Extraordinary Scientist Research Articles

Analysis of faster matrix multiplication

Since the definition of matrices in 1855, matrix multiplication has played a crucial role in a wide range of fields. Over the years, numerous researchers have dedicated their efforts to improving the time complexity of this fundamental operation. This paper aims to delve into the historical development of matrix multiplication algorithms and methodologies employed to achieve these significant advancements in time complexity. By employing various approaches, researchers have been able to improve the time complexity of matrix multiplication, leading to a significant reduction from O () to O (). Across nearly two centuries, this progress is contributed by a lot of extraordinary scientists and researchers. This paper explores the practical implications of these improvements across various domains, such as computer science, physics, economics, and more. The development of more efficient matrix multiplication algorithms has enabled researchers and practitioners to tackle complex problems and explore new frontiers. In the future, with the rapid growth of machine learning techniques, matrix multiplication will continue to evolve and improve.

Juan Modolell (1937-2023).

Juan Modolell (1937-2023).

Do extraordinary science and technology scientists balance their publishing and patenting activities?

This study investigated whether 12 scientists who had received the National Medal of Science and the National Medal of Technology and Innovation balanced publishing and patenting activities. The results demonstrated that although the scientist were recognized for their contributions to science and technology, the majority of recipients were not prolific researchers, and some were not influential. Notably, one scientist had not been granted a single patent. This indicated that scientific and technological contributions may not necessarily correspond with influential scientific publications and patents. Moreover, only two scientists had filed for patents before publishing, and they also invested more time developing technological inventions. Most recipients were science- or technology-oriented scientists. Few scientists balanced their publishing and patenting activities, and demonstrated excellent research and technology performance.

Martin Seah: An extraordinary scientist and metrologist

Martin Seah: An extraordinary scientist and metrologist

William "Bill" Joseph Whelan, D.Sc., FRS November 14, 1924 to June 5, 2021.

William "Bill" Joseph Whelan, D.Sc., FRS November 14, 1924 to June 5, 2021.

Leslie G. Ungerleider (1946–2020): the multiple careers of a single extraordinary scientist

Leslie Gail Ungerleider, a distinguished experimental psychologist and neuroscientist, previously Chief of the Laboratory of Brain and Cognition at the National Institute of Mental Health, died suddenly on 11 December 2020. Friends, family, colleagues, and trainees all the world over mourn her passing, but also celebrate her life and extraordinary achievements.

Camillo Golgi (1843-1926): scientist extraordinaire and pioneer figure of modern neurology

Camillo Golgi was an extraordinary scientist whose contributions in the domain of neuroanatomy proved to be critical for emergence of neuroscience as a sovereign scientific discipline. Golgi’s invention of the Black Reaction (La reazione nera) was a watershed event as it allowed remarkable visualization of the organizational pattern of elements of nervous system among complex puzzle of close knit interconnections. Till this time thin filamentary extensions of neural cells (axon and dendrites) could not be visualized with available staining techniques because of their slender and transparent nature. However invention of Black Reaction and its subsequent application demystified the basic architecture of brain tissue which was now visible to the scholars in all its complexity in microscopic studies. Golgi is also credited with the discovery of two types of sensory receptors in muscle tendons: Golgi tendon organ and Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles. Golgi was the first to be successful in staining myelin component of axon, which he used to discover the myelin annular apparatus. He identified the complete life cycle of Plasmodium (malarial parasite) in human erythrocytes. His research on histological details of human kidney highlighted the existence of juxtaglomerular apparatus. Later on Spanish scientist Santiago Ramón y Cajal, based on the use of Golgi’s Staining (Black Reaction) documented the morphologic details of nervous system in a more refined manner, which eventually led to the emergence of Neuron Doctrine. In recognition of their exemplary contributions in neuroscience Golgi and Cajal were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1906.

Joe L. Martinez Jr. (1944–2020)

Neuroscientist and advocate of inclusion

Dedicated to a peptide chemist of few words and immense impact: Louis A. Carpino

Dedicated to a peptide chemist of few words and immense impact: Louis A. Carpino

Women in radio science: Elizabeth Alexander: An extraordinary scientist

So far, I have introduced active female researchers in this column. I have met most of them as colleagues at conferences or through collaboration. It thus has been quite easy to recruit them, but I do not always succeed. I have also lately been contacted by people who had read the column and recommended other interesting scientists in our field. Radio science has been very male dominated from the beginning, and there have not been many active women in the early 1900s who are still remembered, but there exist several very interesting lives' work.

2019 – Time for a New Beginning

With the new year 2019, two major changes will come for ZAAC. First of all, I would like to introduce to you dear readers a new, fourth editor for the journal. Professor Guodong Qian will join the circle of Editors and, with his expertise, will mainly be in charge of communications from the increasingly growing research fields of coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Professor Qian is Qiushi Distinguished Professor at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. He received his bachelor's (1988) and master's (1992) and PhD (1997) degrees in Materials Science from Zhejiang University and joined the Materials Department of Zhejiang University thereafter. Professor Qian was a Visiting Scholar and Visiting Professor at Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, China, and at Kyoto University, Japan. He was promoted to full professor and Distinguished Scholar in 2002 and 2011, respectively. Professor Qian is the coordinator of many national projects and the author of more than 130 scientific papers. He also holds 15 patents. In 2001, he was awarded the National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China, Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation for Young Teachers and Trans-Century Training Programme Foundation for the Talents by Ministry of Education, respectively. In 2004, he was awarded the Kurata Award by The Ceramic Society of Japan. He was the winner of National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars in 2006. His current research interests include hybrid organic-inorganic photonic materials (solid tunable laser media, luminescence materials and nonlinear optical materials); cathode or anode materials of lithium-ion batteries; photonic glasses; optical spectroscopy; metal-organic frameworks for the sensing, storage and separation, which make him a perfect addition to the ZAAC Board of Editors. The second news comes with a rather sad eye for me. After having served the ZAAC for more than 10 years, I will take on a new challenge from 2019 onwards. Therefore, I want to take this opportunity to say goodbye and would like to thank you all for the friendly discussions and the always good cooperation. Special thanks are due to the Editors, Thomas Fässler, Thomas Klapötke and Christian Limberg and from now on also Guodong Qian, who have been looking after the well-being of the journal with great dedication for many years. Through their tireless efforts, ZAAC has managed to become an internationally recognized source of information for solid research results from all areas of inorganic chemistry over the last decade. Special highlights were and are special issues dedicated to extraordinary scientists on the occasion of their “round” birthdays as well as topical issues around current topics from the field of inorganic chemistry. As my successor as contact person for ZAAC, I'd like to introduce you Dr. Eva-Stina Müller. Eva-Stina holds a PhD in Inorganic Chemistry from KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm where she worked in the reseach group of Lars Kloo (2007). Thereafter, she joined Wiley-VCH as a Commissioning Editor in the books department. She was responsible for new books from the fields of Physical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry and some of you might know her already, either from co-working on a book or by having met her at conferences. Please join me in welcoming Eva-Stina and Guodong and wishing both success in their new, dedicated positions! All the best, Sabrina

AMBROISE PARÉ - FOUNDER OF MODERN SURGERY AND PIONEER OF MILITARY MEDICINE

Ambroise Paré is considered to be one of the fathers of surgery and a pioneer in surgical techniques. He was one of the first surgeons to encourage primary amputation for the treatment for gunshot wounds, he designed "bec du corbin", the predecessor to modern hemostats, he designed limb protheses and some ocular protheses and he also aimed for the progress of obstetrics. Besides from being an extraordinary scientist, Ambroise Paré had a compassionate character and he spent his whole life helping others. The motto that characterized his scientic personality and his life was "I treated him, but God healed him".

In Memoriam: Alberto Zanchetti (Parma July 27, 1926 - Milan March 24, 2018).

In Memoriam: Alberto Zanchetti (Parma July 27, 1926 - Milan March 24, 2018).

(Invited) Honoring and Remembering Robert H. Hauge - Carbon Nanotube Research Contributions

Robert Hugh Hauge was an extraordinary scientist and an amazing personality, whose contributions will be highlighted in this opening presentation of the session in his honor. This Wisconsin country boy was educated at Loras College and the University of California at Berkeley, graduating with a Ph.D. under renowned high-temperature chemist Leo Brewer. His 1966 dissertation on Spectroscopy of CaO was a brief but definitive 46 pages. Bob was attracted to join Rice University by former UC Berkeley postdoc John Margrave, who allowed him to continue his interest in high-temperature chemistry but also expanded his expertise into fluorine chemistry. He ultimately joined Nobelist Rick Smalley's team, where he added creativity and excellence to the rapidly expanding field of carbon nanotechnology. Bob Hauge became known not only as an excellent and highly productive chemist, but also as a mentor for many students, with whom he loved to engage in debate and technical arguments to advance mutual learning and understanding of new phenomena. He was the 13th highest cited author in chemistry in the world in the first decade of the 2000s and completed his 50th year at Rice University in 2015, entirely supported by "soft" money.He loved his science and all of us "students," attending group meetings until a week before his death on March 17, 2016. Figure 1

In memoriam: Richard G. Harrison - his life and legacy.

Richard G. Harrison passed away unexpectedly on April 12th, 2016. In this memoriam we pay tribute to the life and legacy of an extraordinary scientist, mentor, friend, husband, and father.

The Young Dom Purpura as an Inspirational Mentor: Personal Reminiscences

I am very pleased to join in celebrating Dominick Purpura’s brilliant leadership of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine during the past 22 years. Most of you who know Dom have benefited from his mature vision and scientific judgment, and his extraordinarily experienced administrative skill. I knew him at a much earlier phase of his career, 50 years ago, almost to the day. At that time, he was young, only 28 years old, less experienced and less mature. But even at that early point, it was clear to me and everyone around him that Dom was an extraordinary scientist and a wonderful human being.

Santiago Ramón y Cajal, neurocientífico y pintor

life of this extraordinary scientist and painter has been studied by multiple generations, fascinated by the way he harmoniously mixes his passions. Santiago Felipe Ramon y Cajal, better known as Santiago Ramon y (the Don as a title of the importance of the age and the Y as a way to give renown to their surnames) or referred by many simply as Cajal - by the sound of the surname). He was born in the province of Catalonia, first child of the union of Justo Ramon Casasus and Antonia Cajal. His father, a physician, saw in him a successor of the profession, which is why at very young age, he demanded of him the best academic performance and reproached him for his fascination with art. His childhood was marked by many events that would lead him to be charmed with nature and want to translate this into his drawings. influence of his father was successful because he became a physician. Eager to know other places and with the thirst of an adventurer, he travelled to Cuba, but it was not the experience he had imagined. On his return he found many opportunities that forged his career as a scientist and gave him strength as a person. He married at the age of 27 years with Silveria Fananas, who became the mother of his six children, and was the engine of his life. With his insatiable curiosity, his painter´s spirit and with some help, he described in detail the nerve cells and portrayed in his drawings the magnificent structure and relationships thereof, successfully comparing them with nature, referring to The Garden of Neurology. He was always a romantic landscape painter, intrigued as much by the macro (with his drawings of nature and anatomy) as the micro (histology); the latter was his greatest passion. All his work bore many fruits, which still amaze us today. Through his hard work and his refusal to placate his inner painter, he managed to mix his passions to their maximum potential, leaving behind a priceless legacy.

In Memoriam: Professor Laurentiu M. Popescu (1944–2015)

© 2015 Manole and Cretoiu. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Laurentiu M. Popescu, a world renowned expert in the field of molecular medicine, Professor of Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest (Romania) and General Director of the National Institute of Pathology of Romania, passed away on August 3, 2015, at the age of 71. Born on April 15, 1944, in Campulung, Romania, he devoted 48 years to research and teaching activities starting soon after graduation (as valedictorian) of ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Backed by a constant progression in his academic career he became the Rector, between 1992 and 2004, of the ‘Carol Davila’ University (the oldest, largest and most prestigious in Romania), considered an example of progress and innovation in the 150 years of history of the University. Professor Laurentiu Popescu was a very special and extraordinary scientist who gave a unique point of view to the international scientific community of medical and cellular sciences. He was awarded for his scientific achievements multiple prestigious prizes and was selected as member of many international scientific organizations. He was also the President of the Medical Science Section of the Romanian Academy of Sciences, President of the Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, President of the Federation of the European Academies of Medicine, President of the International Society for Adaptive Medicine, and more. In 2000 he founded the Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. As Editor-in-Chief, he grew this journal very rapidly, transforming it, from a non-indexed journal into a world-class scientific journal (2014 Impact Factor 4.014). While his academic career was pivoted around ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, a great part of the scientific achievements were centered on ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology. Known as a visionary, he had a strong ability to inspire the people who worked with him. We will remember him for a myriad of virtues as wisdom, confidence, empathy and honesty, as well as outstanding motivation and communication skills. For us he has been a wonderful mentor, being extremely creative, and a really hard working person, endowed with great organizational skills. He was also a scientific advisor for numerous PhD and postdoctoral students sharing his outstanding experience and knowledge with all his disciples. Besides his impressive scientific knowledge he was also widely cultured, recognizing in one of his interviews “The idea to call the newly discovered cells telocytes came to me during a break at the Vienna State Opera”. Professor Laurentiu M. Popescu’s vast scientific activity could be approximatively split in two main periods. The major scientific results of the first period were crystallized around the ideas of caveolae involvement in calcium regulation in smooth muscle, or around the relation between cGMP and vasodilation. The most fruitful Open Access

Manuel Cardona 7 September 1934–2 July 2014

Manuel Cardona 7 September 1934–2 July 2014

Current problems in magnetic resonance and its applications: Anatole Abragam, Evgenii Zavoiskii, Kazan

In 2014 the world physics community has noted two landmark dates: the seventieth anniversary of the discovery of electron paramagnetic resonance by Evgenii Konstantinovich Zavoiskii (Kazan, 1944) and the centenary of the birth of one of the most brilliant researchers in the area of magnetic microwave spectroscopy, Anatole Izrailevich Abragam. The work of these extraordinary scientists was undoubtedly of Nobel caliber and their influence on the development of the science of magnetic resonances, one of the outstanding discoveries of twentieth century physics, is difficult to overestimate.