Extraction Volume Research Articles

Selecting a Time-Series Model to Predict Drinking Water Extraction in a Semi-Arid Region in Chihuahua, Mexico

As the effects of global climate change intensify, it is increasingly important to implement more effective water management practices, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions such as Meoqui, Chihuahua, situated in the arid northern center of Mexico. The objective of this study was to identify the optimal time-series model for analyzing the pattern of water extraction volumes and predicting a one-year forecast. It was hypothesized that the volume of water extracted over time could be explained by a statistical time-series model, with the objective of predicting future trends. To achieve this objective, three time-series models were evaluated. To assess the pattern of groundwater extraction, three time-series models were employed: the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA), Prophet, and Prophet with extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The mean extraction volume for the entire period was 50,935 ± 47,540 m3, with a total of 67,233,578 m3 extracted from all wells. The greatest volume of water extracted has historically been from urban wells, with an average extraction of 55,720 ± 48,865 m3 and a total of 63,520,284 m3. The mean extraction volume for raw water wells was determined to be 20,629 ± 19,767 m3, with a total extraction volume of 3,713,294 m3. The SARIMA(1,1,1)(1,0,0)12 model was identified as the optimal time-series model for general extraction, while a “white noise” model, an ARIMA(0,1,0) for raw water, and an SARIMA(2,1,1)(2,0,0)12 model were identified as optimal for urban wells. These findings serve to reinforce the efficacy of the SARIMA model in forecasting and provide a basis for water resource managers in the region to develop policies that promote sustainable water management.

Eco-friendly utilization of microwaves for extraction of dye from logwood and Its application onto silk

For minimizing the pollution associated with synthetic colorants, the world again is going to realize the benefits of natural colorants in applied fields such as textiles, food flavors, etc. As part of the ongoing research project, hematein is being investigated as a potential natural colorant derived from logwood chips, and its implementation on silk fabric is being investigated under the effect of microwave radiations. A number of dyeing variables, including pH, dyeing duration, temperature of the dye bath, volume of extraction, and salt concentration, have been investigated, and the effect of isolation medium has also been evaluated. For new shades with improved fastness ratings, extracts of various sustainable bio-mordants and chemical mordant such as salts of aluminum and copper, and tannic acid were also used. An experiment revealed that treating un-irradiated silk with 40 mL of methanolic extract with a pH of 2, irradiated for 6 min, produced outstanding outcomes when dyed at 90°C for 60 min. The dyeing process included the addition of 9 g of salt per 100 mL of solution as an exhausting agent. In these circumstances, the utilization of sustainable mordants has not only enhanced the ratings of color fastness but has also rendered the procedure more environmentally friendly and less polluting. Therefore, microwave radiation has great potential for extracting colorants from plants and effectively applying them to natural materials under decreased conditions.

Study on anti-reflection of deep soft and high gas coal seam floor by deep hole controlled blasting

Addressing the practical challenges of difficult drilling for blasting-induced permeability enhancement in deep, soft, and high-gas coal seams, where fractures remain underdeveloped and prone to re-compaction, this study proposes blasting operations within the floor strata. This approach aims to enhance the permeability of soft coal seams, thereby extending the duration of effective gas extraction. A bidirectional loading gas–solid coupling blasting simulation system was established in the laboratory, enabling multi-faceted analysis of experimental models through macroscopic crack patterns, internal damage mechanisms, and strain data of coal and rock masses. Comparative experiments were conducted, contrasting various control hole spacings with conventional blasting techniques. The findings reveal that as the blasting stress wave traverses the control hole walls, tensile stress waves are reflected, facilitating crack propagation. The guiding effect of the control holes and the spatial compensation they provide significantly increase the extension distance of explosion-induced cracks, resulting in directional failure of the test specimens and heightened damage in the far field of the blast. After the blasting process, the arrangement of control holes can result in an increase of up to 133% in damage to the coal seam and a reduction of up to 167% in damage to the floorboard compared to the model without control holes. Notably, when the control holes are proximal to the coal-rock interface, the near-end coal body experiences the most pronounced effects, with peak damage and tensile strain in the d = 20 mm model being 1.93 and 1.79 times higher, respectively, than those in models without control holes. Conversely, for control holes located further from the interface, the distal coal body experiences the greatest influence, exhibiting 1.53 and 1.55 times higher peak damage and tensile strain, respectively, in the d = 80 mm model compared to uncontrolled counterparts. Field observations at the C13 coal seam of a mine within the Huainan mining area corroborate these findings, where the volume of gas extraction and its concentration experienced a rapid increase following blasting and penetration enhancement. Optimum permeability enhancement occurs when the blasting hole is situated 4 m from the extraction point, resulting in a 131% increase in gas extraction purity from 0.15 × 10–3 m3/min to 1.97 × 10–3 m3/min. Furthermore, gas concentration soars by 373%, from 5.86% to 21.86%. These research outcomes offer valuable insights and hold considerable reference significance for blasting-induced permeability enhancement in deep, soft, and high gas coal seams.

Blockchain evolution, artificial intelligence and ferrous metal trade

This study examines the impact of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI) on the trade volume of iron and steel in 20 major producing countries from 2005 to 2022. Using the FMOLS method, the results show that blockchain regulations reduce trade volumes by increasing transparency and compliance costs, deterring market participation. A 1% increase in AI robotics imports leads to a 0.296% decline in trade due to improved production efficiency. Economic growth and population growth, however, boost trade. A 1% rise in internet access reduces trade by 0.336% as digitalization enhances supply chain efficiency. Overall, blockchain and AI reduce extraction and trade volumes, supporting environmental sustainability. Policy recommendations include developing blockchain regulations, promoting green cryptocurrencies, and leveraging big data for sustainable practices in the ferrous metal industry.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Smyrnium cordifolium plant and its application for colorimetric detection of ammonia

The need to identify ammonia is necessary because of its harmful effects on the environment and humans. In this study, a colorimetric method was also developed for the detection of ammonia using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized with the green approach. Biosynthesis of AgNPs was performed by silver nitrate as a silver precursor and Smyrnium cordifolium extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Plant extract was studied by FTIR and LC/Mass techniques. The optimization of the effective parameters was carried out with central composite design according to silver nitrate concentration, plant extract volume, pH, and temperature. Biosynthetic nano-silver was characterized with XRD, EDS/EDX, FE-SEM, FTIR, TGA, and DLS methods. The AgNPs was validated for ammonia colorimetric detection. Biosynthesis of AgNPs were increased in 20 mM AgNO3, 5 ml Smyrnium cordifolium extract, pH 10, and the temperature of 70 °C. Crystal form of AgNPs characterized with XRD at 2Ѳ value of 38.34°, 44.19°, 64.74°, and 77.59° and spherical shape highlighted in the range between 77.8 and 93 nm. Plant extract consisted of polyphenol (phenolic acid, flavonoid, and terpenoid), fatty acid, amino acid, sugar, purine, and organic acid. AgNPs were used for colorimetric detection of ammonia by shifting the λmax from 580 to 490 nm. A method for ammonia detection was set up, with linear range of 0.5–200 ppm, detection limit of 0.028 ppm and recovery level of 96.3 ± 6.5%. In conclusion, a new biosynthetic method by specified local plant was developed to propose a simple and sensitive colorimetric method for soluble ammonia detection.

On-Chip Droplet Splitting with High Volume Ratios Using a 3D Conical Microstructure-Based Microfluidic Device.

This work reports a simple microfluidic method for splitting a mother droplet into two daughter droplets with high and precise volume ratios. To achieve this, a droplet-splitting microfluidic device embedded with a three-dimensional (3D) conical microstructure is fabricated, in which the high splitting ratios of monodisperse mother droplets are achieved. The volume ratio of the split daughter droplets can reach up to 265. In addition, we examined factors that affect the splitting ratio of the daughter droplets and found that the ratio is affected by the flow rates of the two individual outlet channels, the injection length of the conical microstructure, and the diameter of the original mother droplets. Numerical simulations of these parameters were conducted to gain a clearer understanding of the splitting behavior. The proposed droplet splitting device with a conical microstructure enables on-chip sample extraction and droplet volume control, which can be a powerful tool for various droplet-based applications in microfluidic devices such as viral infectivity assays and sequencing heterogeneous populations.

Water holding capacity, aggregation, respiration, and chemical character of acid soil amended rice straw biochar enriched with different volumes of liquid extract (sap) of Kappapychus alvarezii

The quality of acidic soil is determined by organic C content produced from rice straw biochar in agriculture. In this context, liquid extract from Kappapychus alvarezii (K-sap) is used as a biochar enrichment agent. Therefore, this research aimed to (i) analyze the character of K-sap enriched rice straw biochar with different volumes, as well as (ii) evaluate the impact on soil water holding capacity, size class distribution, aggregate stability index, respiration rate, and acidic soil chemical characters. The treatment tested was the volume of K-sap kg-1 biochar, namely (i) without biochar, (ii) 0 mL, (iii) 500 mL, (iv) 1,000 mL, and (v) 1,500 mL. Each treatment was repeated three times and placed according to a randomized block design procedure. The area covered by K-sap, pore size, and amorphous degree increased while the pore volume of the biochar surface decreased. The addition of 1,000 mL of K-sap kg-1 biochar released a new peak number associated with the aliphatic and aromatic groups. The K-sap enriched biochar increased the proportion of soil aggregate size of 1-2 mm, water holding capacity, carbon storage, pH, total N, available P and K, exchangeable base cations as well as base saturation. Meanwhile, the concentration of Al3+ and H+ were decreased in the acidic soil solution. The results showed that the performance of rice straw biochar, K-sap volumes, soil chemical quality, water holding capacity, and ability to store carbon of the acidic soil was improved by adding K-sap volume.

Microextraction by packed sorbent: Introducing a novel hybrid silica-based chitosan-graphene oxide biosorbent for the evaluation of pesticides and antibiotics in food matrices

This study introduces a novel silica-graphene oxide@chitosan (SiGO@CS) material as a packed biosorbent for microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of pesticides (atrazine and thiamethoxam) and antibiotics (ceftiofur and sulfonamide) in food samples. The graphene-based aerogel was modified with varying percentages of silica-graphene oxide/chitosan (w/w) and characterized to confirm successful chitosan incorporation. Optimization of the MEPS protocol, using 24–1 and 23 experimental designs, identified draw/eject and washing cycles as the most influential parameters for extraction efficiency. The SiGO@CS biosorbent with 80 % CS/SiGO (w/w) exhibited superior extraction efficiency compared to other ratios and commercial sorbents. The method demonstrated excellent linearity for all analytes (R² > 0.9900), with low limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) ranging from 0.020 to 0.045 µg l-1 and 0.045 to 1.0 µg l-1 for pesticides, respectively, and 5 to 15 µg l-1 and 15 to 20 µg l-1 for antibiotics, respectively. Trueness values were within 82 % to 109 %. The method's green credentials were confirmed using AGREEprep and the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) approach, highlighting sorbent reusability (over 15 times) and rapid analytical throughput (5 min per sample) with low use of pre-treated sample extract volume (500 µL). The application to local corn, tomato, and milk samples confirmed the detection and quantification of thiamethoxam and atrazine at concentrations above the recommended ingestion per day for one sample of tomato and corn out of the three samples analyzed. Furthermore, using the novel SiGO@CS biosorbent in the MEPS protocol offers a green, high-performance analytical alternative to traditional sorbent phases, with the potential for evaluating trace levels of pesticides and antibiotics in food matrices.

A water-soluble mycelium polysaccharide from Monascus pilosus: Extraction, structural characterization, immunomodulatory effect and yield enhanced by overexpression of UGE gene

Mycelium polysaccharide (MPP) from Monascus pilosus with the compositions of glucose, galactose, mannose, glucosamine hydrochloride, rhamnose and arabinose, was obtained using alkaline extracting, and subsequently three purified components (MPP-0, MPP-0.1 and MPP-0.3) were separated. The purity and extraction volume of the MPP-0.1 fraction surpassed those of the other two groups, thus warranting its selection for subsequent experimental investigations. The sample MPP-0.1, with an average molecular weight of 3.7776 × 104 Da, exhibited exceptional thermal stability up to 170 °C. The main glycosidic linkage pattern of MPP-0.1 was structured as→[4)-α-D-Glcp-(1]6 → 4)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → [2)-α-D-Manp-(1]5 → 2)-α-D-Manp-(1 → 5)-β-D-Galf-(1 → 3)-β-D-Galf (1 → 3)-β-D-Galf-(1 → 3)-β-D-Galf-(1→, and branched Glcp, Manp, Galf fragments were connected with the main chain through →4, 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, →2, 6)-α-D-Manp-(1 → and →3, 6)-β-D-Galf-(1→. Besides, the up-regulated levels of Nitric oxide (NO), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines along with increased phagocytic activity revealed that MPP-0.1 has significant immunomodulatory effect, and can significantly enhance the proliferation and activation of RAW264.7 cells. Finally, the gene UGE (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) was overexpressed in M. pilosus to increase the MPP production. Results showed that the biomass of the recombinant strain exhibited a remarkable increase of approximately 62.56 ± 1.50 % compared to that of the parental strain, and the extraction yield of MPP increased significantly by 83.19 ± 4.56 %.

Investigation of Olive Leaf Polyphenol Extract Loaded Silver Nanoparticle Optimization by Box-Behnken Design.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are synthesized and optimized by reducing and stabilizing them with olive leaf extract. The successful synthesis of AgNPs was verified by UV-vis spectroscopy, SEM imaging, and DLS measurements, demonstrating characteristic features such as a surface plasmon resonance peak, spherical morphology, crystalline structure, and narrow size distribution with good stability. Utilizing Box-Behnken Design (BBD), the optimal synthesis conditions were determined, with a silver nitrate concentration of 1 mM, olive leaf extract volume of 10 mL, and reaction time of 60 minutes, yielding AgNPs with desirable properties. Statistical analysis revealed the significant influence of individual variables and their interactions on AgNP characteristics. Lower concentrations of silver nitrate and olive leaf extract led to smaller particle sizes and higher zeta potentials, while longer reaction times resulted in larger particles and lower zeta potentials. Among the experimental runs, Run 11 exhibited the most favorable properties, with 54 nm particle size, -36 mV zeta potential, and an encapsulation efficiency of 92.28%. ANOVA analysis further elucidated the significant effects of synthesis parameters on zeta potential, particle size, and encapsulation efficiency. In conclusion, the optimized formulation obtained through BBD offers a tailored approach for the synthesis of AgNPs with desired properties, suitable for various applications such as biomedical, catalytic, and sensing applications. The comprehensive understanding of synthesis parameters and their effects provided by this study facilitates the rational design of AgNPs for specific applications, enhancing their potential in diverse fields.

Technical evaluation of supercritical fluid impregnation scaling-up of olive leaf extract: From lab to pilot scale

Supercritical fluid technology is an advanced field that offers remarkable versatility and it applies to a broad range of processes. However, the scaling-up of the supercritical fluid impregnation process is still scarcely explored. This research investigates the technical analysis of the supercritical fluid impregnation scaling-up of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extract into polypropylene (PP) films. The impregnation scale was increased up to 20-fold while maintaining constant ratios among the extract volume, film area, CO2 amount, and vessel geometry. The study compares homogeneity, total extract loading, and ABTS antioxidant activity of impregnated films at both scales. Homogeneity was assessed using CIELAB coordinates and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (DESI-MS) imaging. Films impregnated at 250 bar and 55 °C for 1 h in 100 ml and 500 ml vessels were uniform in colour, whereas those from the larger vessel were less homogeneous. To evaluate the effect of time on impregnation at the largest scale, impregnation was conducted for 1, 6, 24, and 48 h. Homogeneity and ABTS antioxidant activity improved over time, and DESI-MS images showed a gradual decrease in oleuropein signal intensity over time. After 6 h, PP films achieved a total extract loading of 14.02 mg g−1 of polymer, 23 % ABTS antioxidant activity, with a global diffusion coefficient of the extract compounds in PP films of 3.42 × 10−13 m2 s−1. While this study offers valuable insights into scaling up the supercritical fluid impregnation of olive leaf extract into PP films, several limitations remain. Future research is required for a more comprehensive understanding and practical application of the process.

Application of zwitterionic ionic liquid-based capsule phase microextraction for the HPLC-UV determination of doxycycline in human urine samples

Herein, we describe the utilization of an ionic liquid (IL)/Carbowax 20 M−functionalized sol–gel sorbent for the capsule phase microextraction of doxycycline in authentic human urine samples. This green sample preparation method combines stirring and filtration in a single, standalone sample preparation device, streamlining the sample preparation process. Additionally, it provides rapid extraction kinetics and high extraction efficiency. The experimental conditions (i.e. sorbent type, sample pH and volume, extraction time, ionic strength, elution solvent, and volume) affecting the extraction efficiency of the analyte were studied and optimized. The method was linear in the range of 0.1 – 5.0 μg/mL with a coefficient of determination higher than 0.995. The achieved LOD was found to be 0.02 μg/mL while the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 0.1 μg/mL. The IL/Carbowax 20 M−functionalized microextraction capsules were reusable at least 30 times for urine samples. The relative recoveries (% RR) ranged between 93.4 – 115.9 % while the precision (expressed as % RSD) was better than 8.1 % in all cases. The robustness of the microextraction procedure and the instrumental HPLC method were separately investigated using Plackett-Burman experimental designs. The analytical protocol demonstrated cost-effectiveness, ease of handling, and speed, leading to increased sample throughput. The green character of the developed method was evaluated using the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI). Finally, the method’s applicability was demonstrated by analyzing authentic human urine samples after oral administration of a doxycycline-containing pharmaceutical formulation.

Research on Gas Extraction Effect of High Gas Mines Based on Stereoscopic Cross Directional Drilling Technology

Based on the advantages of three-dimensional cross drilling technology and directional drilling technology, a gas extraction technology of "three-dimensional cross + directional" drilling is proposed. The advantages, applicability, and key influencing factors of this technology are analyzed, and on-site gas extraction experiments are conducted at the 2210 working face of the No. 2 coal seam in a certain coal mine. The research results show that after adopting the stereoscopic cross directional drilling technology and extraction technology, the gas extraction effect of the 2210 working face has been significantly improved compared to using ordinary extraction drilling, and the stereoscopic cross directional drilling technology can effectively increase the gas extraction volume and concentration. This technology has obvious advantages in improving gas extraction rate and ensuring operational safety, providing a certain reference for solving gas control problems in high gas mines.

Flow characteristics and mass transfer performance of phosphoric acid extraction in a T-type central plug-in microreactor

In recent years, the demand for phosphoric acid, a key raw material for lithium iron phosphate batteries, has surged. However, current phosphoric acid extraction equipment faces challenges such as low mass transfer efficiency and difficulty in phase separation, leading to reduced production efficiency, bulky equipment, and scaling issues. To address these problems, this study introduces a T-type central plug-in microreactor (TCPM) designed to enhance mass transfer efficiency and facilitate rapid phase separation. The extraction of phosphoric acid from the water phase to the organic phase (volume ratio of tributyl phosphate to kerosene is 4:1) was chosen as the experimental system. We investigated the effects of various parameters on liquid-liquid flow and mass transfer characteristics in the TCPM. Visualization techniques identified slug and parallel flow as the primary liquid-liquid flow patterns within the TCPM. Notably, the central plug-in promotes the formation of parallel flow, improving phase separation compared to conventional T-type microreactors. The volume mass transfer coefficient of the TCPM ranges from 0.023 to 0.074 s-1, and the optimal phosphoric acid extraction efficiency and volume mass transfer coefficient can reach up to 90.5% and 0.074 s-1, respectively, outperforming conventional T-type microreactors. Predictive model for extraction efficiency was developed, showing deviations within 10%. These findings demonstrate the TCPM's potential as an efficient phosphoric acid extraction device with rapid phase separation, holding significant promise for liquid-liquid extraction applications.

Defect tuning and its effect on conductivity, dielectric properties of combustion derived nano CeO2: A fuel dependent approach

Oxalyldihydrazide (ODH) and coffee extracted fuel (CEF) were used to synthesize Ceria (CeO2) nanoparticles by solution combustion synthesis route. The cubic fluorite structure, crystalline nature, crystallite size and particle size of ceria nanoparticles were confirmed using the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope patterns respectively. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images were used to understand the Surface morphology of the synthesized samples. Based on XRD results the volume of coffee husk extract for the optimum phase formation is found to be 40 mL. The fluorite structure of the samples and the presence of oxygen vacancies in the samples were confirmed from the Raman spectral analysis. ESR (Electron Spin Resonance) studies confirmed formation of relatively more intrinsic defects in CEF-ceria nanoparticles compared to ODH-ceria nanoparticles. The semiconducting nature of the synthesized samples was confirmed by analysing UV–visible absorbance spectra. The functional group confirmation was obtained by analysing Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of both the samples. AC conductivity and dielectric relaxation studies of the samples in pellet form were carried out over a wide frequency (20Hz–10 MHz) and temperature (200–640 °C) range using a precision impedance analyser. A higher value of dielectric constant was observed for CEF-ceria nanoparticles.

Determination of eight neonicotinoid pesticides in wastewater by solid phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Neonicotinoid pesticides are a relatively new class of pesticides that have garnered significant attention owing to their potential ecological risks to nontarget organisms. A method combining solid phase extraction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) was developed for the rapid and accurate detection of eight neonicotinoid pesticides (dinotefuran, E-nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, imidacloprid, imidaclothiz, acetamiprid, and thiacloprid) in wastewater. The chromatographic mobile phase and MS parameters were selected, and a single-factor method was used to determine the optimal column type, extraction volume, sample loading speed, and pH for SPE. The optimal parameters were as follows: column type, HLB column (500 mg/6 mL); sample extraction volume, 500 mL; sample loading speed, 10 mL/min; and sample pH, 6-8. The matrix effects of the wastewater samples were reduced by optimizing the chromatographic gradient-elution program, examining the dilution factor of the samples, and using the isotope internal standard calibration method. Prior to analysis, the wastewater samples were diluted 5-fold with ultrapure water for pretreatment. Subsequently, 2 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and methanol was used as mobile phases for gradient elution on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm). The samples were quantified using positive-ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode for 10 min. Imidacloprid-d4 was used as the isotope internal standard. The SPE process was further optimized by applying response surface methodology to select the type and mass of rinsing and elution solvents. The optimal pretreatment of the SPE column included rinsing with 10% methanol aqueous solution and elution with methanol-acetonitrile (1∶1, v/v) mixture (7 mL). The eight neonicotinoid pesticides showed satisfactory linearity within the relevant range, with linear correlation coefficients (r) all greater than 0.9990. The method detection limits (MDLs) ranged from 0.2 to 1.2 ng/L, and the method quantification limits (MQLs) ranged from 0.8 to 4.8 ng/L. The average recoveries of the eight neonicotinoid pesticides were in the range of 82.6%-94.2% at three spiked levels, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 3.9% to 9.4%. Finally, the optimized method was successfully applied to analyze wastewater samples collected from four sewage treatment plants. The results indicated that the eight neonicotinoid pesticides could be generally detected at concentrations ranging from not detected (ND) to 256 ng/L. The developed method has a low MDL and high accuracy, rendering it a suitable choice for the trace detection of the eight neonicotinoid pesticides in wastewater when compared with other similar methods. The proposed method can be utilized to monitor the environmental impact and assess the potential risks of neonicotinoid pesticides in wastewater, thus promoting the protection of nontarget organisms and the sustainable use of these pesticides in agriculture.

Comparative analysis of volumetric changes between resection volume of oral tongue cancer and post operative volume of radial forearm flaps

ObjectivesThis study investigates the relationship between the total volume of oral tongue cancer pre-operatively and the RFFF volume post-operatively.Materials and methodsA total of 52 DICOM imaging datasets (CT or MRI) of 26 patients were included in this study. The volume of the desired structure was quantified using semi-automatic segmentation using the software ITK-SNAP. All extracted measurements were validated by two further clinicians at separate instances.ResultsThe variation of MeanVolTu can be predicted by MeanVolFlap moderately reliable with 59.1% confidence (R-Qua: 0.591). ANOVA Testing to represent how well the regression line fits the data, resulted in the overall regression model being statistically significant in predicting the MeanVolTu (p < 0.001). The flap volume may be predicted using the following algorithm: MeanVolFlap0 = 3241,633 + 1, 322 * MeanVolTu.ConclusionThe results of this study show positive correlation between tumor volume and flap volume, highlighting the significance of efficient flap planning with increasing tumor volume. A larger extraction volume of the radial forearm free flap from the donor site compromises the forearm more, thus increasing the probability of post-operative complications.Clinical relevanceRadial forearm free flap design in accordance with its corresponding 3D tumor volume.

Optimization and stability analysis of citric acid-assisted extraction of Lonicera caerulea pomace

This study employed both response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) to optimize the technological conditions for citric acid-assisted extraction of bioactive components from Lonicera caerulea pomace. We optimized the contents of polyphenols and crude polysaccharides in the extract based on extraction volume, temperature, and time. The ANN model exhibited superior predictability and accuracy compared to the RSM model. Using citric acid solution with a pH of 2 as the extraction agent, the optimal conditions were a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:36, an extraction temperature of 63 °C, and an extraction time of 4 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that citric acid-assisted extraction destroyed the surface microstructure of Lonicera caerulea pomace, facilitating the release of bound substances. Furthermore, a storage stability experiment demonstrated that retention rates of polyphenols, polysaccharides, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity in powdered Lonicera caerulea pomace extract remained above 90% after 4 weeks at 4 °C in the dark. Anthocyanin, a primary polyphenol in Lonicera caerulea, correlated significantly with antioxidant activity, as confirmed by PCA results.

Phenotypic Evaluation of Saccharum spp. Genotypes during the Plant-Cane Crop for Biomass Production in Northcentral Mississippi

Saccharum is relatively new to 33° N latitude. S. spontaneum readily hybridizes with commercial sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and lends cold tolerance and greater yield to the hybrid progeny, called energycane. Since 2007, there have been numerous new hybrid and backcross energycane genotypes developed but there is a paucity of information about them. Twenty energycane genotypes were tested in the first season of growth from cane propagules (plant cane; PC) against Ho 02-113 (a control) for two site-years in northcentral Mississippi. Grand (exponential) growth continued into October. The prevailing paradigm is that tonnage is what matters. Except for percentage cellulose, all factors tested (dry matter yield, extractable juice volume, °Brix, theoretical ethanol from fermentation, theoretical ethanol from cellulose, and total theoretical ethanol) were greater from the second site-location compared to the first. Dry matter yield (DMY) and total theoretical ethanol yield (TTEY) were moderately correlated. Over the two years of this test only Ho 14-9213 exceeded in mean DMY of Ho 02-113. Sixteen of the 19 test genotypes in this test equaled or exceeded the mean TTEY of Ho 02-113.

Use of Technogenic Mineral Formations: Current State, Identified Trends

It has been established that there is a constant increase in the accumulation of waste within the borders of the RF, in which the main share consists of waste from mining. The correlation between the annual mass of waste generated from technogenic mineral formations (TMF) and the volume of mineral extraction and the specific share of the open-pit mining method has been determined. The distribution of accumulated waste across the Federal Districts has been identified and the situation with their use has been characterized. It was noted that in the Federal Districts with the largest volume of accumulated waste, the percent of their involvement in secondary circulation for the period 2019–2022 decreases (relative decrease percent 41.2–7.2%). A conclusion is made about the unsatisfactory state of affairs in the field of application of SWM, which requires the number of measures to solve problems that complicate the introduction of man-made deposits into economic circulation.