Antioxidant Activity Of Extracts Research Articles

The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract in roots, stems, and leaves of three commercial Cymbopogon species

BackgroundCymbopogon is a member of the family Poaceae and has been explored for its phytochemicals and bioactivities. Although the antimicrobial activities of Cymbopogon spp. extracts have been extensively studied, comprehensive analyses are required to identify promising compounds for the treatment of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, this study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Cymbopogon spp. ethanolic extracts in every single organ.MethodsEthanolic extracts were obtained from three Indonesian commercial species of Cymbopogon spp., namely Cymbopogon citratus (L.) Rendle, Cymbopogon nardus (DC.) Spatf., and Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt. The leaf, stem, and root extracts were evaluated via metabolite profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In silico and in vitro analyses were used to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the Cymbopogon spp. ethanolic extracts. In addition, bioactivity was measured using cytotoxicity assays. Antioxidant assays were performed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) to determine toxicity to Huh7it-1 cells using a tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of these extracts was evaluated against Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli using a well diffusion assay.ResultsGC–MS analysis revealed 53 metabolites. Of these, 2,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- phenol (27.87%), alpha-cadinol (26.76%), and 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-benzene (20.56%) were the predominant compounds. C. winterianus and C. nardus leaves exhibited the highest antioxidant activity against DPPH and ABTS, respectively. Contrastingly, the MTT assay showed low cytotoxicity. C. nardus leaf extract exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, whereas C. winterianus stem extract showed the highest activity against B. substilis. Furthermore, computational pathway analysis predicted that antimicrobial activity mechanisms were related to antioxidant activity.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that the leaves had strong antioxidant activity, whereas both the leaves and stems showed great antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, all Cymbopogon spp. ethanolic extracts showed low toxicity. These findings provide a foundation for future studies that assess the clinical safety of Cymbopogon spp. as novel drug candidates.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Extracts from Cashew Apple, Mango Peel and Kernel, Agricultural by-products Collected in Northern Côte d'Ivoire

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Extracts from Cashew Apple, Mango Peel and Kernel, Agricultural by-products Collected in Northern Côte d'Ivoire

Development and antioxidant evaluation of mango leaf (Mangifera indica L.) extract loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

The main antioxidant polyphenol compounds in the mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaf extract are susceptible to environmental degradations. Thus, in biomedical applications, the mango leaf extract is commonly encapsulated in a carrier. However, most studies employed the synthetic carrier materials that could affect the human health, and the complicated formulation procedure that could hinder the scalability. Therefore, this work, for the first time, explored the use of silk fibroin (an FDA-approved biomaterial), in nanoparticles platform, to encapsulate and deliver the mango leaf extract, utilizing the simple coacervation preparation method. Initially, the mango leaf ethanolic extract was obtained through maceration, resulting in a total phenolic content of 76.39 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g DPW and a notably high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 6.872 ± 0.512 μg/mL). Subsequently, silk fibroin nanoparticles loaded with the extract were developed by the coacervation technique. Depending on the fibroin content, these nanoparticles exhibited an appropriate size range of 500–800 nm with narrow size distributions, a spherical shape with smooth surfaces, a dominant silk-II crystalline structure, a drug entrapment efficiency exceeding 70%, and retained the main biomarker mangiferin. Moreover, the phenolic-compounds release profiles from the particles followed the three-step process, the first burst-release step, the second sustained-release step, and the third degradation step. The particles were also non-toxic to the erythrocytes and the human embryonic kidney HEK-293 cell line. Lastly, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay demonstrated that the antioxidant activity of the mango leaf extract was preserved within the extract-loaded nanoparticles. The results suggested that the silk fibroin nanoparticles could be a potential platform to effectively encapsulate and deliver the mango leaf extract for biomedical purposes.

Assessment of Pomegranate Peel and Seeds extracts antiviral potential and antioxidant activity against HAV and HSV-1 virus models and related In Silico computational study

Assessment of Pomegranate Peel and Seeds extracts antiviral potential and antioxidant activity against HAV and HSV-1 virus models and related In Silico computational study

Effects Vitis vinifera Leaves on the Oxidative Status of New Zealand Rabbit Liver Infected with Eimeria stiedae

Background: Rabbits are the most important protein sources of animals for humans all over the world. Its production has increased significantly in recent years and it has become one of the most important animal sources in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Coccidiosis is one of the most dangerous diseases affecting rabbits and other animals causing global economic losses. Plant extracts have been used as potential alternatives to chemotherapy because they do not have the negative consequences of tissue deposits and drug resistance. Methods: The current study examined the antioxidant activity of Vitis vinifera leaf extract (VVLE) in New Zealand rabbits infected with Eimeria stiedae. The extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis by FT-IR. A total of 35 male New Zealand rabbits were divided into seven groups. Group 1 served as the uninfected, untreated (negative control) group. Group 2 uninfected and treated at 400 mg/kg of extract to test for toxicity. Group 3 represented the infected, non-treated (positive control) group. While, groups 4, 5 and 6 comprised infected treated with at100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of extracts, respectively. Finally, group 7 consisted of infected rabbits treated with Toltrazuril at a dosage of 5 mg/kg body weight. Result: The analysis of phytochemicals by FT-IR for Vitis vinifera leaf extract revealed the existence of 15 biologically active compounds. VVLE was able to decrease the induced weight loss due to infection. Moreover, the oxidative status due to E. stiedae infection had been changed after treatment with VVLE where the level of glutathione, malondialdehyde and nitric oxide was improved indicating the antioxidant activity of the VVLE. Our findings suggested that VVLE could boost the induced oxidative stress in the liver of infected New Zealand rabbits, but studies are needed to determine the mechanism of VVLE.

Enzyme inhibiting, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of peel, pulp and seed extracts from dau Ha Chau (Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.) fruit of Vietnam

Dau Ha Chau (DHC) was produced by selecting and growing native kinds of Baccaurea ramiflora Lour. in Vietnam, where the fruit is utilized for fresh eating not only due to its distinctive sour-sweet flavor, but also because of its vitamins and minerals for the body. With the aim to enhance the value of this fruit, the peel, pulp, and seed extracts were determined antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic activities. The filtrates from ethanol extract of peel and seed powders and fruit juice from squeezing pulp were evaporated at 58°C to create the extracts. The six methods of TAC, DPPH, ABTS•+, RP, FRAP, and NO• (antioxidant activities), four bacterial strains and two enzymes (associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus) were evaluated. The results showed that the extract of DHC peel exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (EC50 value from the six methods), antibacterial activity (MIC value), enzyme inhibiting activity (IC50 value), total phenolics content and total flavonoids content, at 643.81 µg/mL, 787.42 µg/mL, 651.10 µg/mL, 718.22 µg/mL, 270.38 µg/mL, 662.44 µg/mL, 16 < MIC ≤ 32 mg/mL (against Propionibacterium acnes, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus), 32 < MIC ≤ 64 mg/mL (against Staphylococcus aureus), 2780.91 µg/mL (against α-amylase), 541.24 µg/mL (against α-glucosidase), 119.43 mg GAE/g and 207.17 mg QE/g, respectively, whereas the opposite was true for extract of DHC seed. DHC pulp extract came second in all analytical methods. Pearson correlation coefficients with r value (0.63-0.99) showed a reasonably strong relationship between total phenolics and flavonoids contents, and antioxidant and enzyme inhibiting activities. This is the first report on the antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic activities of DHC Ha Chau fruit extracts, which could be developed for medicinal, pharmaceutical, food preservative purposes, or industrial foods in the future.

Study of essential oils and hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from Clinopodium vimineum (Lamiaceae), according to its different phenological stages

ABSTRACT The Caribbean shrub, Clinopodium vimineum, had its essential oil (EO) and hydroalcoholic extracts analyzed across three growth stages: vegetative, flowering, and post-flowering. The chemical composition of the EOs was analyzed by GC/MS/FID and that of the extracts was studied by UHPLC/ESI-Q-Orbitrap-MS. Twenty six compounds (>0.1%) were detected in the EOs of C. vimineum. p-Menth-3-en-8-ol (35–40%) and pulegone (27–30%) were the major components. Among the hydroalcoholic extracts, hydroxycinnamic acids (18–46 mg/g) and glycosylated flavones (17–19 mg/g) were found. The amounts of rosmarinic acid (20–40 mg/g) in the extracts isolated from the hydrodistillation residual biomass were twice as high as those in the extracts from the fresh plant material. The antioxidant activity of the EOs and extracts was evaluated by the ABTS+• and ORAC assays. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in the chemical composition or antioxidant activity of EOs and hydroalcoholic extracts, obtained from plants collected at different phenological stages.

Synthesis, Characterization, Phytochemistry, and Therapeutic Potential of Azadirachta indica Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Study on Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties.

Nanotechnology has become a major topic of study, particularly in the medical and health domains. Because nanomedicine has a higher recovery rate than other conventional drugs, it has attracted more attention. Green synthesis is the most efficient and sustainable method of creating nanoparticles. The current work used ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, and X-ray diffraction to thoroughly characterize the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Azadirachta indica leaf extract. Characterization confirmed the synthesis of the AgNPs along with the possible linkage of the phytochemicals with the silver as well as the quantitative analysis and nature of NPs. The antioxidant activity of AgNPs and neem extract was measured by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay using various concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100µg/ml). Additionally, using diabetic mice that had been given alloxan, the in vivo antidiabetic potential of biosynthesized AgNPs was assessed. Eight groups of mice were used to assess the antidiabetic activity: one control group and seven experimental groups (untreated, extract-treated, AgNPs at low and high doses, standard drug, low dose of AgNPs + drug, and high dose of AgNPs + drug). At days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28, blood glucose levels and body weight were measured. After 28days, the mice were dissected, and the liver, kidney, and pancreas were examined histologically. The results depicted that the AgNPs showed higher (significant) radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 35.2µg/ml) than extract (IC50 = 93.0µg/ml) and ascorbic acid (IC50 = 64.6µg/ml). The outcomes demonstrated that biosynthesized AgNPs had a great deal of promise as an antidiabetic agent and exhibited remarkable effects in diabetic mice given AgNPs, extract, and drug. Remarkable improvement in the body weight and blood glucose level of mice treated with high doses of AgNPs and drug was observed. The body weight and blood glucose level of diabetic mice treated with a high dose of AgNPs + standard drug showed significant improvement, going from 28.7 ± 0.2 to 35.6 ± 0.3g and 248 ± 0.3 to 109 ± 0.1mg/dl, respectively. Significant regeneration was also observed in the histomorphology of the kidney, liver's central vein, and islets of Langerhans after treatment with biosynthesized AgNPs. Diabetic mice given a high dose of AgNPs and drug displayed architecture of the kidney, liver, and pancreas that was nearly identical to that of the control group. According to the current research, biosynthesized AgNPs have strong antioxidant and antidiabetic potential and may eventually provide a less expensive option for the treatment of diabetes.

Characterization of Selected Microalgae Species as Potential Sources of Nutrients and Antioxidants

Microalgae are exceptional organisms from a nutritional perspective, boasting an array of bioactive compounds that have long justified their incorporation into human diets. In this study, we explored the potential of five microalgae species: Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis chuii, Chaetoceros muelleri, Thalassiosira weissflogii, and Tisochrysis lutea. We conducted comprehensive analyses of their nutritional profiles, encompassing protein content, individual amino acid composition, mineral and trace element levels, fatty acid profiles (including saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)), polyphenol compositions, and vitamin B content. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts was evaluated using two methods: ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assay. The total protein content of the microalgae ranged from 34.09 ± 0.39% to 42.45 ± 0.18%, with the highest concentration observed in T. weissflogii. Essential amino acids such as histidine, threonine, lysine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and methionine were present in concentrations ranging from 0.53 ± 0.02 to 12.55 ± 2.21 g/16 g N. Glutamic acid emerged as the most abundant amino acid, with concentrations ranging from 6.73 ± 0.82 to 12.55 ± 2.21 g/16 g N. Among the microalgae species, T. chuii exhibited the highest concentrations of calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn), while C. muelleri showed prominence in magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and iron (Fe). T. weissflogii stood out for its potassium (K) content, and T. lutea contained notable amounts of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb). Regarding fatty acid profiles, Nannochloropsis sp. and T. chuii were predominantly composed of SFA, while C. muelleri and T. weissflogii were rich in MUFA. PUFAs dominated the fatty acid profile of T. lutea, which also exhibited the most diverse range of polyphenolic substances. We also analyzed the B vitamin content, with T. lutea displaying the highest concentrations of niacin (B3) and riboflavin (B2). Antioxidant activity was confirmed for all microalgae tested using DPPH and ABTS radical IC50 (mg/mL) converted to Trolox equivalent (TEAC). These findings underscore the substantial potential of the examined microalgae species as sources of biologically valuable substances characterized by rapid growth and relatively undemanding cultivation conditions.

Characterization of Selected Microalgae Species as Potential Sources of Nutrients and Antioxidants.

Microalgae are exceptional organisms from a nutritional perspective, boasting an array of bioactive compounds that have long justified their incorporation into human diets. In this study, we explored the potential of five microalgae species: Nannochloropsis sp., Tetraselmis chuii, Chaetoceros muelleri, Thalassiosira weissflogii, and Tisochrysis lutea. We conducted comprehensive analyses of their nutritional profiles, encompassing protein content, individual amino acid composition, mineral and trace element levels, fatty acid profiles (including saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)), polyphenol compositions, and vitamin B content. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extracts was evaluated using two methods: ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assay. The total protein content of the microalgae ranged from 34.09 ± 0.39% to 42.45 ± 0.18%, with the highest concentration observed in T. weissflogii. Essential amino acids such as histidine, threonine, lysine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and methionine were present in concentrations ranging from 0.53 ± 0.02 to 12.55 ± 2.21 g/16 g N. Glutamic acid emerged as the most abundant amino acid, with concentrations ranging from 6.73 ± 0.82 to 12.55 ± 2.21 g/16 g N. Among the microalgae species, T. chuii exhibited the highest concentrations of calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn), while C. muelleri showed prominence in magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and iron (Fe). T. weissflogii stood out for its potassium (K) content, and T. lutea contained notable amounts of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb). Regarding fatty acid profiles, Nannochloropsis sp. and T. chuii were predominantly composed of SFA, while C. muelleri and T. weissflogii were rich in MUFA. PUFAs dominated the fatty acid profile of T. lutea, which also exhibited the most diverse range of polyphenolic substances. We also analyzed the B vitamin content, with T. lutea displaying the highest concentrations of niacin (B3) and riboflavin (B2). Antioxidant activity was confirmed for all microalgae tested using DPPH and ABTS radical IC50 (mg/mL) converted to Trolox equivalent (TEAC). These findings underscore the substantial potential of the examined microalgae species as sources of biologically valuable substances characterized by rapid growth and relatively undemanding cultivation conditions.

Investigation of in vitro biological activity of young Hordeum vulgare leaf in correlation with its bioactive compounds.

Young shoots of cereals are widely regarded as superfoods with health benefits attributed to their potential antioxidant activity and antioxidant-related effects (e.g. anticancer). The current study aimed to examine the chemical characteristics of Hordeum vulgare methanolic and aqueous extracts and assess their antioxidant activity using the DDPH and ORAC. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of xanthine oxidase was screened. TLC bioautography was employed to determine the polarity of the compounds present in the extracts that exhibited the most potent free radical scavenging activity. Total flavonoid content of the methanolic and aqueous extracts was 0.14mgQE/g and 0.012mgQE/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract was found to be more potent, with a value of 0.97 ± 0.13mmolTE/g than the aqueous extract which had no activity. This study presents novel findings on the xanthine inhibitory activity of H. vulgare. The methanolic extract demonstrated moderate inhibition of xanthine oxidase with a value of 23.24%. The results of our study were compared with the phytochemical and pharmacological analysis of Triticum aestivum, and further comparison was made with the data reported in the literature. Inconsistencies were observed in the chemical and pharmacological properties of H. vulgare, which could be a result of using herbal material harvested in different vegetative phases and various methods used for extraction. The findings of our study indicate that the timing of the harvest and extraction method may play crucial role in attaining the optimal phytochemical composition of H. vulgare, hence enhancing its pharmacological activity.

Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Extracts Obtained from α-Pinene-Containing Plants and Their Use in Cosmetic Emulsions

α-Pinene is the bicyclic, unsaturated terpene hydrocarbon present in many plants. Due to its beneficial chemical properties, this compound is of great interest and has found numerous applications as a raw material in many chemical industries as well as in medicine and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts obtained from plants containing α-pinene and to test the properties of cosmetic emulsions prepared with these extracts. The raw plant materials consisted of fresh parts of Pinus sylvestris L., such as cones, needles, and branches, as well as dried unground and ground pinecones; dried and fresh Rosmarinus officinalis leaves; dried Levisticum officinale leaves; and dried Salvia officinalis L. leaves. The plant materials were individually extracted with 40% (v/v), 70% (v/v), and 96% (v/v) ethanol using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for 15, 30, or 60 min. This method is a green extraction technique, frequently applied to isolate active substances from plants. For the selected plant materials, Soxhlet extraction with 96% (v/v) ethanol was also performed. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the components in the selected extracts were performed with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated with the DPPH and ABTS methods. The extracts of three plant materials with the highest antioxidant activities—dried Rosmarinus officinalis leaves, dried Salvia officinalis L. leaves, and dried and ground Pinus sylvestris L. cones—were selected to be incorporated in cosmetic emulsions containing glyceryl monostearate and Olivem 1000 as emulsifiers. The stabilities and antioxidant activities of the emulsions were evaluated. Moreover, the antimicrobial properties of the emulsions using microbiological tests were also determined. The findings suggest that the prepared emulsions are stable cosmetic products with a high antioxidant potential.

Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Composition of Different Monofloral and Polyfloral Brazilian Honey Extracts.

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of phenolic extracts from monofloral and polyfloral honey samples obtained from different Brazilian regions. The chemical composition (total content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids) of extracts were measured by using colorimetric assays and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC-DAD). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by chemical and biochemical assays (reducing power assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic) acid (ABTS•+) scavenger assays. It was also investigated the ability of extracts in attenuate lipid peroxidation induced by Fe2+ in phospholipids. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that the botanical origin and geographical region of honey collection influenced the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts. Furthermore, the samples were constituted by phenolic acids and flavonoids, which p-coumaric acid was predominant among the compounds identified. All samples were able to scavenge free radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation, and good correlations were obtained between the flavonoid content and honey color. In conclusion, the obtained extracts were constituted by antioxidant compounds, which reinforce the usage of honey in human diets, and demonstrated that the region of honey collection strong influenced in the chemical composition and, consequently, its biological effect.

Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Extracts Obtained from α-Pinene-Containing Plants and Their Use in Cosmetic Emulsions

α-Pinene is the bicyclic, unsaturated terpene hydrocarbon present in many plants. Due to its beneficial chemical properties, this compound is of great interest and has found numerous applications as a raw material in many chemical industries as well as in medicine and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts obtained from plants containing α-pinene and to test the properties of cosmetic emulsions prepared with these extracts. The raw plant materials consisted of fresh parts of Pinus sylvestris L., such as cones, needles, and branches, as well as dried unground and ground pinecones; dried and fresh Rosmarinus officinalis leaves; dried Levisticum officinale leaves; and dried Salvia officinalis L. leaves. The plant materials were individually extracted with 40% (v/v), 70% (v/v), and 96% (v/v) ethanol using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for 15, 30, or 60 min. This method is a green extraction technique, frequently applied to isolate active substances from plants. For the selected plant materials, Soxhlet extraction with 96% (v/v) ethanol was also performed. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the components in the selected extracts were performed with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated with the DPPH and ABTS methods. The extracts of three plant materials with the highest antioxidant activities—dried Rosmarinus officinalis leaves, dried Salvia officinalis L. leaves, and dried and ground Pinus sylvestris L. cones—were selected to be incorporated in cosmetic emulsions containing glyceryl monostearate and Olivem 1000 as emulsifiers. The stabilities and antioxidant activities of the emulsions were evaluated. Moreover, the antimicrobial properties of the emulsions using microbiological tests were also determined. The findings suggest that the prepared emulsions are stable cosmetic products with a high antioxidant potential.

Effectiveness of Calina Papaya Leaf Ethanol Extract on The Red Blood Profile of Wistar Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Cigarette smoke is a source of exogenous free radicals that can affect the blood. Calina Papaya leaves contain secondary metabolites that act as antioxidants. The purpose of the study was to analyze the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Calina Papaya leaves using DPPH method and to analyze the difference in red blood profile of wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke after administration of Calina Papaya Leaves Ethanol Extract (CPLEE). The research method used 24 wistar rats with oral administration of CPLEE for 23 days and exposure to cigarette smoke for 15 days. There are 4 treatments, namely rats not exposed to cigarette smoke and given distilled water (K), rats exposed to cigarette smoke (KN), rats given CPLEE 100 mg/Kg BW then exposed to cigarette smoke (P1) and rats given CPLEE 200 mg/Kg BW then exposed to cigarette smoke (P2). Parameters observed were red blood profile (erythrocyte number, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW). Blood was collected through the orbital sinus and analyzed using a hematology analyzer. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range Test (P<0.05). The results showed the IC50 value of the extract was 1,194.1 ppm while ascorbic acid was 22.92 ppm. The number of erythrocytes, MCV, MCH and RDW showed significant differences between groups with the highest treatment in P1. The conclusion shows that the antioxidant activity of CPLEE is very weak compared to ascorbic acid but the red blood profile (erythrocytes, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW) in treatment P1 is higher than other treatments.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Alcoholic Stem Bark Extracts of Kaya Senegalensis (Desv) A. Juss., in Human Urinary Infections

Urinary infections constitute a public health problem today and the responsible germs increasingly express their strong resistance to common antimicrobials. The use of plants or plant products in fight against these pathologies are considered to be a goood alternative. The objective of this study is to determine in vitro antioxidant power and antibacterial activity of aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts 70% of stem bark of Kaya senegalensis (Meliaceae) on clinical strains of E.coli and Staphylococcus spp. urinary infections and on two reference strains. The antioxidant activity was demonstrated by the ABTS radical cation trapping method using trolox as a reference. Sensitivity of strains to the two extracts and antibacterial parameters which are minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined respectively by punch well method in Mueller Hinton agar and liquid dilution method. Both extracts expressed a strong antioxidant power around 50 μmol TE/L of extract. The MICs varied from 6.25 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL for aqueous extract and from 6.25 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL for hydro-ethanolic extract. For all the strains MBC was identical to the MIC indicating that the two extracts have bactericidal power on the strains excluding the reference strain of S.aureus. These results suggest that K. senegalensis could be an alternative in the fight against urinary infections.

Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of bark extracts of the wild elephant tree from the Northern Region of Madagascar: Sclerocarya birrea

Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of bark extracts of the wild elephant tree from the Northern Region of Madagascar: Sclerocarya birrea

Enzyme-free method for preparation of sturgeon extracts with antioxidant, hepatoprotective and immune-enhancing functions

Sturgeon has a long lifespan and slow evolutionary rate due to their powerful endogenous antioxidant system. This work aimed to assess the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of sturgeon extracts from both muscle and roe. The extraction process without enzyme hydrolysis is not only simple, but also can produce extracts with better free radicals scavenging abilities than enzymatic hydrolysates in both cellular and in vivo experiments. Moreover, in mouse models with liver injury and immunosuppression treatment, the sturgeon extracts demonstrated strong hepatoprotective and immune-enhancing functions, comparable to vitamin C and ginseng extract supplements, which were attributed to abundant antioxidant peptides of the extracts. The 15 isolated peptides exhibited diverse free radical scavenging ability. Therefore, the sturgeon extracts showed high potential to be applied in food and biomedical industries.

Phytochemical Test and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extract of Marigold Flower

Natural medicines are increasingly in demand for safety reasons and are believed to be able to cure certain diseases. Literacy reveals that the marigold flower (Tagetes erecta L.) has medicinal potential as an antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogen. This research aimed to identify marigold flower aqueous extract's phytochemical content and antioxidant activity. The method used in this exploratory research was the maceration of marigold flower simplicia using distilled water for 24 hours, followed by evaporation to obtain marigold flower aqueous extract. Then, phytochemical screening and antioxidant bioactivity tests were carried out using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The results of phytochemical screening showed that marigold flower water extract contained flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and tannins. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity test obtained an IC50 value of 50.77 ppm. From these results, it can be concluded that the aqueous extract of marigold flowers has medicinal potential with vigorous antioxidant activity.

Anti-Inflammatory, Antidiabetic, and Antioxidant Properties of Extracts Prepared from Pinot Noir Grape Marc, Free and Incorporated in Porous Silica-Based Supports.

This study presents properties of hydroethanolic extracts prepared from Pinot Noir (PN) grape pomace through conventional, ultrasound-assisted or solvothermal extraction. The components of the extracts were identified by HPLC. The total content of polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and condensed tannins, as well as antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of extracts were evaluated using UV-vis spectroscopy. All extracts were rich in phenolic compounds, proving a good radical scavenging activity. The extract obtained by conventional extraction at 80 °C showed the best α-glucosidase inhibitory activity close to that of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate. To improve the chemical stability of polyphenols, the chosen extract was incorporated in porous silica-based supports: amine functionalized silica (MCM-NH2), fucoidan-coated amine functionalized silica (MCM-NH2-Fuc), MCM-41, and diatomite. The PN extract exhibited moderate activity against Gram-positive S. aureus (MIC = 156.25 μg/mL) better than against Gram-negative E. coli (MIC = 312.5 μg/mL). The biocompatibility of PN extract, free and incorporated in MCM-NH2 and MCM-NH2-Fuc, was assessed on RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells, and the samples showcased a good cytocompatibility at 10 µg/mL concentration. At this concentration, PN and PN@MCM-NH2-Fuc reduced the inflammation by inhibiting NO production. The anti-inflammatory potential against COX and LOX enzymes of selected samples was evaluated and compared with that of Indomethacin and Zileuton, respectively. The best anti-inflammatory activity was observed when PN extract was loaded on MCM-NH2-Fuc support.