Normal visual processing includes signal stream from the retina via the lateral geniculate nucleus to the striate cortex Extra striate visual cortex performs the processings involving color and motion perception Thus the striate occipital lesions cause deficits affected the visual field while as extrastriate lesions cause deficits related to the perception of color and motion Extra striate cortical regions include ventral occipitotemporal and dorsal occipitoparietal streams Ventral stream lesions may produce defects such as agnosia prosopagnosia alexia and achromatopsia while dorsal stream lesions can cause akinetopsia and Balint syndrome Ophthalmologists have often difficulties in understanding the higher cortical visual deficits and so they usually ignore them The main purpose of this review article is to summarize the higher cortical and visual dysfunctions and to facilitate the understanding of these