Piper Nigrum Extract Research Articles

Black pepper extract reduces tumour incidence via suppressing tumour-promoted cytokines/chemokines and modulating T cell subtype

ABSTRACT Our study aimed to evaluate tumour retardation effects of low-piperine fractional Piper nigrum extract (PFPE or LP-PE) related to enhancement of immune response. Results showed that PFPE at doses of 50 (low), 100 (intermediated) and 150 (high) mg/kg BW had a tumour incidence of 20, 20 and 0%, respectively. PFPE at low dose inhibited cytokines/chemokines in the early stages of cancer however it could not suppress longer than 3 months. Intermediated dose of PFPE inhibited cancer cytokines/chemokines including sICAM-1, CX3CL1, CXCL7, VEGF, TIMP-1, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL9 and IL-1β. Interestingly, PFPE stimulated IFN- γ at 3 months after treatment in all doses. Intermediated and high doses of PFPE increased Th1 and reduced Th2. Moreover, only a high dose of PFPE reduced Treg. Additionally, PFPE reduced ER-α and NF-κB and increased IL-6R and STAT3 proteins in tumour tissues. Our findings indicate that PFPE suppressed breast cancer via immune modulation.

A Preliminary Antidepressant Assessment of a Novel Piperoyl Amide (Y3) Isolated and Elucidated from Piper nigrum Drupes Extract, Justifying Interaction Over MAO-A enzyme: An in vivo, in vitro and Molecular Docking Approach

This research aims to confirm the preliminary antidepressant activity of a newly discovered piperoyl amide (Y3) obtained from the extract of Piper nigrum (P. nigrum) drupes, through the inhibition of MAO-A enzyme. Column chromatography was employed for isolation and purification of Novel piperoyl-alkyl amide (Y3) which was eluted in a solvent mixture of Chloroform-Methanol (97:3). Structure elucidation was performed by implying spectroscopic techniques. Invitro in-comparison MAO activity assessment was performed between Y3 and piperine further confirmed by Molecular docking via Auto Dock Tools 1.5.6, Vina, and PyMOL. Invivo antidepressant activity was evaluated by the Despair Test in albino mice. Novel piperoyl-alkyl amide (Y3) was isolated and purified by column chromatography and elucidated spectroscopically. The antidepressant activity of Y3 at 10 and 20 mg/kg doses shown a significant decrease in immobility-time (IT) in contrast to stressed-control group at 107.0±7.6 sec (P<0.05) and 96.0±7.6 sec (P<0.01), respectively. Y3 shown a decent MAO-A inhibitory activity but lower than piperine showing IC50=20.24 µM, Vmax=1.375±0.3 nM/min/mg, Km=1.379×10-16 µM with a stronger interaction and better affinity (-12.6 kcal/mol) towards the active-site of MAO-A. Y3 was isolated and elucidated as (12E,14E)-15-(benzo[d] [1,3] dioxol-5-yl)-N-ethylpentadeca-12,14-dienamide. It proved a good antidepressant at 10 and 20 mg/kg doses. Molecular docking over MAO-A and QSAR studies depicted a better affinity score of Y3 than Piperine. Keywords: Piperoyl amide, Structure elucidation, antidepressant activity, molecular modeling, Piperine

Toxicity of botanical insecticides on the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula

This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of botanical insecticides on the stingless bee Tetragonisca angustula (Apidae: Meliponini). Bioassays evaluated the effects of essential oils (EO) of Allium sativum (Amaryllidaceae), Eucalyptus citriodora (Myrtaceae), and commercial oil (CO) of Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae), in addition to ethanolic extracts (EE) of Piper nigrum (Piperaceae), and Eugenia caryophyllata (Myrtaceae). It was also assessed the effect of Surfactant addition to essential oils. The probit analysis was used to determine LC50 and LC90. Results showed essential oil of E. citriodora at 1% v/v was toxic to T. angustula, with mean mortalities of 42.00 and 46.00% at 96 hours and survival times of 107.52 and 105.60 hours for contact and ingestion, respectively. Ethanolic extracts of P. nigrum and E. caryophyllata caused 100% mortality within 24 hours through ingestion but were less toxic through contact. Surfactants increased mortality caused by the essential oil of E. citriodora from 47.67 to 93.33% and the commercial oil of A. indica from 38.00 to 100%. Essential oil of E. citriodora had the lowest LC50 and LC90 (0.075 and 1.45% v/v), indicating high toxicity to T. angustula. Ethanolic extracts of P. nigrum and E. caryophyllata had higher LC50 and LC90 values, showing lower toxicity. In conclusion, the oils of A. indica and E. citriodora and ethanolic extracts of P. nigrum and E. caryophyllata are toxic to stingless bee T. angustula.

Evaluation of the phytochemicals and antimicrobial properties of Tetrapleura Tetraptera and Piper Nigrum

The search for new substances with antibacterial activities has become an urgent necessity due to the resistance of many bacteria of medical importance to antibiotics. In an attempt to seek out new antibacterial agents from plants, E. coli, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp susceptibility to the seed extracts of Tetrapleura tetraptera and Piper nigrum were assessed. A Qualitative phytochemical screening was also done to establish the various phytochemicals found in the plants. To achieve these findings, the dried seeds of Tetrapleura tetraptera and Piper nigrum were collected in the Bamenda food market and ground. Further, the powder obtained was subjected to aqueous and alcoholic extractions separately in which the alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Tetrapleura teraptera and Piper nigrum seeds were evaluated for their antibacterial potential against E. coli, S. aureus, and Salmonella spp using agar diffusion. The obtained results indicated that S. aureus and E. coli were susceptible to the alcoholic and aqueous extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera (with a MIC of 50mg/ml; 100mg/ml) respectively, for S.aureus and (25mg/ml; 50mg/ml) for E.coli. For S. aureus, susceptibility to aqueous extract of Piper nigrum shows sensitivity (with MIC of 100mg/ml). Complete resistance was registered with the alcoholic extracts of Piper nigrum. Furthermore, the phytochemical screening results indicated the presence of resins, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids (present in all powder), and saponins (absent only in Piper nigrum). In conclusion, the alcoholic and aqueous extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera seeds has antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. It was proposed that further studies should be carried out on the susceptibility of Tetrapleura tetraptera to other bacteria.

DIETARY EFFECTS OF TULSI LEAVES AND BLACK PEPPER EXTRACT ON BROILER GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of the dietary effect of different levels of Tulsi leaves (Ocimum sanctum) and Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) Extract (TBE) on growth performance and carcass traits of commercial broiler. The study was conducted at the Poultry farm of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during the period from 11 April to 08 May, 2019. A total of 96 day old broiler chicks (Lohman Meat) were randomly and equally distributed to 4 groups having 3 replicates of 8 birds each. The birds were grouped as T0, T1, T2 and T3 group with normal water (control group), 1% TBE 1ml /L of drinking water, 2% TBE 2 ml/L of drinking water and 3% TBE 3ml /L of drinking water, respectively. Body weight gains, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), mortality (%) and meat yield traits were recorded. The collected data were analyzed by using ANOVA with SPSS version 22. Feed intake (g/bird) was almost similar (P>0.05) among the dietary treatment groups. Body weight gain (g) and FCR were significantly (P<0.05) differed among the dietary treatment groups. The highest body weight gain (g) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in T2 (1659.35g±2.19), followed by T1 (1631.05g±2.52), T3 (1590.67g±2.73) and T0 (1472.01g±4.58), respectively. The lowest FCR was found in T2 (1.41±0.00) and the highest FCR in T0 (1.52±0.01), the intermediate in T1 (1.45±0.01) and T3 (1.46±0.01), respectively. It was found that there was significant (P<0.05) difference among the dietary treatment groups in case of live weight (g), carcass weight (g),dressing percentage (%), breast weight (g), liver weight(g), but there was almost similar (P>0.05) among the dietary treatment groups in case of heart weight (g), spleen weight (g), gizzard weight (g), thigh weight (%), head weight (g), intestine weight (g) and shank weight (g). The carcass meat weight, Carcass yield (%), breast weight and breast meat weight (%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in treatment T2 group compared to control group T0. Liver weight was significantly (P<0.05) higher in control group T0 compared to treatment group T2. No mortality was found among the dietary treatment groups during experimental period. Based on the result it could be concluded that 2% Tulsi leaves and Black Pepper Extract (TBE) 2 ml/L of drinking water may be used in broiler diet as growth promoter and it may also serve as an antioxidant.

To Evaluate and Compare the Analgesic Activity of Piperine and Extracts of Piper Nigrum L. Fruit

Narcotics (e.g., opioids) or non-narcotics (e.g., salicylates and corticosteroids) are used in the management of pain and inflammation, both of which have side effects, thereby emphasizing the search for natural substances. Piperine found naturally in plants of the Piperaceae family has shown inhibitory activity against 5-lipoxygenase and cycloxygenase-1 in in vitro studies. The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the analgesic activity of pure compound, piperine along with hexane and ethanol extracts of Piper nigrum L. fruit in mice. The analgesic activity was determined by hot plate, tail immersion method and acetic acid induced writhing test in mice. The piperine showed great pain-relieving impact at a portion of 5 and 10 mg/kg when contrasted with control and standard. Greatest pain-relieving impact was noted at a portion of 10 mg/kg after 120 min. The hexane and ethanol remove demonstrated helpless pain-relieving impact at all dosages (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) by hot plate method. However, with tail immersion method, piperine at a dose of 5mg/kg and ethanol extract at a dose of 20mg/kg after 120 min and hexane extract at a dose of 10mg/kg after 60min exhibited significant analgesic activity. In writhing test ethanol extract significantly stopped the number of writhes at dose of 20mg/kg while piperine at dose of 20mg/kg completely terminated the writhes in mice. It is concluded from the present study that Piper nigrum L. possesses potent analgesic activity in mice. Keywords: Piper nigrum, Piperaceae, Piperine, Hot plate, Tail immersion method, Acetic acid induced writhing test

Green Synthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles from Waste Solar Panels Using Piper nigrum Fruit Extract and Their Antibacterial Activity

To promote environmental development and sustain resource circularity, recycling metals from electronic waste is essential. Electronic waste is a significant secondary source of metals, with its production increasing rapidly and most remaining unrecycled. In solar panels, copper is the second-most-valuable metal after silver. We propose an innovative method to recycle copper from waste solar panels and convert it into copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using a green synthesis method. Synthesizing CuONPs is advantageous due to their large surface area compared to bulk material. Nitric acid, a strong oxidizing agent, was used to leach copper from solid copper wires in waste solar panels. A green synthesis method, following a bottom-up approach, was employed using Piper nigrum fruit extract to synthesize CuONPs. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various qualitative and quantitative techniques. Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the formation of CuONPs, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical with sizes up to 60 nm. Biomolecules from the Piper nigrum extract were detected on the surface of the crystalline CuONPs. These nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus using a well-diffusion method, showing a larger zone of inhibition for E. coli compared to S. aureus. This research demonstrates the complete recovery of copper from waste solar panels and its conversion into useful CuONPs, which have potential medicinal applications.

Formulation and bioavailability studies on orodispersible tablets containing standardized extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Curcuma longa and Piper nigrum

BackgroundGlycyrrhizin, Curcumin and Piperine indicated good antiasthamatic properties owing to their ability to inhibit airways constriction and anti-inflammatory properties. Orodispersible tablets have advantage of faster drug release and has patient compliance in asthmatic patients. Hypothesis / PurposeTo develop an orodispersible polyherbal tablets using the standardized extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Curcuma longa and Piper nigrum with respect to glycyrrhizin, curcumin and piperine respectively and evaluate bioavailability of the markers from the formulation. MethodsAlcoholic extracts of G. glabra, C. longa, and P. nigrum were standardized using HPTLC for glycyrrhizin, curcumin, and piperine content, respectively. The orodispersible tablet formulation was created and standardized for curcumin (50 mg), glycyrrhizin (75 mg), and piperine (2.5 mg) per tablet, using the HPTLC method. The absolute Bioavailability studies were conducted for glycyrrhetinic acid and curcumin in rats by administering pure marker compounds intravenously (2 mg/kg b.w) and orally (10 mg/kg b.w.), followed by determining relative bioavailability through oral administration of the orodispersible tablet formulations. ResultsOrodispersible tablets could be successfully developed using the standardized extracts. The HPTLC bioanalytical method was developed and validated as per M 10 guideline and results were in accordance to specifications. The bioavailability studies in rats indicated absolute bioavailability of Glycyrrhetinic acid and Curcumin to be 20.35 and 2.57% respectively and relative bioavailabilities of orodispersible formulation F1 were found to be 75 and 38.67%. ConclusionA standardized orodispersible formulation can be a better option for asthma patients. The low absolute bioavailability of curcumin was significantly (P<0.05) increased in both the formulations F1 and F2. This may be attributed to the extracts containing saponin glycosides like Glycyrrhizin aiding into greater dissolution of curcumin. Formulation with piperine (F1) showed significant increase in bioavailability is due to inhibition of human P-glycoprotein, cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and increase secretion of bile acids.

Protective and Ameliorative Effects of Hydroethanolic Extract of Piper nigrum (L.) Stem against Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Dyslipidemia in Wistar Rats.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has revolutionized the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS by overall improving their quality of life and increasing life expectancy. However, ART-associated hepatotoxicity and metabolic disorders in HIV/AIDS patients are growing concerns to clinicians, especially due to the long-term use of the drugs. This study reported on the phytochemical and pharmacological profile of hydroethanolic extracts of Piper nigrum stem (PNS) and evaluated its protective effect against tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz (TLE)-induced hepatotoxicity and dyslipidemia in Wistar rats. Cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory assays were performed on PNS. Thirty-six rats divided into 6 groups of 6 animals/group were administered: distilled water, 17 mg/kg TLE, 17 mg/kg TLE and 100 mg/kg silymarin, 17 mg/kg TLE, and Piper extract (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, or 800 mg/kg) orally for 28 days. The body weight of animals was recorded every 7 days. On Day 29, the rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical tests. Portions of the liver and kidneys were collected for histological evaluation, while liver homogenates were prepared from the rest to measure antioxidant enzymes. PNS possessed in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the body weight of rats treated with PNS was observed. A significant high platelet count (p < 0.05) was observed in the PNS800 mg/kg group. A considerable decrease in alkaline phosphatase and triglycerides was observed in the silymarin and PNS group compared to the TLE-only group. The findings also show a significant increase in catalase and glutathione in the TLE-only group compared to the normal group, while SOD decreased. Histological observations revealed normal hepatic and renal tissues in the silymarin, and PNS-treated groups compared to the normal control, while leucocyte infiltration was observed in the TLE-only group. These results suggest that PNS extract possessed antioxidant activity that alleviated TLE-induced toxicity. Further studies are necessary to understand the pharmacokinetic interactions between ART and PNS.

Phytochemical profiling and evaluation of antimicrobial activities of common culinary spices: Syzygium aromaticum (clove) and Piper nigrum (black pepper).

The increasing resistance of microbial pathogens to conventional antibiotics necessitates the exploration of alternative antimicrobial agents. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial potential and phytochemical properties of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) and Piper nigrum (black pepper) extracts, both of which are known for their historical use in traditional medicine and culinary applications. Hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of clove and black pepper were prepared. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts was assessed using the disk diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the broth dilution method. Qualitative phytochemical screening identified the presence of key bioactive compounds, while quantitative analysis measured total phenolic and flavonoid contents. LC-HRMS/MS analysis of ethanolic extracts was performed. Both spices extracts exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 14 to 18 mm. clove showed superior antimicrobial efficacy compared to black paper, particularly against fungi. MIC values ranged between 3 mg/mL and 6 mg/mL for both spices. Phytochemical analysis revealed higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents in clove, with hydroalcoholic extracts showing greater concentrations than aqueous extracts. HPLC quantified higher eugenol content in clove extracts and higher piperine content in black pepper extracts. The differences in bioactive compound content were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The study confirms that both spices possess significant antimicrobial properties, attributable to their rich phytochemical composition, particularly phenolics and flavonoids. Clove exhibited slightly superior antimicrobial activity compared to black paper. These findings support the potential use of these spices as complementary antimicrobial agents. Further research should investigate their synergistic effects with conventional antibiotics and explore their applications in food preservation and alternative medicine.

Catechin as Natural Product Antifouling Agent against Biofilm Forming Bacteria from Visakhapatnam Coast, Andhra Pradesh, India

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of Catechin as natural product antifoulants (NPAs) by inhibiting bacterial growth. 10 different medicinal plants namely Pongamia pinnata, Mucuna pruriens, Garcinia cambogia, Acacia catechu, Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Coffea arabica, Griffonia simplicifolia, Bacopa monnieri and Piper nigrum extracts were evaluated for potential natural product antifouling agent. Of which Acacia catechu and Curcuma longa showed best results, a significant zone of inhibition of bacteria was achieved by aqueous catechin. The secondary metabolite catechin is obtained by performing TLC, further purified by HPLC. Acacia catechu has antibacterial activity even up to 50mg L-1. The proposed partial structure of Catechin a secondary metabolite (flavanoid) is obtained by the results of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Mass Spectra and IR Spectra.

Piper nigrum Extract Inhibits the Growth of Human Colorectal Cancer HT-29 Cells by Inducing p53-Mediated Apoptosis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy of the digestive tract with the second highest mortality rate globally. Piper nigrum is a widely used traditional medicinal plant, exhibiting antitumor activity against various tumor cells. At present, research on the effect of Piper nigrum on CRC is limited to in vitro cytotoxicity, lacking comprehensive mechanism investigations. This study aimed to explore the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Piper nigrum extract (PNE) on HT-29 cells. Firstly, we identified the chemical components of PNE. Then, MTT assay, colony formation assay, JC-1 staining, and flow cytometry were used to analyze the effect of PNE on HT-29 cells in vitro. A xenograft model, histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry, and western blot were used to evaluate the tumor growth inhibitory activity and mechanism of PNE in vivo. The results indicated that PNE could inhibit cell proliferation and colony formation, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, induce cell apoptosis in vitro, and inhibit tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, PNE could regulate p53 and its downstream proteins, and subsequently activate the caspase-3 pathway. In summary, PNE probably induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells through the mitochondrial pathway mediated by p53. All these results suggested that PNE might be a potential natural-origin anti-CRC drug candidate.

Green synthesis of Piper nigrum copper-based nanoparticles: in silico study and ADMET analysis to assess their antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic effects.

Nanobiotechnology is a popular branch of science that is gaining interest among scientists and researchers as it allows for the green manufacturing of nanoparticles by employing plants as reducing agents. This method is safe, cheap, reproducible, and eco-friendly. In this study, the therapeutic property of Piper nigrum fruit was mixed with the antibacterial activity of metallic copper to produce copper nanoparticles. The synthesis of copper nanoparticles was indicated by a color change from brown to blue. Physical characterization of Piper nigrum copper nanoparticles (PN-CuNPs) was performed using UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, XRD, and Zeta analyzer. PN-CuNPs exhibited potential antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. PN-CuNPs have shown concentration-dependent, enhanced free radical scavenging activity, reaching maximum values of 92%, 90%, and 86% with DPPH, H2O2, and PMA tests, respectively. The antibacterial zone of inhibition of PN-CuNPs was the highest against Staphylococcus aureus (23mm) and the lowest against Escherichia coli (10mm). PN-CuNPs showed 80% in vitro cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, more than 50 components of Piper nigrum extract were selected and subjected to in silico molecular docking using the C-Docker protocol in the binding pockets of glutathione reductase, E. coli DNA gyrase topoisomerase II, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine to discover their druggability. Pipercyclobutanamide A (26), pipernigramide F (32), and pipernigramide G (33) scored the highest Gibbs free energy at 50.489, 51.9306, and 58.615kcal/mol, respectively. The ADMET/TOPKAT analysis confirmed the favorable pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity profiles of the three promising compounds. The present in silico analysis helps us to understand the possible mechanisms behind the antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities of CuNPs and recommends them as implicit inhibitors of selected proteins.

KURUTMA SICAKLIĞININ KURKUMİN VE PİPERİN ÇÖZÜNMESİNE VE KATI DİSPERSİYON BAZLI MİKROPARTİKÜLLERİN SALINIM KİNETİĞİNE ETKİLERİ: BİR ÖN ÇALIŞMA

Objective: One of the major challenges in developing curcumin as a pharmaceutical agent is its low bioavailability after oral administration. Co-administration of curcumin-piperine combined with employing solid dispersions (SD) approach has been shown to enhance curcumin dissolution and bioavailability. Understanding the influence of the processing temperature during spray drying is crucial in SDs preparations; the purpose of this study is to inquire the effect of inlet temperature spray-dryer on dissolution behavior and the best-fit kinetic model of dissolution itself. Material and Method: The SD powder was prepared using a spray-drying method by varying the inlet temperature (105°C; 115°C; 125°C) and involved polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a carrier. The SD were prepared at 30% Curcuma longa and 10% Piper nigrum extracts. Yield (%) of the dried powder resulted from the spray drying process was monitored, and dissolution behavior of curcumin and piperine were analyzed using a dissolution efficiency (DE) value. Furthermore, mathematical model describing the release mechanism of curcumin and piperine from the dissolution were evaluated using a DDSolver software. Result and Discussion: The variation of drying temperature on the spray dryer affects the dissolution behavior and the % yield of the PVA-based SD containing C. longa and P. nigrum extract. The most ideal mathematical model of kinetic release for curcumin and piperine were the Quadratic model, indicating that the mechanism of dissolution is diffusion through a gap between the PVA particle and the surrounding medium.

The Gastro-Protective Effect of Ulmus Rubra, Piper Nigrum, and Brassica Oleracea in Ethanol-Induced Model of Gastric Ulcer

Background: Gastric ulcer is a state that results from an imbalance between the erosive effect of acid and pepsin and the mucosal defense mechanism of the stomach; it is correlated with the lesions induced by ethanol. Methods: Forty-eight healthy albino rats weighing (150-200gm) were involved in the present study. The animals withholding food for 24hrs were allocated to six groups. Each group was given orally one of the following agents: distilled water for the control group, esomeprazole, aqueous extract of Ulmus rubra or Piper nigrum, or Brassica oleracea, then after one hour ethanol was given to all groups except group 1, which act as the control. Animals were sacrificed one hour later; the main parameters used in the present study were ulcer numbers and areas, preventive index, and changes in the trace elements (Zn and Cu) and serum electrolytes (Na+ and K+). Results: Ethanol was found to be highly ulcerogenic at high concentrations. The preventive index of these agents was 90%, 47.7%, and 91.8% for Ulmus rubra, Piper nigrum, and Brassica oleracea, respectively, in comparison with esomeprazole 94.7%. These agents also produced significant changes in trace elements levels of Zn and Cu but with no significant changes in electrolytes Na+ and K+. Conclusion: Both Ulmus rubra and Brassica oleracea extracts proved to have a potent gastroprotective effect against the ethanol-induced model of gastric ulcer and the possibility to be used in the management of peptic ulcer after assessment by clinical trials.

Piper nigrum extract suppresses tumor growth and enhances the antitumor immune response in murine models of breast cancer and melanoma

Although the antitumor effect of P. nigrum has been widely studied, research related to its possible immunomodulatory effects is relatively scarce. Here, the antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of an ethanolic extract of P. nigrum were evaluated in the murine models of 4T1 breast cancer and B16-F10 melanoma. In vitro evaluations showed that the P. nigrum extract has cytotoxic activity, induces apoptotic cell death, and has a pro-oxidant effect in both cell lines, but it regulates glucose uptake differently in both lines, decreasing it in 4T1 but not in B16-F10. P. nigrum extract significantly reduced tumor size in both models and decreased the occurrence of macrometastases in 4T1 model. Evaluation of immune subpopulations by flow cytometry revealed that the P. nigrum extract significantly increases the frequency of dendritic cells and activated CD8+ T cells and decreases the frequency of myeloid-derived suppressor like cells and Tregs in the tumor microenvironment of both models but with different dynamics. Our findings strongly suggest that the P. nigrum extract exerts immunomodulatory functions, slightly related to the modulation of cellular energy metabolism, which could ultimately contribute to the promising antitumor effect of P. nigrum.

Piper nigrum Extract: Dietary Supplement for Reducing Mammary Tumor Incidence and Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity.

A low piperine fractional Piper nigrum extract (PFPE) was prepared by mixing cold-pressed coconut oil and honey in distilled water, namely, PFPE-CH. In this study, PFPE-CH was orally administered as a dietary supplement to decrease the risk of tumor formation and reduce the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs during breast cancer treatment. The toxicity study demonstrated no mortality or adverse effects after administrating PFPE-CH at 5000 mg/kg during a 14-day observation period. Additionally, PFPE-CH at 86 mg/kg BW/day did not cause any harm to the kidney or liver function of the rats for six months. In a cancer prevention study, treatment with PFPE-CH at 100 mg/kg BW for 101 days induced oxidative stress and increased the immune response by altering the levels of cancer-associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-g), leading to a reduction in the tumor incidence of up to 71.4% without any adverse effects. In combination with doxorubicin, PFPE-CH did not disrupt the anticancer effects of the drug in rats with mammary tumors. Surprisingly, PFPE-CH reduced chemotherapy-induced toxicity by improving some hematological and biochemical parameters. Therefore, our results suggest that PFPE-CH is safe and effective in reducing breast tumor incidence and toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs during cancer treatment in mammary tumor rats.

Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) Alleviates Oxidative Stress, Exerts Potential Anti-Glycation and Anti-AChE Activity: A Multitargeting Neuroprotective Agent against Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a family of disorders that cause progressive structural and functional degeneration of neurons. Among all the organs in the body, the brain is the one that is the most affected by the production and accumulation of ROS. Various studies have shown that an increase in oxidative stress is a common pathophysiology for almost all NDs, which further affects various other pathways. The available drugs lack the wide spectrum necessary to confront these complexities altogether. Hence, a safe therapeutic approach to target multiple pathways is highly desirable. In the present study, the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts of Piper nigrum (black pepper), an important spice, were evaluated for their neuroprotective potential in hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). The extracts were also subjected to GC/MS to identify the important bioactives present. The extracts exhibited neuroprotection by significantly decreasing the oxidative stress and restoring the mitochondrial membrane potential in the cells. Additionally, the extracts displayed potent anti-glycation and significant anti-Aβ fibrilization activities. The extracts were competitive inhibitors of AChE. The multitarget neuroprotective mechanism displayed by Piper nigrum indicates it as a potential candidate in the treatment of NDs.

Larvicidal activity of the black pepper, Piper nigrum (Fam: Piperaceae) extracts on the cattle tick, Rhipicephalus australis (Acari: Ixodidae)

BackgroundThe cattle farming parasite Rhipicephalus australis is the main tick and one of the most important in the world from an economic point of view. Various studies have been developed in order to find plant extracts with effective acaricidal properties and environmentally friendly. Studies involving plant extracts for parasite control on commercial animal herds is a developing area in New Caledonia. Bioactive natural products play an important role as lead compounds in the development of new pesticides.ResultsThe ethanolic extract of Piper nigrum L. dried fruits as well as the ethyl acetate extract and the methanolic extract of stems exhibited 100% larvicidal activity (50 mg/mL) against Rh. australis larvae, the cattle tick, an hematophagous parasite. Bioguided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of dried mature fruits using the same assay led to the isolation of five compounds belonging to piperamide family. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods: ESI-HRMS, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral data, including DEPT and 2D-NMR experiments (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY). These include 1 compound described for the first time in P. nigrum, homopellitorine (2) and 4 known compounds, namely pellitorine (1), pipyaqubine (3), 2-methylpropylamide (4), and N-isobutyl-2,4-eicosadienamide (5).ConclusionThis first report on the larvicidal activity of P. nigrum extract and pure compounds on this tick species suggests that P. nigrum could be a natural biosourced alternative for the control of the larval stage of Rh. australis.Graphical

The Drying Temperature Impact on Curcumin - Piperine Dissolution and Its Kinetic Release: Application of A Spray Dryer on the Preparation of Solid Dispersion-based Microparticle Containing Curcuma longa and Piper Nigrum Extracts

The Drying Temperature Impact on Curcumin - Piperine Dissolution and Its Kinetic Release: Application of A Spray Dryer on the Preparation of Solid Dispersion-based Microparticle Containing Curcuma longa and Piper Nigrum Extracts