Extraction Sites Research Articles

Effectiveness of PRP in Reduction of Localized Alveolitis in Young Adult Patients

ABSTRACT Background: Localized alveolitis, commonly known as dry socket, is a painful post-extraction complication that occurs when the blood clot at the site of the tooth extraction disintegrates. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), an autologous concentration of platelets in plasma, has been proposed to enhance wound healing and reduce the incidence of alveolitis. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 100 young adult patients aged 18-35 undergoing mandibular third molar extractions. The patients were randomly assigned to the PRP group (n = 50) or the control group (n = 50). In the PRP group, PRP was prepared from the patient’s blood and applied to the extraction site immediately after tooth removal. In the control group, no additional treatment was applied. The primary outcome was the incidence of localized alveolitis within 7 days post-extraction. Secondary outcomes included pain levels assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and wound healing evaluated clinically. Results: The incidence of localized alveolitis was significantly lower in the PRP group (6%) compared to the control group (20%) (P < 0.05). Patients in the PRP group reported lower pain scores on the VAS at 3 and 7 days post-extraction, with mean scores of 2.5 and 1.2, respectively, compared to 4.0 and 2.8 in the control group. Clinical evaluation showed enhanced wound healing in the PRP group, with fewer signs of inflammation and better epithelialization. Conclusion: The application of PRP significantly reduces the incidence of localized alveolitis and accelerates wound healing in young adult patients following mandibular third molar extractions. PRP is a promising adjunctive treatment that enhances postoperative recovery and patient comfort.

Uncontrolled Illegal Mining and Garimpo in the Brazilian Amazon.

Mining has played an important role in the economies of South American countries. Although industrial mining prevails in most countries, the expansion of garimpo activity has increased substantially. Recently, Brazil exhibited two moments of garimpo dominance over industrial mining: 1989-1997 and 2019-2022. While industrial mining sites occupied ~ 360 km2 in 1985 but increased to 1800 km2 in 2022, a 5-fold increase, garimpo mining area increased by ~ 1200%, from ~ 218 km2 in 1985 to ~ 2627 km2 in 2022. More than 91% of this activity is concentrated in the Amazon. Where almost 40% of the sites are five years old or younger, this proportion increases to 62% within Indigenous lands (ILs). Regarding the legal aspect, at least 77% of the 2022 extraction sites showed explicit signs of illegality. Particular attention must be given to the Kayapo, Munduruku, and Yanomami ILs. Together, they concentrate over 90% of the garimpo across ILs.

Rectal Eversion as an Anus-sparing Technique in Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection With Double Stapling Anastomosis: Long-term Functional Results.

Rectal eversion (RE) is a natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE) method that allows anus-sparing resection in very low rectal tumors. This study aims to share the long-term results of RE in laparoscopic rectal resection performed with double stapling anastomosis. A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted for patients who underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection with RE. Age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, type of surgery, distance of the tumor to the dentate line, specimen extraction site, cancer stage, preoperative chemoradiotherapy, postoperative complications, and postoperative clinical follow-up findings were recorded. Incontinence was assessed using the Wexner score (WS). Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) is determined by the LARS score. A 7-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the satisfaction of the patients. A total of 17 patients underwent resection by RE for rectal tumors. Of the 11 patients included in the study, 4 were female and 7 were male. The mean age was 66.09±15.04 years. The mean follow-up was 64.18±16.83 months. The mean tumor diameter was 3.1cm (range: 0.9 to 7.2cm). The mean distance of the tumor from the dentate line was 2.7cm (range: 1.2 to 5.6cm). No anastomotic leak was observed in any patient. One patient had an anastomotic stenosis and was treated with balloon dilatation. The median LARS score was 16 (range 0 to 32) and 64% of the patients had no LARS. Two patients had minor LARS and 2 patients had major LARS. The median Wexner score was 3.5 (range 0 to 14). The median Likert scale was 7 (range 5 to 7). It was found that 55% of the patients were extremely satisfied, 18% were satisfied, and 27% were slightly satisfied with their surgery. There were no dissatisfied patients. RE is a safe NOSE technique in laparoscopic double stapling anastomosis for rectal resection. There is a high level of long-term patient satisfaction with anus-sparing procedures via RE, even in the presence of various symptoms.

Comparative evaluation of autologous dental bone powder and deproteinized bovine bone mineral allografts for oral implant bone deficits.

To compare the effectiveness of autologous dental bone powder grafts with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) allografts in oral implant bone deficiency. Between January 2021 and January 2023, we enrolled 120 patients with inadequate bone for oral implantation, dividing them into an experimental group and a control group (60 each). The experimental group received autologous dental bone powder grafts, while the control group received DBBM allografts. Wound healing was assessed using the early healing index (EHI) with 5 days of closure as the baseline timeline, as Grade I: full closure without a fibrin line, Grade II: closure with a fibrin line, and Grade III: closure with fibrin covering the incision. Additional outcomes included buccal and palatal alveolar bone height, alveolar bone width at 3 (W1), 7 (W2), and 11mm (W3) below the top of the alveolar ridge, and bone density measured before and 3 months after tooth extraction. The altered shape of the alveolar bone at the extraction site was assessed at 3- and 6-months post-extraction. Implant success rate was also evaluated at 15 days and 1 month after implantation. Comparisons were made using independent t-tests, paired t-tests, χ² tests, and Z tests, as appropriate. The experimental group had a lower wound healing time and a greater prevalence of EHI categorization class I compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Three months after tooth extraction, there was no statistically significant difference in buccal and palatal alveolar bone heights between the experimental group and the pre-treatment measurements (P > 0.05). However, the control group showed a decrease in buccal and palatal alveolar bone heights compared to the pre-treatment period, while the experimental group had greater bone heights than the control group (P < 0.05). Three months after extraction, the widths of W1, W2, and W3 decreased in both groups. However, the experimental group maintained greater widths compared to the control group (P < 0.05). At 3 months post-extraction, both groups showed an increase in alveolar bone density at the extraction site. Notably, the experimental group had a higher bone density compared to the control group as well as new bone contour score of the alveolar bone at the extraction site (P < 0.05). However, at 6 months after extraction, there was no statistically significant difference in the new bone contour score of the alveolar bone at the extraction site between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the implant success rate between the two groups. (P > 0.05). Autologous dental bone powder grafting promotes initial alveolar bone regeneration, enhances wound healing, and increases new bone density, providing favorable surgical conditions for dental implants. However, by 6 months, there was no significant difference in bone contour compared to DBBM allografts, indicating similar long-term clinical outcomes for both materials.

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 has major impact in prevention of suicidal covalent DNA-protein crosslink with apurinic/apyrimidinic site in cellular extracts.

DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC) are common DNA lesions induced by various external and endogenous agents. One of the sources of DPC is the apurinic/apyrimidinic site (AP site) and proteins interacting with it. Some proteins possessing AP lyase activity form covalent complexes with AP site-containing DNA without borohydride reduction (suicidal crosslinks). We have shown earlier that tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) but not AP endonuclease 1 (APE1) is able to remove intact OGG1 from protein-DNA adducts, whereas APE1 is able to prevent the formation of DPC by hydrolyzing the AP site. Here we demonstrate that TDP1 can remove intact PARP2 but not XRCC1 from covalent enzyme-DNA adducts with AP-DNA formed in the absence of APE1. We also analyzed an impact of APE1 and TDP1 on the efficiency of DPC formation in APE1-/- or TDP1-/- cell extracts. Our data revealed that APE1 depletion leads to increased levels of PARP1-DNA crosslinks, whereas TDP1 deficiency has little effect on DPC formation.

Designing flexible TiO2/SrTiO3/BiOBr recyclable fiber membrane with spatial dual oxidation sites for photocatalytic uranium extraction under visible light

The utilization of nuclear energy generates a substantial volume of wastewater containing uranium, posing a significant threat to both aquatic ecosystems and human health. The current photocatalytic materials utilized for uranium extraction commonly exhibit insufficient redox capabilities, inefficient separation of photogenerated carriers, and challenging recovery. Therefore, recyclable TiO2/SrTiO3/BiOBr (TSB) dual Z-scheme heterojunction fiber membrane materials with dual oxidation sites were successfully synthesized, with advantages of rapid carrier separation and transfer and a broad photo-response range of the dual Z-scheme heterojunctions. Due to the presence of dual oxidation sites, TSB exhibited an exceptional uranium extraction performance, achieving a remarkable 98.9 % extraction rate without the need for sacrificial agents, which was 2.48, 1.79, and 3.34 times of those of ordinary TiO2, SrTiO3, and BiOBr, respectively. The extraction rate of uranium from TSB was 85 % after five cycles. Optical and photoelectric tests revealed that TSB reduced the bandgap width by 0.25 eV compared to that of TiO2, enhanced the fluorescence lifetime by 1.3 ns, lowered the electrical resistance, and higher optical current density, confirming the effective charge transport at the catalyst interfaces. The charge transfer routes in the TSB dual Z-scheme were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory. The potent oxidizing ·OH generated by TSB played a crucial role in facilitating the conversion of U(VI) into insoluble (UO2)O2·2H2O. In conclusion, this work provides a novel strategy for the design of dual Z-scheme heterojunctions and offers a new method for practical and recoverable uranium extraction.

Novel early vertical ridge augmentation technique

Background/purposeMultiple augmentation protocols are documented in the literature to rebuild the deficient alveolar ridge after tooth extraction; however, achieving adequate vertical augmentation remains the most challenging goal. This study demonstrated a novel surgical technique of early vertical ridge augmentation for post-dental extraction. This technique offers several biological and technical advantages regarding the timing of the procedure and its relative simplicity compared to other complex techniques. Materials and methodsThis retrospective study consisted of 50 extraction sites from 44 participants who had received early vertical ridge augmentation (VRA) procedures (6–16 weeks post-extraction in either the maxilla or the mandible). The procedures were carried out using titanium tenting screws, freeze-dried bone allografts (FDBA), and xenografts (bovine). Pre- and post-operative cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were taken for all participants 6–9 months after the augmentation surgery to measure the vertical bone gained. ResultsA total of 44 patients were treated with early VRA 6–16 weeks post-dental extraction. The total mean vertical bone gain measured after 6–9 months of augmentation for all cases was 4.64 ± 1.76 mm with no complications encountered. About 80 % of augmented sites met or exceeded the expected vertical bone gain (EVBG). Delaying vertical ridge augmentation until after eight weeks post-extraction, particularly beyond twelve weeks, results in higher rates of EVBG and more consistent average bone gain. ConclusionThis study indicates that VRA can be achieved predictably by utilizing the early VRA technique, which is relatively straightforward and is associated with a minimal complication.

Enhancing Lower Third Molar Surgery: Using The Piezoelectric Technique for Superior Postoperative Outcomes and Complication Prevention

Background: The surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars is routine in oral and maxillofacial surgery and common postoperative complications are widely reported in the literature. Therefore, this prospective split-mouth study aims to compare the postoperative sequelae of piezoelectric surgery versus conventional surgery of the lower third molar, focusing on pain and swelling. Methodology: In total, 41 patients were treated under local anesthesia and surgical removal on one side of their mouth was performed using conventional rotary surgery (micromotor) while the other side’s was by piezosurgery, with an interval of 15 days from the previous procedure (82 extraction sites); in addition, pain and swelling analyses were conducted. Results: The pain analysis demonstrated a median of one day of pain in patients treated with piezoelectric surgery compared to two days with conventional surgery (p &lt; 0.001). The probability of not feeling pain was greater in sites treated with experimental surgery on the first and second days (p &lt; 0.001). The swelling was worse in places treated with the conventional method, with the most significant difference being the distance between the angle of the mandible and the upper lip vermilion on both days and the more subtle difference between the angle of the mandible and the anterior nasal spine on the seventh day. Conclusions: When a piezosurgical unit is used, according to the literature, is well known that it takes more time to perform the surgical extraction of third molars. Despite that, our results show that it causes less pain postoperatively, with faster improvement and a quicker reduction in swelling compared to conventional surgery.

Comparison of Port-Site Hernia Development With And Without Use of Dilator For Gall Bladder Extraction Site in Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the incidence of port-site hernia with and without use of dilator for extraction of gall bladder in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Bahawalpur Pakistan, from Oct 2019 to Oct 2021. Methodology: Sixty patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were divided into two equal groups (n=30). Group-A included patients in whom dilator was used and Group-B had those patients in whom dilator was not used. All patients were followed up by clinical examination for development of hernia at the port-site for extraction of gall bladder for 18-24 months postoperatively. Frequency of clinical development of gall bladder extraction port-site hernia was noted for every group. Result: Mean age of the patients was 42.90±14.12 years with an age range of 22 to 85 years. Of all the patients 9(18%) were male and 51(82%) patients were females. In Group-A, one patient developed port-site hernia clinically whereas in Group-B no patients developed this condition. The p-value was found to be 0.31. These results are statistically insignificant showing that use of dilator in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy does not increase the incidence of port-site hernia significantly. Conclusion: Use of dilator does not significantly affect the incidence of development of port-site hernia from where gall bladder is extracted.

The influence of different extraction indications on the morphological changes in the maxillary sinus: A retrospective cohort study.

The comprehensive effects of maxillary posterior tooth extraction on the maxillary sinus (MS) morphology remain to be thoroughly elucidated. This retrospective cohort study aimed at evaluating the influence of different extraction indications on the morphological changes in the MS by utilizing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). One hundred and seventy-eight of maxillary posterior tooth extractions underwent CBCT scans before and after extraction using 3D Slicer software. Parameters such as maxillary sinus pneumatization (MSP, the primary outcome measure), buccal bone height (BBH), palatal bone height (PBH), mucosal thickness (MT), and other anatomical structures were measured for patients undergoing extraction due to periodontitis, periapical lesions, or tooth fracture. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to assess the effect of extraction indications on the MS. While the primary outcome, MSP, did not reveal statistically significant differences across various indications for tooth extraction (p > .05), extraction itself resulted in MSP (p < .05). The rate of this pneumatization was influenced by the position of the extraction site (p < .05). Additionally, baseline values of bone height and mucosal thickness showed an inverse correlation with the rate of change in these parameters following tooth extraction (p < .001). Tooth extraction led to increased pneumatization of the maxillary sinus while simultaneously reducing bone height and mucosal thickness. However, these outcomes were not influenced by the reason for tooth extraction.

The provision of dental extractions in patients with established or a history of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Patients with existing or a history of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) are considered to be at a higher risk of further developing MRONJ, particularly if dental extractions are necessary. It is assumed that their underlying risk factors predispose them to developing MRONJ and they are allocated into an 'elevated risk group'. There is no evidence to quantify this risk level; however, it has led to an avoidance of dental extractions in this cohort. However, avoidance of dental extractions is not a realistic treatment option to prevent MRONJ and there is emerging evidence that inflammatory dental disease, such as peri-apical pathology or periodontal disease, can trigger the pathogenesis of MRONJ. The current case series retrospectively reviewed 28 patients with existing or a history of MRONJ who underwent dental extractions (n = 65) via our departmental protocol, which includes elective circumferential socket alveoplasty and primary closure. Our outcomes show that MRONJ did not develop at the new extraction site, with a post-operative review period of at least six months. These results provide promising evidence that dental extractions can be performed in this group of patients with <1% risk of developing MRONJ at the new surgical site, if appropriate measures are undertaken.

Robotics can decrease the rate of post-operative ventral hernia: a single centre retrospective cohort study.

Midline incision for extra-corporeal anastomosis is common with traditional laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. Incisional hernias develop in up to 20% of these patients within a year adding considerable morbidity and healthcare costs. Robotic assisted surgery (RAS) improves technical ease of intra-corporeal anastomosis, preventing midline extraction but its benefit over laparoscopy remains debated. We aimed to determine if robotic assisted surgery and Pfannenstiel extraction decreased the rate of radiologically detected incisional hernias compared to standard laparoscopy with extra-corporeal anastomosis. The secondary outcomes aimed to evaluate incidence of port site hernias in 8mm robotic ports for which routine closure is not followed. Our single centre retrospective cohort study included patients who had minimally invasive right hemicolectomy and had cross-sectional imaging at least 1-year later. Patient demographics, body mass index, history of smoking or previous surgery was recorded. At imaging, evidence of new extraction site or port site-site hernia, contents and clinical impact was noted. A total of 100 patients (50 robotic and 50 laparoscopic) were included. Baseline characteristics appeared equally distributed. 16% (8 patients) who had laparoscopic surgery developed midline extraction site hernias which was significantly higher to RAS group (0 patients). 3 patients developed hernias at the site of robotic ports and this was more commonly at the right iliac fossa port. RAS, by simplifying intra-corporeal anastomosis has potential to eliminate incisional hernias, particularly when Pfannenstiel extraction is used. The potential for 8mm robotic ports to develop clinically significant hernias cannot be ignored and meticulous closure can prevent patient harm.

Fish, Fetishization, and Faith in the Arctic Ocean

The ocean is a site of energy, space, movement, depth, and extraction. The biblical creation account begins there, with the energy of movement of the Spirit over the Deep. The exploitation of the ocean can be read as a desecration of the Deep, of divine presence and creativity, where beings of the deep roam. Many of these beings are beyond human knowledge, known only to the Creator. Many disturbances of the ocean floor and ocean dwellers have already occurred; penetrating even deeper into the ocean is a form of sacrilege. Extractive politics in the Arctic Ocean and in Northern Sápmi continue following decades of overfishing, poaching, and repression of indigenous coastal traditions. The Sámi tradition and ecological theologies offer a different way of looking at coastal and ocean regions. As tools to counter the calls for endless extraction, we offer narratives that highlight the importance of the coastal Sámi oral tradition and a decolonial ecotheology of a protective apophasis of the Deep. Countering extraction involves rejecting a hermeneutics of commodity fetish that distorts the ocean and those that live and travel within it by framing them as endlessly extractable. This article seeks to resist the extraction of oceanic waters and remind us of ways to respect ocean-dwelling species, the ocean, and ourselves in a time where we are facing the sixth great extinction.

Spontaneous space closure after extraction of young first permanent molar. Retrospective cohort study.

Early compromised first-permanent-molar (FPM) extraction can adversely affect occlusion. However, the current literature does not provide sufficient support for definitive early extraction outcome. This cohort study aimed to evaluate the pattern of post-FPM extraction spontaneous space closure and its pre-extraction indicators. Patients of 7-13 years, with compromised FPM at three-tertiary-centers between 2015 and 2019 were retrospectively screened. Pre-extraction indicators were evaluated (extraction location, direction of the second permanent molar (SPM) long-axis, and SPM Demirjian development stage). Spontaneous space closure pattern was evaluated clinically and radiographically using the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) grading system. In total, 112 FPMs (73-patients) were identified and five (4.5%) of the extraction sites showed favorable combined-ABO-scores. Distal direction of the SPM long-axis in the maxillary arch significantly decreased the relative risk (RR) of having a SPM rotation/alignment ABO score-1 (P = 0.002; RR = 0.64). For the mandibular arch, Demirjian stage D and E significantly decreased the RR of having ABO score-1 for spacing between the SPMs and second premolars (P = 0.029; RR:0.57, P = 0.004; RR:0.53, respectively) and vertical dimension (P = 0.02; RR = 0.53). The direction of the SPM long-axis and its developmental stage are key indicators of the favorable outcome pattern of spontaneous space closure after FPM early extraction.

Late modern war and the geos: The ecological ‘beforemaths’ of advanced military technologies

This article develops the idea that late modern war’s relationship with the geos (the ground and the life it sustains) is doubly destructive. While part of this is recognized in a recent focus on slow violence and ecological aftermaths, there is little consideration of the ‘beforemath’, or the sites of extraction that make advanced military technologies possible. Drawing attention to mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the article connects military technologies to arms manufacturers and their use of extracted minerals (e.g. cobalt, tantalum, copper, uranium). Shared patterns of environmental and public health effects across parts of Iraq, Gaza and the DRC indicate the doubly destructive nature of late modern war’s relationship with the geos: toxic materials threaten life after war as the deposits of bombardment and before war as mineral commodities at the beginning of arms supply chains. The article explicates how a perspective from the beforemath radically refigures the ways we think about war and spatiality, temporality, and the range of bodies affected in ways that promise a fuller understanding of the violence distributed by practices of late modern war.

Terrestrial land use signals on groundwater fauna beyond current protection buffers.

Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are tightly linked, with direct implications for applied resource management and conservation. It is well known that human land use change and intensification of terrestrial systems can have large impacts on surface freshwater ecosystems. Contrastingly, the study and understanding of such land use impacts on groundwater communities is lagging behind. Both the impact strength of land use on groundwater communities and the spatial extents at which such interlinkages are operating are largely unknown, despite our reliance on groundwater for drinking water extraction as a key ecosystem service. Here, we analyzed groundwater amphipod occurrence from several hundred shallow groundwater aquifers used for drinking water extraction across a region of varying agricultural intensity and human population density in Switzerland. Despite drinking water extraction sites being generally built at locations with expected minimal aboveground impacts on water quality, we found a direct correlation between land use type and intensity within the surrounding catchment area and the locally measured nitrate concentrations, which is a direct proxy for drinking water quality. Furthermore, groundwater amphipods were more likely to be found at sites with higher forest coverage than at sites with higher crop and intensive pasture coverages, clearly indicating a tight connection between aboveground land use and groundwater biodiversity. Our results indicate that land use type effects on groundwater communities are most relevant and pronounced to spatial scales of about 400-1000 m around the groundwater sampling site. Importantly, the here identified spatial scale is 1.2- to 3-fold exceeding the average extent of currently defined groundwater protection zones. We postulate that incorporating an ecosystem perspective into groundwater management strategies is needed for effective protection of groundwater quality and biodiversity.

National identity politics and postcolonial sovereignty games: Greenland, Denmark, and the European Union

The relationship between Greenland and the EU is to a great degree influenced by the image of Greenland being on the path towards independence from Denmark. In both countries, identity discourse idealizes the homogenous nation state, leaving the ‘community of the realm’ in need of a good explanation. However, attempts to explain Greenland’s continued reliance on outside help in its development towards independence continuously risk infantilizing the country. As climate changes are establishing the Arctic as a site of mineral extraction and commerce, Greenland is finding new ways of diversifying its dependence. Important in this regard is the way Greenland’s relationship to the EU is played out as a series of ‘sovereignty games’ that minimize Denmark’s role as intermediary. This book looks at changes to national identity discourse and foreign policy through four analytical strategies — identifying the core concepts of Danish and Greenlandic identity through discourse analysis; reading political debates as identity-political negotiations; using qualitative interviews with key actors to see how clashing identity discourses are managed in diplomatic practice; and approaching legal texts as the ‘frozen’ outcome of these ‘sovereignty games’. In conclusion, the book draws up scenarios for how the expiry date of the ‘community of the realm’ may be extended – by finding new metaphors that will facilitate equality, and by employing Danish diplomacy to make Greenland less dependent on Denmark.

Effects of Simvastatin-Loaded Nanomicelles on the Early Preservation of Tooth Extraction Sites.

The present study intended to evaluate the effect of simvastatin-loaded nanomicelles (SVNs) on promoting new bone formation and reducing alveolar ridge resorption at the tooth extraction sites at the early healing of the extraction sockets. SVNs were synthesized using a dialysis method. The rabbit tooth extraction model was established, SVNs and simvastatin (SV) were loaded on gelatin sponge and inserted into the extraction socket. CBCT scans were performed at 0, 2, and 4weeks postoperatively to evaluate bone formation and alveolar ridge absorption in the extraction sockets. And all the animals were sacrificed and the mandibles were harvested. And HE staining and Masson staining were used for histological evaluation of the bone formation in the extraction sockets. Radiographic evaluation showed that compared with the blank control group, at 2 and 4weeks after extraction, SVNs increased the new bone density in the extraction sockets by 75.7% and 96.5%, and reduced the absorption rate of alveolar ridge length at the extraction sites by 60.8% and 49.1%, respectively. Histological evaluation showed that SVNs significantly improved the maturation of new bone tissue in the extraction sockets. SVNs can significantly accelerate healing and effectively reduce the absorption of alveolar ridge at the extraction sites in the early stage of tooth extraction socket healing.

Oil–reservoir correlation: Unravelling the producing reservoir for the sulfur-rich Qianjiang shale oil play

The hypersaline Qianjiang shale oil play represents a promising yet challenging target for exploration due to its multiple stacked shale-carbonate layers, which complicate the identification of the most viable extraction sites. Additionally, the oil accumulated in these layers is immature to low-mature and considerably high in sulphur content. To trace the shale zones after fracturing, a newly developed oil-reservoir correlation method employing Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was utilised. This method proved effective in distinguishing between the acidic nitrogen-, sulphur-, and oxygen-containing (NSO) compounds identified by the negative mode of electrospray ionisation FT-ICR MS and the less polar NSO compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons detected by positive ion atmospheric pressure photoionisation FT-ICR MS. These compounds facilitated the deconvolution of oils produced from mixed layers in the hypersaline Qianjiang shale play. The zones of oil production identified through this method corresponded well with shale reservoirs previously characterised by anomalously high oil saturation index values (OSI >400 mg/g TOC) and a preferential enrichment of saturated hydrocarbons. A detailed analysis of C31-35 homohopane distributions in shale extracts and crude oil corroborated these findings. The variability in the producibility of NSO compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons was examined based on functional group, degree of aromatisation, and molecular weight. During production, sulphur- and nitrogen-containing compounds predominantly migrated into the produced oil, whereas oxygen-containing compounds were less affected. Nonetheless, determining the production partitioning of aromatic hydrocarbons remains challenging; if present, it may be obscured by the commingled production effects from multiple layers.

A Well-Tested Pump Card Classification and Identification Algorithm Based on Time Series Analysis Techniques

Abstract To accurately identify the operational conditions of oil pumping wells, promptly monitor the working status of oil wells, expedite responses to sudden pumping well accidents, and ensure orderly production at the oil extraction site, this paper introduces a time segment-based oil pumping well condition identification algorithm. This method no longer relies on drawn dynamometer cards for condition identification. Instead, it solely utilizes sensor-provided polished rod displacement and load time series, aligning more closely with the data’s intrinsic nature. The algorithm is sufficiently lightweight, highly responsive, and does not require GPU resources, making it suitable for edge deployment. Furthermore, this approach provides evidence of the time continuity and numerical continuity of time series data. Compared to traditional identification methods, this approach maintains a high level of accuracy, offers a streamlined model, and is interpretable, presenting a novel perspective for oil pumping well condition identification.