Extreme Humidity Research Articles

Enhancing Dimensional Stability and Environmental Durability in Delrin-Molded Parts Through Advanced Annealing Techniques

This paper presents the implementation and optimization of an advanced annealing process designed to enhance the dimensional stability, moisture resistance, and crystallinity of Delrin-molded parts for demanding outdoor applications. Delrin, a widely used acetal resin, poses unique challenges in plastic injection molding due to its natural tendency to shrink post-molding and absorb moisture, which can compromise part performance in variable environmental conditions. By introducing a high-capacity annealing oven with precise temperature and humidity control, we achieved substantial improvements in part stability and durability. This process was developed through close collaboration with customer engineering teams and our in-house experts, ensuring the final product meets strict tolerance and environmental durability requirements. Results indicate that the annealing process effectively reduces dimensional variation, decreases moisture content by 75%, and increases crystallinity by 20%, making the parts robust enough to withstand extremes of heat, cold, and humidity. This study underscores the value of high-tech annealing solutions in the plastic injection molding industry, offering a blueprint for similar applications in advanced manufacturing. Keywords: Delrin Annealing, Crystallinity Enhancement, Dimensional Stability, Moisture Resistance, Environmental Durability, Plastic Injection Molding, Advanced Manufacturing Techniques, High-Capacity Annealing Oven, Quality Engineering, Process Optimization

Beat the heat: wearable-based study of perceived heat stress and physiological strain in swiss track workers in a controlled climate chamber

Increasing temperatures pose new challenges for track workers (TWs), who endure prolonged exposure to extreme heat and humidity. New methods are critically needed to assess their performance and heat tolerance, aiming to mitigate workplace accidents and long-term health consequences. This study aimed to investigate the physiological effects of heat exposure on TWs, using wearable sensors to monitor key physiological parameters under controlled environmental conditions. Nineteen TWs participated in the study, which included two experimental sessions simulating different thermal environments: a typical Swiss summer night and a hot summer day. Participants' core body temperature, heart rate (HR), and skin temperature were monitored using wearable sensors, and physiological indexes were computed. In addition, perceptual strain index (PeSI) and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) response times were recorded. Statistically significant increases in physiological parameters were observed under hotter conditions. The study identified statistically significant correlations between the PeSI and the physiological strain index and between PeSI and HR. Perceptual scores were consistently higher than the values derived from physiological measurements, suggesting a greater subjective experience of heat strain. The PVT response times were higher on the hotter day, reflecting increased cognitive strain due to heat exposure. The study highlights the critical impact of heat stress on TWs, with statistically significant increases in physiological and cognitive strain under higher temperatures. Future research should focus on real-world applications of heat strain monitoring.

Decadal Trend in Humidex: Cooling and Heat Perception in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

Rising global temperatures have resulted in more frequent and intense weather phenomena like heatwaves, storms, and floods, with heatwaves posing notable risks to environment, agricultural and human health. Many studies use localized thresholds to assess heat indexes, taking into account the unique climate patterns of different regions. The Humidex, which measures thermal discomfort, provides a deeper understanding of how temperature and humidity combine to impact human comfort and environmental stress. Weather data from Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria, provided by the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), were analyzed for key climate variables to calculate the Humidex. The Mann-Kendall test determined statistical relevance, while Sen's slope measured trend magnitude. Originally developed by Canadian meteorologists, the Humidex assesses how humidity impacts human comfort. The analysis of temperature, relative humidity, and Humidex trends from 2014 to 2023 shows a clear pattern of heat stress during the dry season (February-April) with some relief during the rainy season (June-August). The Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope revealed a notable downward trend in temperatures, especially in January, March, June, and November, with decreases ranging from -0.08°C to -0.27°C annually. This cooling trend is mirrored by decreasing Humidex values, particularly in January, March and June, indicating reduced heat stress. High humidity levels during the rainy season are mitigated by the cooling effects of rainfall, leading to lower overall heat perception (Humidex). This relationship between temperature and humidity underscores their combined role in influencing heat stress and comfort levels. The annual variations emphasize the importance of monitoring and managing climate risks in regions prone to extreme heat and humidity. Overall, the decline in both temperature and Humidex suggests a shift toward cooler conditions, which could alleviate extreme heat but also prompt concerns about the broader impacts of these changes on regional climate and agriculture.

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES TO HUMAN PHYSIOLOGICAL DISCOMFORT AMONG ELDERLY PEOPLE IN KATSINA URBAN, KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

Information on adaptation strategies to human physiological discomfort is very important for individuals, groups of people, planners, and policymakers in the world's tropical regions where thermal stress poses a significant threat to life, especially among elderly people. Based on this, the aim of the study, therefore, is to assess adaptation strategies to human physiological discomfort among elderly people due to temperature and humidity extremes in residential areas and workplaces during the hot and cold seasons in Katsina. A total of 100 copies of a questionnaire were administered to the elderly people to obtain information on their adaptation strategies. A stratified random sampling method was used to select the respondents in the study area. Descriptive statistics were then used to describe their perception of adaptation strategies to human physiological discomfort. Results obtained revealed that in the hot season, the majority of the respondents at residence areas and working places perceived outdoor and indoor with fans "respectively" as their best-adapting strategies to human physiological discomfort due to temperature and humidity extremes. However, in the cold season, the study revealed that the majority of the respondents in residence areas and workplaces perceived thick dress as their best-adapting strategy for human physiological discomfort due to temperature and humidity extremes. Adapting strategies to human physiological discomfort depends primarily not only on environmental conditions but relaxing in natural environments and using customized clothing materials. People are encouraged to continue planting trees in and around their homes, working workplaces and to adequately prepare to adapt to extreme hot and cold seasons.

Predictive Maintenance of Induction Motor in the Cutting Section of Paper Industry

Induction Motors are vital to the paper industry because they power a variety of equipment needed for pulp processing, drying and cutting among other tasks. Ensuring the consistent manufacture of these motors and satisfying market demands depends heavily on their dependability. However, the extreme humidity, dust and fluctuating loads that occur in the paper sector present serious obstacles to the efficiency and durability of induction motors. To maintain continuous production and satisfy consumer demand, the paper industry significantly depends on the effective operation of a variety of machinery including induction motors in the cutting area. Unexpected malfunctions in these vital parts however might result in expensive downtime and lost output. By using data-driven strategies that anticipate and avoid breakdowns before they happen, predictive maintenance techniques provide a proactive way to reduce such risks. This report provides an extensive analysis of the application of predictive maintenance techniques designed especially for induction motors in the paper industry’s cutting division. The predictive maintenance techniques includes Random Forest Tree, Linear Regression and Support Vector Machines algorithm with these algorithm the Induction Motor’s variations in temperature, vibration, sound, and speed parameters were collected and trained for predicting the failure. Among these algorithms Support Vector Machines shows greater advantage in predicting the failure with the accuracy of 84% whereas Random Forest Tree with 75% and Linear regression with 72%. As well as the real time data’s were collected and stored in the database. The performance of the Induction Motor were efficiently improved and monitored under normal and fault condition by Machine Learning techniques.

Dynamics of extreme climatic variables for viticulture in the main zones of ampelocenosis of the Krasnodar region

Modern climate changes affect all branches of agriculture. Everywhere there is an increase in air temperature, changes in precipitation, an increase in extreme weather events. Since the productive lifespan of a grape plant is 30-40 years, it is necessary to assess climatic changes in order to create a variety adapted to changes. The purpose of the research is to assess changes in extreme heat supply and relative humidity in the main viticultural areas of the Krasnodar region. The average values of extreme heat supply and relative humidity variables of two climatological periods of 1961–1990 and 1991–2020, their changes over time and the course of variable’s anomalies of 1991–2020 compared with the average values of 1961–1990 are calculated. An increase in the absolute maximum air temperature by 0.2–1.6 °C for the period 1991–2020 was noted compared to the previous period, with the exception of Novorossiysk (decrease by 1.4 °C); an increase in the average absolute maximum air temperature by 1.5–2.5 °C, an increase in the number of days with a maximum air temperature above +35 °C by 1.0–2.3 days; a decrease in the average relative humidity of April–October by 0.7–2.7 % and an increase in the number of days with a minimum relative humidity of less than 30 % over the summer by 0.8–5.4 days. The variability of these variables over time for the period 1991–2020 is consistent with the change in the average. An increase in the absolute maximum was established (by 0.65–0.9 °C/10 years), the number of days with a maximum air temperature above +35 °C (by 0.8–1.1 days/10 years), the number of days with a minimum relative humidity of less than 30% over the summer (by 1.2–7.2 days/10 years); decrease in the average relative humidity of April–October (by 0.5–6.5 %/10 years). These changes indicate an increase in climate extremes and the frequency of unfavorable conditions for grapes in the summer, which requires an adjustment of the assortment.

Synthesis-in-place of V2O5 nanobelts for wide range humidity detection

Resistive type humidity sensors offer advantages in simplicity, low cost, compact size, and remote operation. Due to the benefits, they have great potential for use in a variety of environments and future applications, including the Internet of Everything (IoE). However, resistive humidity sensors have limitations in detecting extreme humidity levels below 10 % or above 90 % relative humidity (RH) and are also vulnerable to high temperatures, which hinders their use in harsh environments applications. For broader applications, humidity sensors with reliable performance across the full range of humidity levels and high stability at elevated temperatures need to be developed. Here, we report high performance resistive humidity sensors based on V2O5 nanobelts operating at high temperatures. The V2O5 nanobelts are directly deposited between Pt electrodes by O2-assisted physical vapor transport (PVT) method. The V2O5 nanobelt humidity sensor exhibits reliable humidity sensing properties over a wide range from 1 % to 100 % RH. Furthermore, long-term stability and reproducibility of V2O5 nanobelts are demonstrated through 25 consecutive humid air pulses and measurements obtained after 4 months of storage. The high performance of the V2O5 nanobelt humidity sensor is advantageous for practical use in applications ranging from IoE environments to harsh industrial conditions.

The impact of air temperature and humidity on Children’s blood pressure mediated by Lipids: A prospective cohort study

ObjectivesFew studies illustrate the mechanism between air temperature and blood pressure (BP) in childhood. This study aims to investigate the associations between air temperature, humidity exposure, and BP trajectories in children and adolescents, and explore the potential mediating roles of lipid profiles in these relationships. MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 5,971 children with 10,800 person-times measurements at baseline from the Chongqing Health Cohort, with evaluations conducted in 2014–2015 (baseline) and follow-ups in 2016 (urban areas) and 2019 (urban and rural areas). Multilevel mixed-effects models were used to analyse the impacts of air temperature and humidity on BP levels and the incidence of elevated BP, while accounting for potential confounders. Mediation analyses were performed to evaluate the mediating effects of lipid profiles, including low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and specific lipid species. ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, higher air temperature quartiles were associated with both decreased BP levels and elevated BP risk (RR: 0.83; 95 % CIs: 0.78, 0.89; P = 0.028). Conversely, higher humidity quartiles exhibited a U-shaped relationship with BP levels. Greater variability in air temperature was linked to increase BP levels. The cumulative effects of air temperature exposure on BP were significant from pregnancy to age 10, with females exhibiting larger effects (β:-3.291, 95 % CIs: −4.242,-2.340, P < 0.001). LDL and TC partially mediated the associations between air temperature and BP levels, particularly in males. Specific lipid species, including SM (d21:1), LPC (17:0), and PC (O-36:3), also exhibited significant mediating effects. ConclusionsThis study provides novel insights into the intricate interplay between air temperature, humidity, lipid metabolism, and blood pressure regulation in children. Lower average temperatures and extreme humidity levels were associated with increased risks of elevated BP, potentially mediated by lipid profiles. Early interventions targeting air temperature exposure and lipid metabolism could mitigate hypertension risk, promoting improved cardiovascular outcomes in children.

The Spatiotemporal Evolution of Extreme Climate Indices in the Songnen Plain and Its Impact on Maize Yield

Global climate change is intensifying and extreme weather events are occurring frequently, with far-reaching impacts on agricultural production. The Songnen Plain, as an important maize production region in China, faces challenges posed by climate change. This study aims to explore the effects of climate extremes on maize yield and provide a scientific basis for the adaptation of agriculture to climate change in this region. The study focuses on the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of climate extremes during the maize reproductive period from 1988 to 2020 in the Songnen Plain and their impacts on maize yield. Daily temperature and precipitation data from 11 meteorological stations were selected and combined with maize yield information to assess the spatial and temporal trends of extreme climate indices using statistical methods such as the moving average and Mann–Kendall (M-K) mutation test. Pearson correlation analysis and a random forest algorithm were also used to quantify the degree of influence of extreme climate on maize yield. The results showed that (1) the extreme heat and humidity indices (TN90p, TX90p, CWD, R95p, R10, and SDII) tended to increase, while the cold indices (TN10p, TX10p) and the drought indices (CDD) showed a decreasing trend, suggesting that the climate of the Songnen Plain region tends to be warmer and more humid. (2) The cold indices in the extreme temperature indices showed a spatial pattern of being higher in the north and lower in the south and lower in the west and higher in the east, while the warm indices were the opposite, and the extreme precipitation indices showed a spatial pattern of being higher in the east and lower in the west. (3). Both maize yield and trend yield showed a significant upward trend. Maize meteorological yield showed a fluctuating downward trend within the range of −1.64~0.79 t/hm2. During the 33 years, there were three climatic abundance years, two climatic failure years, and the rest of the years were normal years. (4) The cold index TN10p and warm indices TN90p and CWD were significantly correlated with maize yield, in which TN90p had the highest degree of positive correlation with yield, and in the comprehensive analysis, the importance of extreme climatic events on maize yield was in the order of TN90p, TN10p, and CWD. This study demonstrates the impact of extreme climate indices on maize yield in the Songnen Plain, providing a scientific basis for local agricultural management and decision-making, helping to formulate response strategies to mitigate the negative effects of extreme climate, ensure food security, and promote sustainable agricultural development.

Preserving Cultural Heritage: Enhancing Limestone Durability with Nano-TiO2 Coating

External and internal microclimatic conditions, biodeterioration, anthropogenic factors, etc, influence the natural stone support for artifacts and built heritage. Based on this fact, the present study explores the effectiveness of nano-TiO2 in preserving and enhancing the durability of natural stone used in the façades of heritage buildings, focusing on the Markovits-Mathéser House in Oradea Municipality, Romania. The investigation involved treating rock samples (fossiliferous limestone) with 2% and 5% nano-TiO2 solutions and subjecting them to simulated extreme climatic conditions for the analyzed area in a controlled climatic chamber for six months. The treated samples demonstrated a significantly higher compressive strength than untreated benchmarks. SEM analyses confirmed that nano-TiO2 formed a protective layer, filling micro-cracks and pores, thereby enhancing the stone’s resistance to environmental stressors. The study also found that the nanoparticle coating maintained its integrity under extreme temperature and humidity variations, with only a slight decrease in surface coverage. These findings suggest that nano-TiO2 coatings significantly improve heritage building materials’ mechanical properties and longevity. However, the study highlights the importance of careful application and long-term evaluation to ensure environmental and health safety. Overall, nano-TiO2 presents a promising solution for the conservation of cultural heritage, offering enhanced durability and protection against climatic and environmental challenges. Further research is recommended to optimize application workflow and formulations for broader and more effective use in heritage conservation.

Conservation Issues Related to Numismatics Collections– A Brief Study

This article looks at the numismatics collection housed in museums and attempts to define various concerns that factor in their deterioration. Numismatics collections provide one of the most fascinating contexts of studying history and are a valued source in gaining insights into the bygone eras. While metal objects are considered relatively stable however, they are prone to corrosion and deterioration when exposed to extreme humidity levels, acidic vapours, pollutants and chemically unstable materials. This article discusses various factors that should be considered while deciding on the display and storage materials where these objects are eventually going to be housed in a museum. The preventive care that these objects require can help in arresting their dissolution and preserve them for the next generation

Comparison of the effects of different ageing tests on flexural properties of flax fibre composites

This study investigates the changes in the flexural properties and microstructure of flax fibre thermoset composites induced by accelerated and natural ageing methods. The reductions in flexural strength and modulus of composites, ranging from 14 %–48 % and 6 %–57 %, respectively or even an increase in flexural properties after the cyclic ageing test, show the diverse effects of the tests on the flax composites. Only small differences in the composites' performance were found between the natural ageing under the shade and natural ageing exposed to sunlight. The long-term moisture cycling did not cause progressive damage; instead, the composite's flexural properties increased, likely due to an improvement in both the fibre's and matrix's mechanical properties. The water immersion test seems to be predictive of the long-term durability of uncoated flax composites in natural conditions. Microstructure analysis supports composites' flexural test results, with flax/epoxy showing superior properties compared to flax/polyester. The results suggest that uncoated flax composites can withstand extreme humidity changes, but perhaps not in applications wherein composites come in contact with liquid water for long periods, likely due to the effects of leaching. The varied impacts of the different ageing tests on flax fibre composites underscore the need to thoroughly select testing protocols that simulate service conditions relevant to the composites' intended application.

Investigating the impact of extreme weather events and related indicators on cardiometabolic multimorbidity

BackgroundThe impact of weather on human health has been proven, but the impact of extreme weather events on cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) needs to be urgently explored.ObjectivesInvestigating the impact of extreme temperature, relative humidity (RH), and laboratory testing parameters at admission on adverse events in CMM hospitalizations.DesignsTime-stratified case-crossover design.MethodsA distributional lag nonlinear model with a time-stratified case-crossover design was used to explore the nonlinear lagged association between environmental factors and CMM. Subsequently, unbalanced data were processed by 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM) and conditional logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between laboratory indicators and unplanned readmissions for CMM. Finally, the previously identified environmental factors and relevant laboratory indicators were incorporated into different machine learning models to predict the risk of unplanned readmission for CMM.ResultsThere are nonlinear associations and hysteresis effects between temperature, RH and hospital admissions for a variety of CMM. In addition, the risk of admission is higher under low temperature and high RH conditions with the addition of particulate matter (PM, PM2.5 and PM10) and O3_8h. The risk is greater for females and adults aged 65 and older. Compared with first quartile (Q1), the fourth quartile (Q4) had a higher association between serum calcium (HR = 1.3632, 95% CI: 1.0732 ~ 1.7334), serum creatinine (HR = 1.7987, 95% CI: 1.3528 ~ 2.3958), fasting plasma glucose (HR = 1.2579, 95% CI: 1.0839 ~ 1.4770), aspartate aminotransferase/ alanine aminotransferase ratio (HR = 2.3131, 95% CI: 1.9844 ~ 2.6418), alanine aminotransferase (HR = 1.7687, 95% CI: 1.2388 ~ 2.2986), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (HR = 1.4951, 95% CI: 1.2551 ~ 1.7351) were independently and positively associated with unplanned readmission for CMM. However, serum total bilirubin and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) showed negative correlations. After incorporating environmental factors and their lagged terms, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) demonstrated a more prominent predictive performance for unplanned readmission of CMM patients, with an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.767 (95% CI:0.7486 ~ 0.7854).ConclusionsExtreme cold or wet weather is linked to worsened adverse health effects in female patients with CMM and in individuals aged 65 years and older. Moreover, meteorologic factors and environmental pollutants may elevate the likelihood of unplanned readmissions for CMM.

LASER SURFACE TEXTURING TO IMPROVE THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF Ti ALLOYS

Friction and wear requirements in the aerospace/space industry or in biomedical applications are governed by life-limiting challenges: the wide range of contact stresses and sliding speeds in movable parts and operating conditions such as extreme temperature changes, humidity and abrasive wear caused by electrostatically attracted dust. Surface modification by laser texturing has been introduced to adjust the surface characteristics of the base material to overcome its tribological limitations of use via different surface topographies, allowing for the ability of lubricant retention. Laser surface texturing is therefore effective in enhancing the tribological performance of materials via controllable surface topographies acting as traps for wear debris and lubricant reservoirs, leading to reduced abrasion. This paper reviews the tribological behaviour of a laser-textured Ti6Al4V alloy with different textures: lines, crosshatch and dimples. The fiction and wear characteristics for dry sliding are discussed and compared.

Impact of temperature and relative humidity variability on children’s allergic diseases and critical time window identification

BackgroundThe effects of temperature and relative humidity on different types of children’s allergic diseases have not been comprehensively evaluated so far. This study aims to assess the impact of temperature and relative humidity variability on children’s allergic diseases and to identify the critical time window.MethodsWe collected outpatient data on allergen testing in children between July 2020 and January 2022 from the Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. We defined the 1st, 10th, 90th, and 99th percentiles as extreme cold, moderate cold, moderate hot, and extreme hot for temperature, and as low, moderate high, and extreme high for relative humidity, respectively. A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) combined with a binomial regression model was used to assess the possible nonlinear relationship at different periods. Subgroup analysis by gender and age was conducted.ResultsWe found that extreme and moderate cold temperatures were positively associated with skin allergies and total allergies (28 days: OR = 4.69, 95% CI: 2.88, 7.63; OR = 3.36, 95% CI: 2.39, 4.73) and (28 days: OR = 3.76, CI: 2.43, 5.81; OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 2.00, 3.68), respectively. Moderate and extreme hot temperatures were negatively associated with food allergies (28 days: OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.41 and OR = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.27). Low relative humidity was negatively associated with respiratory allergies, skin allergies, and total allergic diseases (28 days: OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.71; OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.15, 0.55; and OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.68). Meanwhile, extreme high relative humidity was negatively associated with respiratory allergies, and positively associated with skin allergies, food allergies, and total allergies (28 days: OR = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.37; OR = 3.60, 95% CI: 2.52, 5.14; OR = 15.61, 95% CI: 3.23, 75.56; and OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.73, 3.15). A stronger relationship between temperature, relative humidity, and allergic diseases was observed in children under 5 years, specifically girls.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence that temperature and relative humidity variability may be associated with allergic diseases, however, the directionality of the relationship differs by allergic type.

Current-carrying tribological behavior of C/Cu contact pairs in extreme temperature and humidity environments for railway catenary systems

Current-carrying tribological behavior of C/Cu contact pairs in extreme temperature and humidity environments for railway catenary systems

Advancing Electricity Consumption Forecasts in Arid Climates through Machine Learning and Statistical Approaches

This study investigated the impact of meteorological factors on electricity consumption in arid regions, characterized by extreme temperatures and high humidity. Statistical approaches such as multiple linear regression (MLR) and multiplicative time series (MTS), alongside the advanced machine learning method Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were utilized to analyze historical consumption data. The models developed were rigorously evaluated using established measures such as the Coefficient of Determination (R2), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The performance of the models was highly accurate, with regression-type models consistently achieving an R2 greater than 0.9. Additionally, other metrics such as RMSE and MAPE demonstrated exceptionally low values relative to the overall data scale, reinforcing the models’ precision and reliability. The analysis not only highlights the significant meteorological drivers of electricity consumption but also assesses the models’ effectiveness in managing seasonal and irregular variations. These findings offer crucial insights for improving energy management and promoting sustainability in similar climatic regions.

Development of a Sensitive Colorimetric Indicator for Detecting Beef Spoilage in Smart Packaging.

This study aimed to fabricate and characterize a novel colorimetric indicator designed to detect ammonia (NH3) and monitor meat freshness. The sensing platform was constructed using electrospun nanofibers made from polylactic acid (PLA), which were then impregnated with anthocyanins as a natural pH-sensitive dye, extracted from red cabbage. This research involved investigating the relationship between the various concentrations of anthocyanins and the colorimetric platform's efficiency when exposed to ammonia vapor. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results were used to examine the morphology and structure of the nanofiber mats before and after the dip-coating process. The study also delved into the selectivity of the indicator when exposed to various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their stability under extreme humidity levels. Furthermore, the platform's sensitivity was evaluated as it encountered ammonia (NH3) in concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ppm, with varying dye concentrations. The developed indicator demonstrated an exceptional detection limit of 1 ppm of MH3 within just 30 min, making it highly sensitive to subtle changes in gas concentration. The indicator proved effective in assessing meat freshness by detecting spoilage levels in beef over time. It reliably identified spoilage after 10 h and 7 days, corresponding to bacterial growth thresholds (107 CFU/mL), both at room temperature and in refrigerated environments, respectively. With its simple visual detection mechanism, the platform offered a straightforward and user-friendly solution for consumers and industry professionals alike to monitor packaged beef freshness, enhancing food safety and quality assurance.

Sistem Penyimpanan Kemuseuman

The storage system is essential forining, preserving,ining and managing the museum's collection. The aim of this research is to develop and evaluate effective, secure, and accessible storage systems for a wide range of museum collections. The research also focuses on analyzing the storage systems of humanity and covers theories and concepts related to the management and organization of valuable collections in museums. In this research we use methods of study of descriptive literature. We collect and analyze data from a variety of literary sources, including books, journals, and study reports related to this research topic. This research shows that the storage system of humanity consists of several important parts, such as planning, organization, management, and supervision. We also found many principles and approaches used in museums to ensure that valuable collections are of high quality and secure. This research forms the basis for the development of a more efficient, efficient and high-quality human storage system, as it answers a number of unanswered questions about the system's development. The result is that this study provides a general overview of the storage system of art and shows that many aspects that need to be optimized in the management of collections are valuable in the museum. And it shows that the use of a digital storage system not only improves operational efficiency but also reduces the risk of damage to the collection. It also allows museum managers to access the collection data faster and more accurately. In addition, it is proven that the use of proper storage materials protects the physical condition of the collection from environmental damage such as extreme humidity and temperatures.

Effect of the porous structure on the hygrothermal vibration analysis of functional graded nanoplates using nonlocal high-order continuum plate model

This study delves into the thermomechanical vibration behavior of functionally graded porous nanoplates under extreme thermal temperature and humidity conditions. The equation of motion of the nanoplate was derived using advanced theories in elasticity and deformation. The nanoplate consists of metal (SUS304) on the bottom surface and ceramic (Ni3S4) on the top surface, with the material distribution changing according to the power law across the plate thickness. The nanoplate was modeled with uniform and symmetric distributions of porosity reaching as high as 60%. Upon incorporating the thermal and moisture loads from the humid surroundings into the equations of motion derived from Hamilton's principle, the equations were solved using Navier's method and simplified to the eigenvalue equation. Analyzed within a broad framework are the thermomechanical vibration behavior of the nanoplate, temperature impact, humidity influence, porosity and its distribution, material grading parameter effects, and nonlocal integral elasticity effects. Observations indicate that variations in thermal temperature, humidity, and nonlocal parameters can lower the thermomechanical vibration frequency of the nanoplate, whereas porosity has the opposite effect. The effects mentioned are influenced by factors, such as the porosity ratio, porosity distribution, material ratios, and the size of the nonlocal parameter in the plate. The primary objective of this work is to uncover the nonlinear frequency response of nanoplates with high porosity in conditions characterized by high temperature and humidity.