Extraction Of Molar Teeth Research Articles

猫歯肉口内炎に対し全臼歯抜歯を行った34例の長期評価

歯肉口内炎を有す猫34頭で全臼歯抜歯処置を行い，治療効果を長期的に評価した． 34頭中17頭は処置後速やかにあるいは徐々に改善し完治に至り，5頭では明らかな改善がみられた． しかし，12頭では長期評価で改善がみられず，特に処置後の短期評価で改善が認められなかった症例や，短期的に改善が得られても経過途中で再燃した症例での長期改善率が悪い傾向があった． また，これら長期経過で改善がみられなかった12頭のうちの5頭で，さらに全顎抜歯を行ったところ4頭が完治し，1頭では改善がみられた． 以上のことより全臼歯抜歯処置後は内科的治療を継続しながら経時的観察を行うことにより，全臼歯抜歯処置で十分な効果が得られるのか，あるいはさらなる治療法としての全顎抜歯を考慮するべきなのかを判断する手がかりになる可能性が示唆された．

ECG variations in patients pre- and post-local anaesthesia and analgesia

To determine the incidence of ECG abnormalities in a healthy adults undergoing a surgical extraction of third molar teeth pre-and post-operatively and to study the effect of local anaesthetics, surgical stress and analgesics on cardiac rhythm. One hundred and ninety-eight healthy adult patients taking part in a clinical trial of analgesics were randomly selected for this study. All patients required the removal of at least one impacted mandibular wisdom tooth under local anaesthetic. An ECG was taken at a screening visit and repeated post-operatively 30 minutes after analgesia was given. The effects of analgesia were also monitored to ascertain whether any changes were related to pain experience or the analgesic itself. ECG abnormalities were detected in 44 patients at the screening visit. Of these patients, 20 showed rsR complex patterns, seven showed non-specific ST elevation, six patients had an abnormal P wave axis, three patients presented with single atrial premature beats and three patients showed a short PR interval. Other minor abnormalities were occasionally seen. The results recorded were of minimal clinical significance and the numbers are in line with previous research. Post-operative abnormalities were seen in 60 patients. Nineteen patients showed rsR complex patterns, sinus arrhythmias were seen in 11 individuals, seven patients showed non-specific ST elevation and six patients had an abnormal P-wave axis. Other minor abnormalities were occasionally seen. Although the results were not statistically significant, some of the patients did show clinically relevant abnormalities which necessitated referral to a cardiologist. These included: marked ST elevation; marked ST depression and one case of Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB).

A survey of consultant members of the British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons regarding bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaws

The aims of this survey of consultants in the British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons were threefold. Firstly, to estimate the number of patients screened for oral health before starting intravenous bisphosphonate medication, secondly, to indicate the use of antibiotics in patients on bisphosphonates who need routine extraction of a lower first molar tooth, and finally to estimate the number of new and currently managed cases of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (BONJ) in the last year, and approximately how many of those currently being managed had healed. A questionnaire was mailed to 322 consultants working at 154 hospitals in the summer of 2008. There were responses from 184 consultants (57%) and from 111 hospitals (72%). Screening patients before starting intravenous bisphosphonates was uncommon (15%). Almost all consultants would prescribe antibiotics for molar extraction and in about two-thirds this was both before and after extraction. Relatively few would stop bisphosphonates. Nearly two-thirds of consultants had seen new cases of BONJ from intravenous treatment in the last year, and a quarter had seen three or more. A similar proportion had patients on intravenous bisphosphonates under review for BONJ, and it was estimated that in a fifth of patients the lesion had healed. This survey indicates current practice among oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the UK. A national project for the registration of new patients will provide a stronger evidence base with respect to incidence, risk factors, and management of BONJ.

701 RANDOMISED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, PARALLEL-GROUP STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SB-705498, A TRPV1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, ON PAIN FOLLOWING THIRD MOLAR TOOTH EXTRACTION

European Journal of PainVolume 13, Issue S1 p. S202-S202 701 RANDOMISED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, PARALLEL-GROUP STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF SB-705498, A TRPV1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, ON PAIN FOLLOWING THIRD MOLAR TOOTH EXTRACTION J. Palmer, J. Palmer GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Harlow, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorR. Lai, R. Lai GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Harlow, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorN. Thomas, N. Thomas GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Harlow, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Bullman, J. Bullman GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Harlow, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorZ. Ali, Z. Ali GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Harlow, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorA. Baines, A. Baines GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Harlow, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Appleby, J. Appleby GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Harlow, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author J. Palmer, J. Palmer GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Harlow, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorR. Lai, R. Lai GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Harlow, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorN. Thomas, N. Thomas GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Harlow, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Bullman, J. Bullman GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Harlow, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorZ. Ali, Z. Ali GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Harlow, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorA. Baines, A. Baines GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Harlow, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Appleby, J. Appleby GlaxoSmithKline Research & Development, Harlow, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author First published: 12 January 2012 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-3801(09)60704-7Citations: 2Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume13, IssueS1September 2009Pages S202-S202 RelatedInformation

A Randomized, Controlled, Dose-ranging Study Investigating Single Doses of GW406381, Naproxen Sodium, or Placebo in Patients With Acute Pain After Third Molar Tooth Extraction

To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of 4 doses of GW406381, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, compared with placebo in a standard model of acute inflammatory pain. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center study compared single doses of GW406381 (10 to 70 mg) or naproxen sodium 550 mg with placebo in patients after extraction of 2 or more partially bony impacted third molar teeth. A total of 300 patients were randomized (50 per group). The primary efficacy variable was the pain relief intensity difference score at each time point, which was calculated as the sum of the pain intensity difference and pain relief categorical scores at each time point. Each treatment was compared with placebo at each time point using an ordered hierarchical approach with closed testing procedures and last observation carried forward imputation methods. Pain relief intensity differences from placebo were statistically significant beginning at 1.5 hours postdosing for GW406381 70 and 50 mg and at 2-hour postdosing for GW406381 25 and 10 mg. The median time to onset of analgesia was 71 minutes for GW406381 50 mg, 72 minutes for GW406381 70 mg, and 36 minutes for naproxen. The median duration of analgesia was 5.9 hours for GW406381 50 mg, 7.9 hours for GW406391 70 mg, and 11.3 hours for naproxen. All treatments were well tolerated. GW406381 50 and 70 mg demonstrated clinically meaningful analgesia in this acute pain setting, although the onset of analgesia was greater than 1 hour.

Sinus Floor Elevation From a Maxillary Molar Tooth Extraction Socket in a Patient With Chronic Inflammation

The compromised nature of the residual interradicular bone after extraction of periodontally hopeless maxillary molars often requires a sinus elevation procedure to ideally place the implants to accept future prosthesis. Maxillary sinus elevation surgery is a procedure used to increase the volume of bone mass so that dental implants can be placed. This article documents a sinus floor elevation technique through an extraction socket in a 65-year-old white male with chronic inflammation to increase the bone mass after the extraction of a periodontally involved maxillary molar tooth. Computerized tomography revealed an increased thickness of the sinus membrane, which was attributed to possible chronic sinus inflammation and periodontal inflammation. After consultation with the Department of Otolaryngology, it was diagnosed as chronic inflammation without any contraindication for sinus elevation surgery or implant placement. One month after the extraction, the sinus floor elevation surgery was performed through the extraction socket, and implants were placed 4 months later. An uneventful healing was noted after 6 months of osseointegration; two porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns were fabricated. Clinical follow-up took place every 3 months for 3 years, and successful healing was achieved. The patient was satisfied with the esthetic and functional results of the oral rehabilitation. Sinus floor elevation through an extraction socket without any residual bone, followed by dental implant placement, provided successful functional results and acceptable stability.

Are soldiers at increased risk of third molar symptoms when on operational tour in Iraq? A prospective cohort study

Introduction Acute pericoronitis is a painful, debilitating infection that is most commonly found among young adults with erupting mandibular third molars. Pathology related to third molar teeth represents a significant cause of morbidity for soldiers deploying on operations. Amongst British and American troops in the first Gulf War and on deployments to Bosnia and Kosovo, symptoms from third molars were the second most common cause of emergency dental attendances (1). Upper respiratory tract infections and stress are the important predisposing factors for pericoronitis (2, 3). The potential of dental emergencies to reduce combat effectiveness is a major concern to the U.S. Army; dental emergencies have been shown to loose duty time, decrease unit effectiveness, disrupt routine care and cause hindrance to the military mission (4). In the 1960s a policy of prophylactic removal of third molars in all military personnel was advocated (5). However, the benefits of preventing third molar pathology by prophylactic removal must be weighed against the risks of complications. These include pain, infection, bleeding, swelling, and permanent lingual nerve and inferior alvelolar nerve paraesthesia (6). Over the past decade, National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) (7) and Royal Colleges have published a number of guidelines on indications for the extraction of third molar teeth. (7, 8, 9). They advise not to remove asymptomatic teeth and to avoid prophylactic removal of lower third molars. These guidelines have led to a significant reduction in the number of referrals and the numbers of third molar teeth extracted in civilian practice (10). In general, these guidelines have been adopted by the Armed Forces. However, each case is assessed individually and the serviceman’s accessibility to dental care and the effects of the potential third molar pathology on their military duties are taking into consideration. To compare the incidence of third molar symptoms and assess if pre-deployment screening could be improved, we undertook a prospective cohort study between soldiers on operations in Iraq on Operation Telic (OP TELIC) with those stationed in the United Kingdom (UK). Northern Ireland (N. Ireland) was chosen to represent the UK as although it is still a theatre of operations, in the current political environment, a posting there gives a period of relative stability. No other units currently serving in the United Kingdom or Germany are likely to experience a similar period of uninterrupted time without being deployed elsewhere either on operations or on exercise. Correspondence to: Major J Breeze Trainee in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King’s College Hospital, London SE1 9RT Email johno_breeze@hotmail.co.uk 102 JR Army Med Corps 153(2): 102-104 102-104 Are Soldiers 26/7/07 13:55 Page 102

Histological and histochemical effects after occlusion alteration in suprahyoid muscles

This study verified the effect of unilateral teeth extraction on the suprahyoid muscles in gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus). Ten adult male gerbils weighing about 50 g had induced occlusal alterations by upper molar teeth extraction on the left side while the other ten animals were only subjected to surgical stress, control group. After 60 days, animals of both groups, experimental and control had the suprahyoid muscles removed and processed for histological and histochemical (adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), nicotine adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)) purposes. The fiber type area was estimated in % according to Weibel method (point-counting method) using a test-system. The myosinic ATPase pH 4.7 activity in the control group of the digastric, milohyoid and geniohyoid muscles presented a small area of type I fiber and a larger area of type IIa fibers; in the experimental group, significant contractile capacity alteration was not observed. Samples of the digastric, milohyoid and geniohyoid muscles, after SDH activity, showed a small area with high metabolic activity fibers, and a large area with intermediary and low metabolic activity fibers in the control group. The milohyoid muscle of the experimental group presented low metabolic fibers in a reduced area, in both sides, however without significant difference. In the experimental group, high metabolic fibers were observed on the left side in a reduced area in the geniohyoid muscle, but without statistical significance. Thus, the geniohyoid muscle did not change the metabolic activity after occlusal alteration. In conclusion, 60 days of unilateral malocclusion induced was able to alter the fibers oxidative activity of the suprahyoid muscles, however, it does not affect the contractile property of the fibers. The digastric muscle has adequate fibers to produce fast contraction and able to resist to fatigue in intermediate degrees, but became more fatigable after unilateral exodontia.

Effect of unilateral extraction of molar teeth on suprahyoid muscles: Macroscopic and ultrastructural aspects

Anatomical and physiologic components are parts of the stomatognathic system and their interaction results in integrated functional activities. Important alterations in the masticatory system originated by dental loss affect the bone, oral mucosa and muscular function. Dental arch structures specifically designed to receive and expose teeth allow performance of their functions. But the distinction between bony and soft tissues is lost when teeth are removed since there is not a specific function to be completed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the macroscopic and ultrastructural effects of the unilateral extraction of molar teeth on the suprahyoid muscles function, using twenty young male gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus) as the experimental animal model. They were divided in experimental malocclusion ( n = 10) and control ( n = 10) groups. The experimental malocclusion group was submitted to exodontia of the left upper molars and the control group was not submitted to this procedure and served as sham-operated. For macroscopic analysis of the suprahyoid muscle, the skin was uplifted and the muscles dissected individually and removed for weight analysis according to Scherle method. The electron microscopy analysis was made in ultra thin sections of small suprahyoid muscle fragments from the experimental and control groups, examined in a Jeol 1010, 880 Kv transmission electron microscope. Several micrographs at magnifications of 3000×, 6000×, 30,000× were randomly selected for the qualitative analysis of the muscle fiber ultrastructures. Sixty days after the induced unilateral occlusal alteration no macroscopic morphologic changes was detected in the suprahyoid muscles and the muscle volume differences between the right and left sides and between groups were not significant. However, in the ultrastructural analysis suprahyoid muscles showed characteristics of specific adaptation to the unilateral occlusal alteration, by the reduced density of subsarcolemmal mitochondria and the shorter and less numerous ramifications in intermyofibrilar mitochondria localized between electronlucid myofibrils. It is concluded that unilateral exodontia of all the upper left molars affect the ultrastructural morphology of suprahyoid muscle fibers.

Selection of instruments for the successful extraction of molar teeth: a pilot study

We report the result of a pilot study that was designed to test the effectiveness of a chart that gives advice about the choice of extraction instruments and the techniques necessary to remove molar teeth successfully. It was designed from experience gained from the extraction of several molar teeth under local anaesthesia, and includes 20 blocks that cover a combination of five clinical presentations of tooth decay with four clinical presentations of tooth mobility. Recent graduates who used the chart were able to extract more molar teeth successfully than those who did not, and its use can also reduce the amount of supervision time necessary without compromising the guidance required.

Perioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction

Perioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction

Morphological and histological effects on the medial pterygoid muscle after unilateral exodontia in gerbils

Morphological effects on the medial pterygoid muscle were evaluated in 20 male gerbils (average weight, 55 g) after occlusal alterations induced by extraction of left side molar teeth. Controls were only submitted to surgical stress. Sixty days after surgery, the groups were divided into two subgroups for the following studies: (1) observation of macroscopic morphology and vessels distribution ( n = 10); (2) light microscopy histological analysis ( n = 10). Group results were statistically compared using the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests, with a significant value of p < 0.05. Statistical differences in biometric data were found between the left and right sides of the experimental group ( p = 0.043), and between the left side of the control group when compared to the same side in the experimental group ( p = 0.044). Vessels supplied by bundles of the external carotid artery in the medial pterygoid muscle did not show distribution differences in group comparisons. Histological alterations were found in the ipsilateral side of the experimental group, with a central localization of the nucleus and degenerative aspect of the fibers, usually near to internal aponeurosis. Fiber diameters seemed reduced and the neuromuscular spindles were localized near internal aponeurosis and had a modified appearance. It is concluded that the medial pterygoid muscle in the gerbil is sensitive to alterations of the masticatory movements.

A Subanalgesic Dose of Morphine Eliminates Nalbuphine Anti-Analgesia in Postoperative Pain

The agonist-antagonist kappa-opioid nalbuphine administered for postoperative pain produces greater analgesia in females than in males. In fact, males administered nalbuphine (5 mg) experience pain greater than those receiving placebo, suggesting the existence of an anti-analgesic effect. These sexually dimorphic effects on postoperative pain can be eliminated by coadministration of a fixed ratio of the prototypical opioid receptor antagonist naloxone with nalbuphine, implying a role for opioid receptors in the anti-analgesic as well as analgesic effects of nalbuphine. In the present study, we further evaluated the role of opioid receptors in the sex-specific effects on pain produced by nalbuphine by coadministering a dose of morphine low enough that it does not produce analgesia. After extraction of bony impacted third molar teeth, nalbuphine (5 mg) was administered alone or in combination with either of 2 low doses of morphine (2 mg or 4 mg). Both doses of morphine reversed nalbuphine-induced anti-analgesia in males, but only the lower dose (2 mg) reached statistical significance. Neither dose affected nalbuphine-induced analgesia in females, and when administered alone in either males or females, morphine (2 mg) had no analgesic effect. Though not observed in females, the effect of morphine in males argues that, like naloxone, low-dose morphine may act as an anti-analgesia opioid receptor antagonist. Previously, we reported that the nalbuphine produces both analgesic and anti-analgesic effects and that the opioid antagonist naloxone can enhance nalbuphine analgesia by selectively antagonizing the anti-analgesic effect. Here we show that morphine, given in a subanalgesic dose, reverses nalbuphine-induced anti-analgesia in males, perhaps by a similar mechanism.

Indications for extraction of third molars: a review of 1763 cases

Third molars have been described as different from other teeth in the oral cavity. They have the highest rate of developmental abnormalities and, most importantly, are last in the eruption sequence. We investigated reasons for third molar teeth extraction in patients attending the outpatient oral surgery clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. A retrospective review of patients who had third molar extractions between January 2001 and June 2006 was conducted. Data retrieved and analysed were: age and sex of patients, indication for extractions, type of teeth extracted, technique of extractions (surgical and non-surgical) and angulations of impaction in case of impacted lower third molars. A total of 1763 patients (mean age +/-SD, 33.74+/- 13.3 years; range 15 - 92 years) had their third molars extracted during the period. Majority (58%) of them were females. Surgical extraction was carried out in 506 (28.7%) patients while 1257 (71.3%) patients had non-surgical extractions. Caries and its sequela (63.2%) was the major reason for teeth extraction followed by recurrent pericoronitis (26.3%) and periodontitis (9.2%). Only 11 (0.6%) cases were removed for prophylactic reason. Patients who had their teeth removed for caries were significantly younger than those for periodontitis (P=0.000) but older than those for pericoronitis (P=0.000). Caries and periodontal diseases occurring in relatively older age group were the major reasons for non-surgical extraction of third molars while recurrent pericoronitis occurring in relatively younger age was the major reason for surgical extraction of impacted third molars. Prophylactic surgical extraction of third molars is not a common practice in our environment.

Orbital Cellulitis With Subperisoteal Abscess Secondary to Dental Extraction

Purpose: We report a case of orbital cellulitis with subperiosteal abscess secondary to dental extraction. Case summary: A 55-year-old man presented to the emergency department with severe erythematous, painful swelling of the left periorbital area and the upper cheek after extraction of the left maxillary molar and premolar teeth. Computed tomography scan demonstrated marked periorbital inflammation and medial displacement of the left lateral rectus muscle by subperiosteal abscess extending along the lateral orbital wall. After a 10-day course of intravenous broad spectrum antibiotics and a 7-day course of oral prednisolone, he achieved complete resolution of all clinical symptoms and signs. Conclusions: Physicians should keep in mind that orbital complications may occur after oral surgery. A high level of suspicion in a patient with preceptal signs and a history of recent tooth infection or extraction is needed to avoid missing a diagnosis.

Maxillary Tuberosity Fracture Associated with First Molar Extraction: A Case Report

Maxillary tuberosity fractures during molar teeth extraction can occur commonly in dental practice; however, very few cases are reported and discussed in the literature. This article presents a case of large fracture of maxillary tuberosity during extraction of first maxillary molar tooth and its conservative treatment outcomes.

Poster 026: Infratemporal Fossa Abscesses Following Surgical Treatment of Mandibular Osteomyelitis: Report of 2 Cases

Statement of the Problem: We report two cases of infratemporal fossa abscesses that following amputation of mandibular osteomyelitis including the condyle. Materials and Methods: Case 1: A 46 year-old female patient with an abscess in the left buccal region was referred to our department in Nov 2000. She has been under steroid therapy for SLE since 1993. Due to osteomyelytis, the left and right sides of the mandible had been amputated between 2001 and 2003.At the same time, osteomyelitis was also found in both sides of the maxilla. The infection was controled by five operations and the patient was managed with antibiotics therapy. On Jan.16, 2006, the patient complained a headache, a consciousness disorder and nausea and was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery at our university hospital. An abscess in the right temporal lobe was found and the patient was referred to our department for the drainage of the right infratemporal fossa abscess. On March.11, 2006, she was discharged from the hospital and is now followed up with regular control visit. Case 2: A 76 year-old female was referred to our department in Aug 2004, with a right submental abscess. After the extraction of a right mandibular molar tooth in June 2004, osteomyelitis of the right mandible was observed. She was treated by amputation of the right side of the mandible, and managed with antibiotics therapy. In Dec 2006, an abscess was found in the right infratemporal fossa on MR image. A drainage operation was done under general anesthesia. The patient is currently on a follow up regime consisting of regular control visits. Method of Data Analysis: none Results: Two cases of osteomyelitis were seen that extended to the infratemporal fossa following amputation of mandibular osteomyelitis including the condyle. Conclusion: A search of the English literature on Medline from 1980 to 2007 disclosed only 2 reports 1, 2 of infratemporal fossa abscess following oral surgery. However, it has been reported that between 3% and 13% of the cerebral abscesses are associated with oral infection or dental procedures 3. The severity of the complications described above demonstrates that patients, who underwent surgical treatment for osteomyelitis, should be put on a regular follow up scheme, giving special considerations to abscess formation at the other region including the infratemporal fossa. References

Extraction of first permanent molar teeth: results from three dental hospitals

To evaluate and compare the reasons for and pattern of extraction of first permanent molars (FPMs) in three UK dental hospitals. Prospective multicentre study. Hospital. Three hundred children attending Manchester Dental Hospital, Liverpool Dental Hospital and Charles Clifford Dental Hospital (Sheffield) who required extraction of at least one FPM. The mean age in months was 129 (SD 22.7), 139 (SD 29.4), and 133 (SD 26.8) for Manchester, Liverpool and Sheffield respectively. Forty-five percent and 48% of children had four FPMs extracted at Manchester and Sheffield respectively, compared to 25% in Liverpool. The main reason for extraction was caries with poor prognosis (70%); molar incisor hypomineralisation was the reason for extraction in 11% of cases. General anaesthesia was the main anaesthetic method used in 77%, 55%, and 47% of cases in Manchester, Liverpool and Sheffield respectively. Sixty-eight percent of cases had not received previous treatment for the FPMs and 5% had fissure sealants detected. Forty percent of children had had previous extractions. The children who are attending the hospitals for extraction of FPMs tend to be older than the recommended age for achieving spontaneous space closure. This study highlights the need for extensive prevention programs targeted at those children with high caries risk.

Perioperative auricular electroacupuncture has no effect on pain and analgesic consumption after third molar tooth extraction

BACKGROUND:Auricular acupuncture (AA) has been shown to alleviate acute and chronic pain. We investigated the effects of auricular electroacupuncture (AE) on pain and analgesic drug consumption in the first 48 h after unilateral mandibular third molar tooth extraction under local anesthesia in a pro

Proliferative Activity, Apoptosis, and Histogenesis in the Early Stages of Rat Tooth Extraction Wound Healing

We examined the proliferative activity, apoptosis, and histogenesis in the early stages of the rat healing socket from just after extraction until new bone formation occurs. Thirty 11-week-old male Wistar rats underwent bilateral maxillary first molar tooth extraction. Five craniomaxillary tissue specimens were dissected at the following time points: at 12 h, days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 after surgery. The immunohistochemical expression of both proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the Ki67 counterpart of rodent (MIB5) for proliferative activity and both the TUNEL reaction and the immunohistochemical expression of single-strand DNA for apoptosis were evaluated using 6-µm-thick serial paraffin sections, which were prepared in the coronal plane. The positive cell counts in the socket were converted into the cell numbers per mm² as either the proliferative index (PI) or the apoptotic index (AI). The PI and the AI showed maximum levels at 5 days and 12 h after extraction, respectively. The proliferative activity in the early stages of extraction wound healing is initially distributed in the remaining periodontium with load-induced apoptosis, next in the proliferative fibrous tissue, and then around the trabeculae of the new bone marking its peak.