Antioxidant Of Extracts Research Articles

Evaluation of Whitening Effects and Identification of Potentially Active Compounds Based on Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis in Different Chrysanthemum Cultivar Extracts

Chrysanthemum is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. Chrysanthemum extracts are rich in bioactive compounds; however, there are few reports evaluating the whitening effects of organic chrysanthemum extracts. This study assessed the antioxidant and whitening effects of organic extracts from the petals of five chrysanthemum cultivars from Guangdong, China. Significant differences were observed among the five cultivars across various parameters, including IC50 values for tyrosinase inhibition activity, DPPH and ABTS values, UV absorption, and SPF values. Additionally, there were notable variations in total flavonoid, total phenolic, and chlorogenic acid contents. The BJ cultivar extract exhibited strong antioxidant capacity and superior whitening effects, containing the highest levels of total flavonoids, total phenolics, and chlorogenic acid. Correlation analysis indicated a significant relationship between total flavonoid content and IC50 of DPPH, and between chlorogenic acid and both IC50 of ABTS and SPF. Untargeted metabolomic analysis of three representative cultivars (BJ, WYHJ, and JSHJ) identified 22 compounds potentially related to antioxidant and whitening effects. Compounds significantly correlated with multiple antioxidant or whitening indicators (p < 0.05, r > 0.8) included tangeritin, hydroquinone, eupatilin, quercetin 3-(6″-malonyl-glucoside), biochanin A, and cyanidin 3-glucoside. These compounds may play crucial roles in the antioxidant and whitening effects of chrysanthemum extracts. The results highlight the promising antioxidant and whitening properties of chrysanthemum extracts, with certain genotypes, such as BJ, showing potential as superior raw material sources.

Influences of Processing Methods on Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) Wine Quality

ABSTRACT Elderberry fruit is available in the market and is becoming more popular. However, winemaking techniques are under-studied with this fruit. This study aimed to determine the impact of three processing methods on elderberry wine quality. The methods were: No extended maceration followed by hot water treatment (EC0); 2 days of cold soak maceration followed by hot water (EC2) and boiled elderberry (EB) fruits before alcoholic fermentation. The results indicated that although the treatments did not cause significant differences in ethanol, glycerol, total acidity, volatile acidity and tannins, wine pHs were influenced by the treatments. Besides influencing the pH, EB treatment produced darker elderberry wine, whereas, EC2 wine had the lightest color. Treatments also influenced the final wine monophenol profiles and antioxidant capabilities. EB wine had the highest total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activities. EC2 wine had a significantly higher amount of total hydroxycinnamates compared to EC0 but was not different from EB-treated wine. The wine antioxidant capacities were significantly lower than in musts but were not different between treatments. Cold maceration in EC2 did not help the extraction of antioxidants in elderberry wine. The results indicated that heating through boiling might help disrupt fruit cells and assist in the extraction of anthocyanins. Cold soak enhanced certain compounds in elderberry wines. This research provided information for elderberry fruit wine fermentation with general processing methods.

Development and study of the nutritional value and storage stability of a soft cottage cheese product enriched with collagen and antioxidant-rich plant extracts

This study investigates the development of a novel soft cottage cheese product enriched with collagen concentrate from poultry processing by-products and antioxidant-rich plant extracts for the adaptive nutrition of athletes. Collagen concentrate was obtained from chicken skin, bone tissue, and feet through enzymatic hydrolysis and freeze-drying. Antioxidant-rich extracts were prepared from sea buckthorn and cinnamon rosehip using ethanol extraction. The plant extract demonstrated high antioxidant potential, containing 1.98% phenolic compounds, 29.8 mg/100g vitamin A, 48.9 mg/100g vitamin E, and 756.4 mg/100g vitamin C. The antioxidant extract demonstrated significant immune-boosting effects in experimental rats by enhancing lymphocyte and T-cell counts. Various ratios of collagen concentrate and plant extract were tested in the cottage cheese product. Optimal water-holding capacity and effective viscosity were achieved with a 6:4 or 8:4 collagen-to-extract ratio, balancing collagen’s gelation properties with the antioxidant benefits. The addition of 8% dry collagen concentrate and 4% sea buckthorn and rosehip extract resulted in an enhanced nutritional profile, particularly through increased polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3 and Omega-6), vitamins A, C, E, and essential minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Storage stability studies indicated optimal preservation of product structure at 0-2°C for up to 96 hours, maintaining a viscosity loss coefficient between 15.0-15.8%. This enhanced soft cottage cheese product demonstrates improved nutritional profiles and antioxidant properties while maintaining structural stability, making it a promising functional food for athletes and health-conscious consumers.

Integrating of In Silico and In Vitro Approaches to Determine Biological Activities of Abelmoschus esculentus’s Seeds

The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidant, anti-urease, and anticholinesterase properties of extracts from plant seeds, as well as their toxicity on normal cells. In addition, the goal of this work was to use an in silico and in vitro method to evaluate the biological activity and mechanism of action of A. esculentus. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), CUPRAC (Cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity), and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) techniques were used to examine the antioxidant properties of plant extracts. The extracts' anticholinesterase, anti-urease, and cytotoxic activity were determined using the Ellman, Indophenol, and MTT techniques, respectively. Computer algorithms were used to estimate ADMET and molecular docking techniques for compounds in plant. When the antioxidant activity results were examined, it was determined that water (IC50:0.313 mg/mL) and ethanol (IC50:0.314 mg/mL) extract showed DPPH activities close to each other. It was determined that the water (7.780mM FeSO4/mg extract, 1.106 mM troloxE/mg extract) extract showed higher activity than the ethanol (3.420 mM FeSO4/mg extract, 0.343 mM troloxE/mg extract) extract in FRAP and CUPRAC experiments. Considering the enzyme inhibition results, it was determined that the water extract showed the highest anti-urease activity, while the ethanol extract showed the highest anticholinesterase activity. It was also determined that both extracts had no toxic effect on normal cell lines (L-929). Based on pkCSM values, procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B2 compounds have a low volume of distribution, whereas rutin and quercetin compounds have a high volume of distribution (VDss). Not all compounds were predicted to have mutagenic and hepatotoxicity effects. In terms of score and ligand efficiency, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, quercetin, and rutin compounds appear to be superior to the reference. The chemicals quercetin and procyanidin B2 are thought to be key players in the pathophysiology of oxidative stress. In this study, the fact that the seeds’ extracts have biological activity and have no toxic effects on normal cell lines suggests that the seeds can be used medicinally and nutritionally in the future.

Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) polysaccharides: Extraction efficiency, antioxidant activity, and structure features

This study investigated the effect of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) on the extraction efficiency, antioxidant activity, and structural properties of jujube polysaccharide (JPS), with hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and enzymatic-assisted extraction (EAE) serving as controls. Optimal extraction conditions were determined through a multi-index weighted scoring method that comprehensively accounted for yield, duration, and antioxidant activity. Results demonstrated that the JPS yield obtained by UAEE at 22/33 kHz was 10.5 % to 16.3 % higher than those achieved by the other methods, significantly enhancing antioxidant activity. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that UAEE increased the content of key mono-sugars in JPS. Additionally, assessments of molecular weight distribution, zeta potential, and rheological properties showed that UAEE reduced the molecular weight and apparent viscosity of JPS, resulting in a looser structural configuration. These structural modifications were observed in scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, which revealed a filamentous branched morphology in JPS obtained through UAEE. Further observations using the atomic force microscope (AFM) indicated that the polysaccharide chains extracted by UAEE were shorter in length, lower in height, and free from aggregation

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different extracts of Tragopogon dubius and Tragopogon porrifolium L. subsp. longirostris: Determination of their phytochemical contents by UHPLC-Orbitrap®-HRMS analysis

In this study, dichloromethane (DCM), n-hexane, ethanol, methanol, and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were used to extract Tragopogon porrifolium L. subsp. longirostris (Sch. Bip.) Greuter and Tragopogon dubius L. Antioxidant properties (Cu2+ reduction capacity, DPPH, ABTS and Fe3+ reduction) and antimicrobial activities of these extracts were determined. Also, metabolite profiles were determined using UHPLC-Orbitrap®-HRMS. NADES extracts of both species (MIC: 0.18-0.71 mg/ml) showed significantly better antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus compared to other solvents (MIC: 25 mg/ml). The study showed that T. dubius methanol and NADES extracts had better inhibitory effects on DPPH (EC50:45.17 μg/mL, EC50:108.73 μg/mL) and ABTS (EC50:59.54 μg/mL, EC50:95.98 μg/mL) radical scavenging activities than other extracts. Similarly, T. porrifolium methanol and NADES extracts had better inhibitory effects on DPPH (EC50:48.33 μg/mL, EC50:38.72 μg/mL) and ABTS (EC50:77 μg/mL, EC50:58.93 μg/mL) radical scavenging activities than other extracts. Furthermore, Fe3+ and Cu2+ reducing capacities were highest in methanol and NADES extracts of both plants.UHPLC-Orbitrap®-HRMS was used to profile the chemical composition, validating 71 phytochemicals, with the R2 value ranging from 0.9903 to 0.9993. The method's LOD values ranged from 0.45 to 2.94, and LOQ values ranged from 1.50 to 9.78. Recovery percentages at 10, 60, and 100 ng/mL concentrations ranged from 71.73% to 116.91%, 85.36% to 115.38%, and 97.08% to 109.65%, respectively. The analysis identified 29 phytochemicals, with major compounds including chlorogenic acid, quinic acid, apigenin 7-glucuronide, vitexin, schaftoside, orientin+isoorientin, luteoloside, and isoquercitrin. The significant biological impacts of these plants as a compelling reservoir of phytochemicals with therapeutic properties.

Optimizing Polyphenolic Extraction from Wild Guava Leaves: A Response Surface Methodology Approach to Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities

Objective Elevated concentrations of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in extracts from wild Psidium guajava L. leaves are associated with their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. This study aimed to determine the optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions to maximize TPC, TFC yield, as well as antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. Methods The central composite design (CCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed for empirical model development with three levels of factors, including ethanol concentration (33.18 to 66.82% in distilled water), extraction time (1.59 to 18.41 min) and solvent-to-solid ratio (5.79 to 14.20 mL/g). Results The results indicated that under optimal conditions, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) values were 152.954 mg GAE/g DW and 113.871 mg QE/g DW, respectively. These conditions included an ethanol concentration of 51.94%, an extraction time of 9.56 min, and a solvent-to-solid ratio (v/w) of 10.84 mL/g. Furthermore, the maximum values for DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 124.990 mg TE/g DW and 194.730 mg TE/g DW, respectively and the lowest IC50 for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity recorded at 11.946 µg/mL. The validated models exhibited strong consistency between the predicted and experimental values, with variations of less than 5% under optimal conditions. Additionally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) also confirmed the appropriate model to predict the extraction yield of total polyphenol and flavonoid content, as well as their biological activities, including DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Conclusions The enhancement of antioxidant and antidiabetic extraction processes in both the pharmaceutical and food industries through the use of ultrasound-assisted extraction from Wild Guava leaves can increase production to meet high demand. This efficiency is particularly noteworthy, as it demonstrates the advantages of using ultrasound in the extraction process.

Sustainable biorefinery of Ulva stenophylloides, a green-tide species from the South Pacific coast: A study on antioxidant, oligosaccharide, and ulvan extraction

In this study, biomass characterization and sustainable biorefinery were determined using microwave-assisted extraction to recover valuable biocompounds from the green-tide species Ulva stenophylloides. The biomass exhibits concentrations of 21 % for proteins; 24.6 % for sulfate; 2.1 % for lipids; 27 % for carbohydrates; 15 % and 11 % for chlorophylls a and b, respectively; and 4.6 % for carotenoids. The temperature of the microwave treatment influenced both the yield and quality of biocompounds, with higher concentrations of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities observed in the soluble extracts at temperatures between 180 °C and 220 °C, and higher concentrations of oligosaccharides obtained at temperatures from 120 °C to 200 °C. Microwave treatment at 120 °C yielded the highest content of ulvans (21 %), as well as favorable molecular weight and viscoelastic properties. Furthermore, the ulvan extract demonstrated no toxic effect in both in vitro and in vivo toxicological assays. These findings highlight the potential of green tides as a renewable biomass source for various biocompounds, opening up possibilities for future biotechnology research.

Poultry manure application enhances the phytochemical contents, antioxidant, and fixed oil of Momordica charantia L

Due to its rich sources of bioactive compounds, Momordica charantia (bitter melon) is used as a food and natural medicine, resuting in many beneficial health effects. Poultry manure is a valuable source of organic fertilizer used to enrich soil fertility to obtain high yields from agricultural products. It contains high levels of essential macro and micronutrients. The present study aimed to determine the effects of chicken and turkey manure applications on the protein content, extract content, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and mineral matter productivity of bitter melon fruits. In addition, the study evaluated the chicken and turkey manure applications on the fixed oil quality of bitter melon seeds. In this context, different doses of chicken (T1:10, T2:12.5, T3:15, T4:17.5 t/ha) and turkey (T5: 10, T6: 12.5, T7:15, T8:17.5 t/ha) manures were applied by sowing. The crude protein contents values of the bitter melon fruits ranged from 4.79 to 7.80 %, and a maximum crude protein content of bitter melon fruits was obtained from T8 application. The highest DPPH activity was observed with the T7 (88.43 %) and T4 (86.23 %) applications, while the highest FRAP value was obtained from T4 application (73.52 mg TE/g). In addition, the highest total phenolic content (21.13 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid amount (11.44 mg QE/g) of bitter melon fruits were obtained from T6 application. Maximum capric acid (50.40 %) was recorded in the seed oil after applying the T1, while the highest concentration of lauric acid (30.09 %) were reflected by applying the T5. The highest Fe, Cu and Mn concentrations were found in the T4, while the highest concentration of Zn and B recorded in the fruit extract appeared after applying the T6. The PCA analysis showed 56.2 % of total variation. Thus, the results suggest that the application of poultry manure could be employed to get maximum benefits regarding protein and extract contents, antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, fixed oil component and mineral content values.

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of alcoholic extracts from Piper aequale Vahl leaves

Piper is a large plant genus containing essential oils rich in mono and sesquiterpenes and other secondary metabolites showing different biological activities. Piper aequale, cordoncillo, is used in México for urinary and prostate ailments, suggesting a potential therapeutic effect against prostate cancer. Due to the lack of chemical and pharmacological information on this species, in this work antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities were evaluated. Leaves ethanol and methanol extracts were used to assess antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP), antimicrobial activity (Kirby-Bauer) against clinically relevant strains and antiproliferative activity on prostate cancer cell line PC-3 (MTT assay). Methanolic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with 69.08% (DPPH) and inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacterial strains associated with urinary tract infections. Ethanolic extract displayed moderate antiproliferative activity (IC50 81.28 μg/mL), showing cytotoxicity from 100 μg/mL. This study demonstrates P. aequale exhibits inhibitory effects against bacteria associated with urinary problems and antiproliferative properties in prostate cancer cells.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of water-soluble lignin extracts obtained from ozonation of Miscanthus giganteus and Vitis vinifera in a pilot-scale reactor

Lignin is a potential source of polyphenols with different biological activities which might be affected by the extraction or isolation process. This study investigated the effect of ozonation on the bioactive properties of water-soluble lignin extracts from Miscanthus giganteus (grass-type biomass) and Vitis vinifera (wood-type biomass). Total polyphenolic content, antioxidant activities (ABTS, DPPH and β-carotene bleaching assays), and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. Although ozonation did not improve the antioxidant activity per gram of lignin extract with any of the methods employed, it significantly enhanced extraction of antioxidants. All lignin extracts displayed significant antioxidant potential, DPPH IC50 values ranging from 7.6 to 29.0 µg/mL and ABTS ranging 64.1–154.6 mg Trolox/g extract. Miscanthus lignin extracts achieved 70.6 % β-carotene bleaching inhibition, compared with 96.2 % inhibition by BHT. Miscanthus lignin extracts exhibited better yield and antioxidant activity compared with vine shoots, likely due to their lower molecular weight and higher content of phenolic monomers. Antibacterial analysis revealed that Miscanthus lignin extracts had superior activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which was enhanced by ozonation and linked to zeta potential and compositional aspects. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for Miscanthus extracts were 3 mg/mL and 6 mg/mL, respectively. Miscanthus extracts from 160 min ozonation demonstrated better antifungal activity than vine shoots, particularly against Penicillium digitatum (MIC:12 mg/mL) compared with Botrytis cinerea (MIC:25 mg/mL). The bioactive properties of water-soluble lignin extracts from ozonated Miscanthus open up new possibilities for their potential use in food and food packaging applications.

A comparative analysis of the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of sweet lime and orange peel extracts against pathogenic bacteria

A comparative analysis of the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of sweet lime and orange peel extracts against pathogenic bacteria

Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Piper chaba stem extracts and metabolomic profile by GC–MS and HPTLC

Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities of Piper chaba stem extracts and metabolomic profile by GC–MS and HPTLC

Antioxidant and neuroprotective potential of extracts from Hass avocado peel obtained through a biorefinery process: A sustainable strategy for the valorization of agro-food waste

This study presents a novel three-step biorefinery approach for extracting bioactive compounds from Hass avocado (Persea americana, Mill.) epicarp. By sequentially using supercritical CO2, CO2-expanded ethanol, and subcritical water, we efficiently recovered a diverse range of extracts with distinct phytochemical profiles and potent biological activities. Our innovative extraction strategy outperformed conventional methods, demonstrating the potential of biorefinery for sustainable valorization of agricultural byproducts. Medium and high extracts exhibited strong antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity. For example, the CO2-expanded ethanol extracts demonstrated an ABTS radical cation scavenging capacity of 3.01 ± 0.06 mmol Trolox equivalents/g and an SC50 value of 53.4 ± 1.2 μg/mL for anticholinesterase activity. These findings highlight the feasibility of integrating biorefinery processes into circular economy initiatives to create high-value bioproducts while minimizing waste.

Optimization of the Microwave-Assisted Extraction Conditions for Phenolic Compounds from Date Seeds.

Date seeds, often discarded during industrial processing, are an underexploited by-product rich in polyphenols with significant antioxidant potential. This study explores the extraction of polyphenols from date seeds using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with an organic solvent. The extraction process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), focusing on extraction time, ethanol concentration, and temperature. The optimal extraction conditions were 46% (v/v) of ethanol, at 62 °C and for 27.3 min. Under these optimized conditions, the extraction yield and total phenolic content of the extract are 12.5% and 59 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 of date seed, respectively, as confirmed by the experimental tests. The extract's antioxidant activity was confirmed through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) identified major phenolic compounds, including procyanidin B1, catechin, quercetin-3,5'-di-O-glucoside, epicatechin, procyanidin B, and syringic acid, alongside eight other tentatively identified compounds. These findings underscore the potential of MAE as an environmentally friendly technique for producing polyphenol-rich extracts from date seeds, adding value to this by-product and opening avenues for its application in food and nutritional products.

The polysaccharides from blackened jujube with ultrasonic assistance extraction: Optimization of extraction conditions, antioxidant activity and structural analysis

Jujube is a widely grown agricultural product. In order to avoid the waste of resources and improve the added value of the blackened jujube, the blackened jujube was processed under certain temperature and humidity conditions. At present, there are relatively few researches on polysaccharides of blackened jujube. The selection of extraction method is very important for the study and utilization of plant polysaccharides. Ultrasonic assisted extraction technology has been widely used in polysaccharide extraction for its advantages of environmental protection, economy and high extraction rate. In order to fully tap the utilization potential of polysaccharides from blackened jujube, the ultrasonic assisted extraction technology of polysaccharides from blackened jujube was optimized. Based on the optimal conditions obtained by response surface analysis, the extraction rate of polysaccharide was as high as 12.75 ± 0.05%. The IC50 values of hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical and superoxide anion were 2.604 mg/mL, 0.754 mg/mL and 8.069 mg/mL, respectively. The blackened jujube polysaccharide (BJP) was mainly composed of rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal) and galacturonic acid (Gal-UA), with a molecular weight of 1.42 × 106 Da, and the surface was a dense network structure with voids. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction could extract polysaccharides more economically and efficiently. In this study, the polysaccharide extracted from blackened jujube has natural antioxidant effect, which may be related to the high content of galacturonic acid in polysaccharide and the molecular chain structure of polysaccharide can be destroyed by ultrasonic wave. As a kind of natural antioxidant, blackened jujube polysaccharide has important application value in functional products in food and medicine industries.

Wound Healing Potential of Herbal Hydrogel Formulations of Cedrus brevifolia Extracts in Mice.

Wound healing stands as a paramount therapeutic pursuit, imposing significant challenges on healthcare, particularly for vulnerable populations. Cedrus brevifolia, a species endemic to Cyprus, thrives in the Tripylos region, commonly known as Cedar Valley, within the Paphos forest. Despite its endemism, this species exhibits negligible genetic divergence from its Mediterranean related species. This study aims to investigate the potential of C. brevifolia resin and bark extracts in promoting wound healing in a mouse model. Previous in vitro investigations have elucidated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of extracts and isolates derived from the title plant, warranting further exploration in an in vivo setting. This experimental design employed 40 male SKH-hr2 black and brown mice aged 2-4 months. Wounds measuring 1 cm2 were meticulously induced in the anesthetized mice and the potential healing effect of the herbal hydrogel formulations was evaluated. The healing potential of the C. brevifolia extracts was rigorously assessed through the daily application of gel formulations containing resin concentrations of 5% and 10% w/w, alongside sapwood and heartwood extracts at concentrations of 0.5% and 1% w/w. The evaluation of the treatments encompassed a multifaceted approach, incorporating clinical observations, skin biophysical parameter assessments utilizing an Antera 3D camera, and FT-IR spectroscopy, in addition to histopathological examination. The chemical compositions were also investigated through NMR and bio-guided isolation. The most prominent herbal hydrogel preparation proved to be the 10% resin, followed by the sapwood at 1%. The chemical analysis unveiled abietic acid, manool, and lariciresinol derivatives that potentially contributed to the observed results. Bridging the gap between in vitro observations and in vivo outcomes attempts to shed light on the potential therapeutic benefits of C. brevifolia hydrogels in wound care.

Chemical constituents and biological activities of endophytic fungi from Fagopyrum dibotrys.

Fagopyrum dibotrys is an important wild food and feed germplasm resource. It has high nutritional and medicinal value and is rich in natural products, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, and alkaloids. Endophytic fungi in F. dibotrys have emerged as valuable sources of natural products. However, studies on the biological activity and chemical composition of these endophytic fungi remain limited. In this paper, a new method to obtain natural active ingredients by fermentation of endophytic fungi from medicinal plants was proposed. Then the antioxidant and pathogenic activities of the endophytic fungi extracts were determined in vitro. In addition, secondary metabolites produced by endophytic fungi with medicinal activity were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Among the 95 endophytic fungal strains in F. dibotrys, four strains with high phenol yields were selected by reaction: Alternaria alstroemeriae (J2), Fusarium oxysporum (J15), Colletotrichum karsti (J74), and Colletotrichum boninense (J61). Compared with those of various extracts, the ethyl acetate fractions of A. alstroemeriae (J2), F. oxysporum (J15), and C. boninense (J61) exhibited superior antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The results indicated that the fungal extract was an excellent natural antioxidant and might be a potential antibacterial agent. The DPPH free radical clearance of A. alstroemeriae was 94.96 ± 0.004%. These findings indicated that A.alstroemeriae had strong antioxidant activity. In addition, the extract of A.alstroemeriae had good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with MICs of 0.5 and 0.05 mg/mL, respectively. The chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate extract from A. alstroemeriae were further analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). We noted that A. alstroemeriae can create a variety of medicinal substances that have high value in medicine, such as caffeic acid (884.75 ng/mL), 3-phenyllactic acid (240.72 ng/mL) and norlichexanthone (74.36ng/mL). In summary, many valuable active substances and medicinal substances can be obtained through the study of endophytic fungi of F. dibotrys.

Valorization of Bioactive Compounds from Lingonberry Pomace and Grape Pomace with Antidiabetic Potential.

In recent years, increased attention has been paid to the recovery of bioactive compounds from waste and by-products resulting from the agro-industrial sector and their valorization into new products, which can be used in the health, food, or agricultural industry, as innovative and sustainable approaches to waste management. In this work, two of these by-products resulting from the fruit-processing industry were used for the recovery of bioactive compounds (polyphenols), namely lingonberry pomace (Vaccinium vitis-idaea) and grape pomace (Vitis vinifera). Two green extraction techniques were employed to obtain hydroalcoholic extracts (solvent: 50% EtOH, 10% mass): ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). The extracts were subjected to micro- and ultrafiltration processes, and further analyzed to determine the bioactive compound content through spectrophotometric (UV-Vis) and chromatographic (HPLC-PDA) methods. Additionally, the extracts exhibited significant enzyme inhibition, particularly against α-amylase and β-glucosidase, suggesting potential anti-diabetic properties. The extracts characteristics, polyphenolic content, antioxidant capacity and enzyme inhibitory ability, were statistically compared, and significant differences were found between the two extraction methods. The grape pomace concentrated extracts showed a pronounced inhibitory activity on both analyzed enzymes compared to the lingonberry pomace concentrated extracts, closer to the standard used; e.g., IC50 α-amylase = 0.30 ± 0.01 µg/mL (IC50 acarbose = 0.3 ± 0.01 µg/mL), IC50 α-glucosidase = 0.60 ± 0.01 µg/mL (IC50 acarbose = 0.57 ± 0.02 µg/mL). These findings highlight the potential of agro-industrial residues as bioactive compound resources, with their valorization through application in food, nutraceutical, or pharmaceutical industries therefore contributing to the sustainable development and promotion of circular economy principles with the recovery of valuable inputs from plant by-products.

Recovery of bioactive compounds from pineapple waste through high-pressure technologies

This study aimed to obtain bioactive compounds from the residue from pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merril) juice processing, using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The SFE were performed using ethanol as a co-solvent and evaluating different pressure, temperature, and co-solvent percentage. For the PLE, temperature and ethanol percentage were assessed. The best extraction conditions for SFE were 20 MPa, 60 °C, and 15 % ethanol, while for PLE they were obtained at 10 MPa, 100 °C with 50 % and 75 % ethanol. Both methods presented a higher concentration of bioactives than other recognized vegetable waste sources. However, it was observed that PLE showed a higher overall extract yield, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity. The main phenolic compounds identified were caffeic acid and ferulic acid. Therefore, pineapple residue is a potential source of bioactive compounds, and the pressurized liquid extraction technique proved more efficient for their recovery.