Extraction Yield Of Polysaccharides Research Articles

Steam Explosion-Assisted Extraction of Ergosterol and Polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes (Golden Needle Mushroom) Root Waste.

In this work, steam explosion (SE) was applied to prompt the rapid extraction of ergosterol and polysaccharides from Flammulina velutipes root (FVR) waste. Ultrasound-assisted saponification extraction (UASE) followed by water extraction was used to prepare ergosterol and polysaccharides. The results indicated that SE destroyed the complicated structure of FVR and increased its internal porosity and surface roughness. SE caused the thermal degradation of FVR's structural components and increased the polysaccharide content 0.97-fold. As a result, the extraction yield and efficiency of ergosterol and polysaccharides were improved. The theoretical maximum extraction concentration (C∞) and diffusion coefficient (D) were increased by 34.10% and 78.04% (ergosterol) and 27.69% and 48.67% (polysaccharides), respectively. The extraction yields obtained within 20-30 min of extraction time exceeded those of untreated samples extracted after several hours. For polysaccharides, SE led to a significant reduction in the average molecular weight, increased the percentage of uronic acids and decreased the neutral sugar percentage. The monosaccharide composition was changed by SE, with an increase in the molar ratio of glucose of 64.06% and some reductions in those of other monosaccharides. This work provides an effective method for the processing of fungi waste and adds to its economic value, supporting its high-value utilization in healthcare products.

Extraction, Characterisation and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Probiotic Growth Potential of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Ulva rigida Macroalgae.

Ulva rigida green macroalgae contain a variety of polysaccharides. A recent study investigated the optimum concentration and yield of polysaccharide extraction from oven-dried U. rigida biomass using a water-soluble polysaccharide extraction method that adhered to safety standards. This study utilised complete factorial experiments to examine the effects of varying factors on polysaccharide extraction. Results showed a positive correlation between increased levels of all factors and higher polysaccharide extraction yield. This study also found that the main factors and their interaction had a significant impact on the extracted polysaccharides from U. rigida. The highest polysaccharide content and yield were 9.5 mg/mL and 189 mg/g, respectively. Water-soluble polysaccharides demonstrated the presence of reducing sugar (8 mg/g), phenolics (0.69 mg/g) and flavonoids (1.42 mg/g) and exhibited antioxidant properties. Results revealed that freeze-dried polysaccharide powders were primarily composed of the monosaccharide rhamnose. Preliminary results on the effect of these powders on probiotics demonstrated that supplementation of polysaccharides from U. rigida promoted viable Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 growth during cultivation. This discovery has the potential to revolutionise the human food industry and promote the development of functional ingredients for novel and future food products, with numerous applications in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

Synergized enzyme-ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction and antioxidant activity validation of polysaccharides from tobacco waste

A powerful and innovative technique was developed to efficiently extract and refine polysaccharides from tobacco waste. This was achieved through a combination of enzyme and ultrasound-assisted extraction assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (EUAATPE). The formation of an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) using various salts and ethanol was investigated. ATPS of 18.0 % (NH4)2SO4 (w/w) and 25.0 % ethanol (w/w) was chosen due to its favorable selection extraction ability and high recovery of 93.68 ± 0.40 %. By utilizing both single-factor experiments and response surface method (RSM), the key factors involved in the EUAATPE process were optimized. The optimal conditions were as follows: ultrasonic power 180 W, ultrasonic time 9 min, cellulase concentration 2.0 %, pectinase concentration 1.0 %, extraction temperature 50 °C, extraction time 1.5 h, and liquid-to-solid ratio 30:1 (g/g). Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yield of polysaccharides was 6.72 ± 0.11 (mg/g), and the purity of the polysaccharides from the bottom phase was 78.73 ± 3.17 %. EUAATPE resulted in a significant enhancement in the extraction yield and purity of polysaccharides from tobacco waste compared to traditional methods such as hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). Polysaccharides of tobacco waste obtained from various methods had analogous monosaccharide compositions, different molar ratio compositions and surface structure characteristics. Moreover, all polysaccharides exhibited a certain extent antioxidant activities and polysaccharides from the bottom phase (PBP) extracted by EUAATPE showed superior antioxidant activity. Hence, EUAATPE, being an innovative and eco-friendly extraction technique, presents a productive substitute for extracting and refining polysaccharides from discarded tobacco resources.

Ultrasound-Assisted Multi-Enzyme Extraction for Highly Efficient Extraction of Polysaccharides from Ulva lactuca.

Ulva polysaccharides present several physiological activities including antiviral, antitumor and anti-plasmodial effects. However, current processing usually results in low yields and high prices, thus lacking commercialization potential. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient method for the extraction of Ulva polysaccharides with high biological activity. The effect of cell wall-degrading enzymes including cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and protease on Ulva polysaccharide extraction was studied by statistical mixing design. Using the most effective enzyme preparations as the basic components, the optimal proportions of the enzyme mixture were determined as follows: cellulase 35.3%, pectinase 34.5%, alkaline protease 30.2%, which increased the polysaccharide yield from 6.43% in the absence of enzymes to 26.68%. Subsequently, through response surface analysis, the optimal conditions were determined: enzyme concentration of 1.5%, enzymatic time of 1.1 h, ultrasonic time of 90 min and enzymatic temperature of 60 °C. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the extraction yield of Ulva polysaccharides could be increased to 30.14%. Moreover, extracted polysaccharides exhibit strong antioxidant properties in DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical and H2O2-induced cellular damage models. This study laid a solid foundation for the use and development of Ulva polysaccharides.

Enzyme-Assisted Ultrasonic Extraction and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides from Schizochytrium limacinum Meal.

Enzyme-assisted ultrasonic extraction (EAUE) was utilized and optimized for extracting polysaccharides from Schizochytrium limacinum meal (SLMPs) via the response surface methodology. The optimal EAUE conditions were determined as follows: enzyme concentration at 5.18%, ultrasonic temperature at 53 °C, ultrasonic duration of 40 min, ultrasonic power at 60 W, and a liquid-to-material ratio of 34 mL/g, achieving a polysaccharide extraction yield of 11.86 ± 0.61%. The purified polysaccharide component, SLMP1-1, isolated using DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex G-100 columns, exhibited potent antioxidant activity. SLMP1-1, with a molecular weight of 25.5 kDa, comprises glucose, mannose, arabinose, and galactose in a molar ratio of 16.39:14.75:1:693.03. 1H NMR analysis revealed the α configuration of SLMP1-1. Antioxidant assessments, including DPPH, ABTS, and ferric ion reduction assays, were detected with inhibitory values at 21.82-82.98%, 38.21-98.46%, and 3.30-20.30% at 0.2-1.0 mg/mL. This confirmed the effective antioxidant capacity of SLMP1-1, which is notably enhanced post oral and gastric digestion. The findings suggest that polysaccharides extracted from Schizochytrium limacinum meal hold significant promise as natural antioxidants.

Subcritical water extraction of polysaccharides from Gastrodiae Rhizoma: optimization, characterization and in vitro hepatoprotective activity

Subcritical water extraction (SWE) is an efficient and eco-friendly technology that rapidly extracts valuable compounds from natural materials. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to determine the optimal extraction conditions for Gastrodiae Rhizoma using SWE (GRP-S). The optimum conditions were found to be 161 °C extraction temperature, 41 min extraction time, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1.55 mg/mL. Under these optimal conditions, the experimental yield of GRP-S was 66.32% ± 0.10% (n = 3), demonstrating a significant increase compared to hot water reflux extraction (HWE) in the extraction yield of polysaccharides. Characterization studies employing SEM, FT-IR, and HPAEC-PAD confirmed the differences between GRP-S and GRP-H (GRP obtained by HWE). Furthermore, both GRP-S and GRP-H exhibited a significant ability to protect HepG2 cells from ethanol-induced damage, with GRP-S showcasing a superior effect. The widespread adoption of SWE technology can lead to high GRP content in extracts and promote the green and sustainable development of natural products extraction processes.

Extraction, Rheological, and Physicochemical Properties of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides with Antioxidant Capacity from Penthorum chinense Pursh.

This study aimed to isolate polysaccharides from Penthorum chinense Pursh and evaluate their rheological characteristics, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant activity. The optimal conditions for the maximal extraction yield of Penthorum chinense Pursh polysaccharides (4.05 ± 0.12%) were determined by employing a single-factor test and response surface methodology which included an extraction time of 3 h, a liquid-solid ratio of 20 mL/g, and three separate extraction times. The rheological experiments showcased that the P. chinense polysaccharides exhibited typical shear-thinning behavior, with their apparent viscosity being influenced by various parameters such as concentration, pH, temperature, salt content, and freeze-thaw. The purified polysaccharides (PCP-100), having an average molecular weight of 1.46 × 106 Da, mainly consisted of glucose (18.99%), arabinose (22.87%), galactose (26.72%), and galacturonic acid (21.89%). Furthermore, the PCP-100 exhibited high thermal stability and displayed an irregular sheet-like morphology. Its superior reducing power and free radical scavenging ability implied its significant antioxidant activity in vitro. Collectively, these findings provide important insights for the future application of P. chinense polysaccharides in the food industry.

Extraction, structural characterization, and biological activities of a new glucan from Codonopsis pilosula

In this study, a powerful and rapid aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) method was used to extract polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula. The ATPS process was investigated with response surface methodology (RSM). At an ammonium sulfate concentration of 17%, ethanol concentration of 30%, and extraction temperature of 40 °C at pH 6, the total extraction yield of polysaccharides reached (31.57 ± 1.28)%. After separation and purification, a homogenized polysaccharide CPP 2–4 with molecular weight of 3.9 × 104 kDa was obtained from the bottom phase. The physicochemical properties and structural features confirmed that CPP 2–4 was an α-1,6-glucan. Activity studies showed that the IC50 of CPP 2–4 for DPPH radical scavenging was 0.105 mg/mL. The FRAP and ABTS assays showed that CPP 2–4 had strong antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, CPP 2–4 inhibited NO release in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide, which indicated a certain anti-inflammatory effect. This study improved the extraction rate of polysaccharides from C. pilosula and identified a glucan for the first time, that can contribute to a better understanding of the composition and structure of polysaccharides from C. pilosula and provide data support for the medicine and food homology of C. pilosula.

Response surface methodology for optimization of the extraction of polysaccharide from the roots of onosma hookeri clarke. var. longiforum duthie and its antioxidant capacity and immune activity

Onosma hookeri Clarke. var. longiforum Duthie (OHC-LD), one of the traditional Tibetan medicine, has been found many functions, including removing heat to cool blood, nourishing lung and inhibiting bacteria. In order to study the polysaccharides in OHC-LD water extract, the optimal extraction progress of polysaccharides of the roots of OHC-LD by response surface method designed with three-factor three-level Box-Behnken method and the antioxidant capacity and immune activity of the crude polysaccharide were studied in this investigation. Under the best conditions, the extraction yield of polysaccharide was 3.19±0.09% (n = 3). After purification, the crude polysaccharide was obtained with polysaccharide contents of 42.57%, which demonstrated stronger DPPH scavenging activity than BHT at low concentrations (<625 µg/mL), and comparable ABTS radical scavenging activity as BHT at high concentrations (≥1250 µg/mL). Additionally, it also exhibited a certain cell proliferation activity and an enhancement of the phagocytic ability of RAW264.7 cells. This study revealed that the crude polysaccharide from the roots of OHC-LD might be exploited as a natural antioxidant and immune enhance agent in the future in both medical and food industry.

Pressurized hot water extraction of crude polysaccharides, β-glucan, and phenolic compounds from dried gray oyster mushroom

This study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature (100 °C–140 °C), pressure (0.4–1.0 MPa), and extraction time (20–60 min) on the extraction yield of crude polysaccharides, β-glucan, and total phenolic compounds with pressurized hot water extraction of gray oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer). The extraction conditions were optimized by maximizing all responses, using a central composite design (CCD)-based response surface methodology. Temperature mainly affected the increase in the extracted yield and phenolic content. However, exceeded temperature and extraction time negatively affected the β-glucan yield. The optimal extraction conditions were at 140 °C, 0.92 MPa, and 40 min with a corresponding extraction yield of 3.20 ± 0.17 g/100 g, as well as β-glucan and total phenolic contents of 43.84 ± 3.86 mg/100 g and 8.49 ± 0.66 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g dried extract, respectively. The antioxidant activities of extracts were estimated by in vitro biological assays. The SC50 values of DPPH, NO, and ABTS assays were 1.66 ± 0.02, 1.50 ± 0.19, and 6.94 ± 1.04 mg/mL, respectively. This work demonstrates an alternative approach to valorize over-produced mushrooms.

Extraction Optimization of Arctium lappa L. Polysaccharides by Box–Behnken Response Surface Design and Their Antioxidant Capacity

AbstractArctium lappa L is a good source of polysaccharides in addition to its nutrient content and health benefits. In this study, a Box–Behnken response surface design is used to optimize the extraction conditions of A. lappa L. polysaccharides (ALP) in hot water. The influence of different degreasing methods on polysaccharide yield is investigated for the first time and their antioxidant activity compared. The effects of liquid‐to‐solid ratio (10:1 to 30:1), extraction temperature (60–100°C) and extraction time (1–3 h) on the ALP yield are analyzed. Under the optimal extraction conditions (extraction temperature 71.12°C, extraction time 2.51 h, liquid‐to‐solid ratio 16.20:1), Derringer's desirability prediction tool obtains the highest extraction yield of polysaccharides (9.73%), which is confirmed through validation experiments. In addition, the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl, 2,2‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) diammonium salt), andoxygen radical antioxidant capacity values of the optimized ALP are 232.23 ± 4.19, 407.84 ± 1.48, and 2932.54 ± 145.29 µmol Trolox g–1, respectively, indicating that ALP has potential antioxidant capacity. Therefore, ALP can be used as a functional food ingredient or nutraceutical.

Extraction, Purification, Physicochemical Properties, and Activity of a New Polysaccharide From Cordyceps cicadae.

The polysaccharides from C. cicadae were extracted by ultrasonically-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE). Response surface analysis was used to determine the optimum parameters as follows: addition of enzymes, 0.71%; extraction temperature, 60°C; extraction time, 18 min; liquid-solid ratio, 46:1 (mL/g). The extraction yield of polysaccharide was 3.66 ± 0.87%. A novel polysaccharide fraction (JCH-a1) from C. cicadae was extracted and then purified by cellulose DEAE-32 and Sephadex G-100 anion exchange chromatography. The analysis results showed that the molar ratio of galactose, glucose, and mannose in JCH-a1 cells (60.7 kDa) was 0.89:1:0.39. JCH-a1 with a triple helix contains more α-glycosides and has strong thermal stability. Moreover, JCH-a1 showed strong antioxidant activity and acted as a strong inhibitor of α-glucosidase in vitro. In addition, JCH-a1 can prolong the lifespan of C. elegans. The present study might provide a basis for further study of JCH-a1 as an antioxidant and hypoglycemic food or drug.

Structure Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes) by Microwave-Assisted Freeze-Thaw Extraction.

A water-soluble polysaccharide (GLP-2) was isolated and purified from Ganoderma lucidum by the microwave-assisted freeze-thaw method. Microwave-assisted rapid thawing treatment can greatly improve the extraction yield of polysaccharides. The chemical structure of GLP-2 was analyzed with FT-IR, HPLC, GC-MS, and NMR spectrometry. It was proved that GLP-2 is mainly composed of β-1,3-glucose and β-1,6-glucose. The chain conformation of GLP-2 was analyzed by SEC-MALLS-RI, indicating that GLP-2 adopts semi-rigid chain conformation. Its molecular weight is 16.7 × 104, and its molecular size is about 61.2 nm. MTT assay indicated that GLP-2 was non-toxic to RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. The results of anti-inflammatory studies showed that GLP-2 can inhibit the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophage stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The above data showed that the extraction method used in this study can obtain a high-yield polysaccharide with anti-inflammatory activity.

Steam explosion pretreatment of Achyranthis bidentatae radix: Modified polysaccharide and its antioxidant activities

Steam explosion technology was employed for the pretreatment of Achyranthis bidentatae radix (ABR) under mild conditions, followed by the polysaccharide extraction. An increase in the extraction yield and uronic acid content of crude polysaccharide were detected, along with a decrease in the protein content induced by the steam explosion. The monosaccharide analysis showed the main compositional modification of polysaccharide is the increase in the proportion of galacturonic acid, galactose, and arabinose. It is consistent with the discriminant analysis of the FT-IR and UV–vis spectra. These structural modifications of crude polysaccharide caused by the steam explosion pretreatment (SEP) resulted in the significant increases in their antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo. Strong correlations were observed between the pretreatment conditions and the changes in the structural characteristics and antioxidant activities of Achyranthis bidentatae radix polysaccharides (ABPS).

Extraction optimization and antioxidant activity of Phyllanthus urinaria polysaccharides

Three extraction parameters including extraction time, material to solvent ratio, and extraction temperature for the extraction yield of Phyllanthus urinaria polysaccharides were optimized by response surface methodology. The results revealed that the optimal extraction process was extraction time of 5.3 h, extraction temperature of 93 °C, and material to solvent ratio of 1:47 g/mL, under which the polysaccharide yield was 6.40%; The three parameters had significant effect on the polysaccharide yield, and the influence of extraction time was the greatest and that of extraction temperature was the lowest. The antioxidant activity test indicated that the equivalent scavenging ability of Phyllanthus urinaria polysaccharides on DPPH and ABTS free radicals was 0.88 and 0.84 μg TBHQ/μg of polysaccharides, respectively; while the reducing power and total antioxidant capacity of Phyllanthus urinaria polysaccharides was equivalent to 93.62% and 93.55% of TBHQ, respectively. The Phyllanthus urinaria polysaccharides had good antioxidant activity.

Preparation of Wood Ear Mushroom, Auricularia auricula-judae (Agaricomycetes), Polysaccharides by Neutral Protease and Their Antioxidant Stress Capacity.

Response surface methodology with a Box-Behnken design was used to investigate the effects of a neutral protease on Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide (AAP) extraction yield. Four ethanol concentrations (30%, 50%, 70%, and 90%) were used to grade AAPs. Optimal fractions with a high polysaccharide recovery rate and a strong free radical scavenging rate were obtained, and their antioxidant stress effect was studied using Caenorhabditis elegans as the model organism. The results showed that among the factors affecting AAP yield (temperature, liquid-to-A. auricula-judae powder, enzyme usage, time, pH, etc.), temperature, ratio of liquid-to-A. auricula-judae powder, and time had the most obvious effects. AAP yield reached 13.91% ± 0.95% at a temperature of 7°C, liquid-to-material ratio of 75 mL/g, and extraction time of 70 min. High AAP recovery rates and strong free radical scavenging rates of 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt and 1,1-dibenzoyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine were obtained by 30% ethanol (AAPs1). Results from the anti-hydrogen peroxide and methyl viologen stress experiment showed that AAPsl could significantly prolong the life of worms under oxidative stress compared to the negative control group (P < 0.05).

Ultrasound Application for the Extraction and Modification of Fiber-Rich By-Products

Dietary fiber (DF) is a promising group of compounds that provides several techno-functionalities to foods. Plant-food materials, as well as fruit and vegetable by-products generated from the agricultural industry, can be utilized to obtain DF-based techno-functional ingredients. DF compounds are usually extracted and modified with thermal, enzymatic, and chemical treatments. However, these methods require high temperatures, the use of chemical reagents, long extraction times, and usually result in the production of low extraction yields. In this context, ultrasound (US)-assisted extraction (UAE) has proved to increase the extraction yield of different polysaccharides, as well as showing a significant reduction in the processing times and energy consumption. US power, frequency, temperature, residence time, and the sample-solvent interaction (SL; solid–liquid ratio) are the variables that must be considered for the success of UAE applications. Additionally, US can modify polysaccharide structures, producing changes in techno-functional properties such as water holding capacity, swelling capacity, oil holding capacity, and rheological properties, among other characteristics. These properties can improve DF applications and result in new attributes of interest for the food industry. This work aims to present advances and recent studies comparing UAE and conventional extraction methods for specific fiber compounds from fiber-rich by-products not only to evaluate the extraction yield and processing variables but also to compare the composition and techno-functionality of the extracted compounds and their benefits in food applications that can contribute to future utilization of US in the food industry.

Screening active fractions from Pinus massoniana pollen for inhibiting ALV-J replication and their structure activity relationship investigation

The objective was to identify the active fractions of polysaccharide against replication of ALV-J and elucidate their structure activity relationship. The optimal extraction conditions were extracting temperature 90℃, pH 9 and the ratio of liquid to solid 30:1. Under these conditions, extraction yield of total polysaccharide was 6.5 % ± 0.19 %. Total polysaccharide was then purified by DEAE-52 cellulose and Sephadex G-200 gel. Three fractions, PPP-1, PPP-2, and PPP-3, were identified with molecular weight of 463.70, 99.41, and 26.97 kDa, respectively. Three polysaccharide fractions were all composed of 10 monosaccharides in different proportions. Compared with PPP-1, which was mainly composed of glucose, PPP-2 and PPP-3 contained a higher proportion of galactose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. The Congo red assay indicated that the PPP-2 may have a triple helical structure, while PPP-1 and PPP-3 were absent. In vitro assay showed that there was no significant cytotoxicity among the polysaccharide fractions under the concentration of 800 μg mL−1 (P > 0.05). The antiviral test showed that PPP-2 had the strongest activity, indicating PPP-2 was the major antiviral component. The structure-activity relationship showed that the antiviral activities of polysaccharide fractions were affected by their monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and triple helical structure, which was a result of a combination of multiple molecular structural factors. These results showed that the PPP-2 could be exploited as a valued product for replacing synthetic antiviral drugs, and provided support for future applications of polysaccharide from Pinus massoniana pollen as a useful source for antiviral agent.

Polysaccharides from pineapple core as a canning by-product: Extraction optimization, chemical structure, antioxidant and functional properties

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) technique has been investigated to extract polysaccharides from pineapple core as a by-product using response surface methodology. A Box–Behnken design was employed to optimize the conditions for the maximum extraction yield of polysaccharides. The results demonstrated that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: water/solid material ratio of 29.5 mL/g, extraction temperature of 66.3 °C and extraction time of 46.7 min. Under these conditions, the extraction yield of pineapple core polysaccharides (PCPs) was 16.7%. The structure of PCPs was analyzed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), SEM (scanning electron microscope) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results of thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the PCPs had a good thermal stability at temperatures below 250 °C. The extracted polysaccharides had a porous structure with rough surface. The extracted polysaccharides had strong scavenging activities on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. Furthermore, they demonstrated interesting water-holding and fat-binding capacities (3.11 and 4.25 g/g, respectively). The results revealed that polysaccharides displayed good emulsifying and foaming properties. Overall, the findings suggest that PCPs are a promising source of antioxidants and may have potential applications in functional food industries.

Structural characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of a novel water soluble polysaccharide from Cordia myxa fruits

In this study, water-soluble polysaccharide and fatty acids of Cordia myxa fruit harvested from the southwest of Iran were isolated and investigated. The extraction yield of water-soluble polysaccharide of C. myxa fruit (WSPCM) was 24.12%, and its experimental purity was 79.43%. The High Performance Liquid Chromatography results indicated that the WSPCM consisted of glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, ribose, maltitol, and maltoheptaose. The atomic absorption spectrometer analysis indicated that WSPCM was a rich source of Ca and Na. The dynamic light scattering results illustrated that the average particle size and zeta potential were 1510.7 nm and − 64.96, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of α and β-configurations in WSPCM. The total unsaturated and saturated fatty acids were 60.62% and 39.38%, respectively and oleic, palmitic, and linoleic were the main fatty acids. The WSPCM represented good antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, it showed a relatively good antioxidant activity. In conclusion, WSPCM could be introduced as a novel natural antioxidant and antibacterial substance in functional food.