol is a method of solving and breaking down the ultimate reality associated with the basic concepts of truth, nature, and man. The symbolic language framework can be known only by certain people who have a clean and pure heart. In interpreting the Qur’ān, Ibn ‘Arabī and al-Ghazālī belong to the category of those who use symbolism interpretation approach; interpreting the Qur’anic verses which are incompatible with the extrinsic meaning of the texts but with their abstract symbols.

The Fully Human Anti-CD47 Antibody SRF231 Has Dual-Mechanism Antitumor Activity Against Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Cells and Increases the Activity of Both Rituximab and Venetoclax

The Fully Human Anti-CD47 Antibody SRF231 Has Dual-Mechanism Antitumor Activity Against Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Cells and Increases the Activity of Both Rituximab and Venetoclax