Extraction Of Residues Research Articles

Two-pot synthesis of polypyrrole‐coated rubber foam for the extraction of carbendazim residue in orange juice

Natural rubber foam was coated with polypyrrole (PPy) via a rapid two-pot synthesis. This PPy-coated rubber foam was used as sorbent for the solid-phase extraction of carbendazim in fresh orange juice. The extracted carbendazim was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Under the optimal conditions, the method exhibited linearity in the range of 25–1000 µg kg−1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 24.1 µg kg−1 and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 80.5 µg kg−1. Good reproducibility (RSD < 2.5 %, n = 6) and good reusability (RSD < 3.8 %, n = 10) were achieved. The sorbent was applied to extract carbendazim in fresh orange juice. Accuracy was excellent and recoveries were attained from 81.6 % to 104.8 %. The found carbendazim in real samples ranged from 40.0 µg kg−1 to 101.1 µg kg−1. The developed sorbent can be produced in large quantities at a reasonable cost and utilized as an environmentally friendly sorbent for the extraction of pesticides and other trace organic substances.

Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.) Pod Residue: A Source of Phenolic Compounds as Valuable Biomolecules

This study aimed at investigating the chemical composition and a selected group of bioactivities of jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril L.) pod residue. An aqueous extract (deionized water; AE) and a hydroethanolic extract (ethanol: deionized water, 70:30 v/v; ETOH) were obtained via maceration. Ten phenolic compounds were characterized via LC-DAD-ESI/MSn: seven procyanidins, two quercetin derivatives and one taxifolin derivative, with dimers and trimers of procyanidins being the main components of both extracts. Total phenolic compound levels of 2.42 ± 0.06 and 11 ± 1 mg/g were found in AE and ETOH, respectively; however, only seven compounds were identified in ETOH. The jatoba pod residue extracts showed notable antioxidant activities: ETOH had greater antioxidant potential in the OxHLIA and DPPH assays (IC50 = 25.4 μg/mL and 0.71 μg/mL, respectively); however, EA demonstrated greater potential in the FRAP system (IC50 = 2001.0 µM TE/mg). Only AE showed antiproliferative potential, being effective against cell lines of gastric (GI50 = 35 ± 1 µg/mL) and breast (GI50 = 89 ± 4 µg/mL) adenocarcinomas. Likewise, only AE showed modest anti-inflammatory potential (IC50 = 225 ± 2 µg/mL) in mouse macrophages. Bacteriostatic effects against bacteria were exerted by both extracts. Enterococcus faecalis and Listeria monocytogenes (MICs = 2.5 mg/mL) were especially sensitive to the ETOH extract. Taken together, the results suggest potential for jatoba pod residue as a source of molecules with biological activities and with possible industrial applications.

Sustainable use of agricultural residues to improve corn silage quality: Co-ensiling with oregano oil residues

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of oregano essential oil extraction residues (ORES) on the fermentation quality of corn silage. Non-fungal infected (NFI) and fungal infected (FI) corn were ensiled with 20% (wet weight) of ORES for 180 d. The inclusion of ORES delayed pH decline regardless of fungal infection. The inclusion of ORES did not adversely affect lactic acid (LA) production in NFI silages but retarded the initial LA fermentation of FI silages. Co-ensiling corn with ORES significantly decreased ethanol content. Co-ensiling FI corn with ORES significantly increased the fungal Chao1 and Shannon indices compared to FI-CON silages but did not affect the bacterial Chao1 and Shannon indices. The fungal infection aggravated the risk of Paenibacillus and Clostridium contamination, which was mitigated by co-ensiling with ORES. In conclusion, fungal infection suppressed ensiling fermentation, and heightened the risk of proliferation of undesirable bacteria, while ORES relieved these risks. Ensiling ORES with corn as forages is a potential and promising strategy for the efficient reusing of agro-industrial waste.

Mild degradation of corncob extract 1 residue in a novel sodium metavanadate and aqueous hydrogen peroxide/acetic anhydride system for monophenolic compounds

An efficient and environmentally benign binary mild oxidative degradation method, consisting of a novel sodium metavanadate and aqueous hydrogen peroxide/acetic anhydride (SM-AHPO/AAH) system, was used to convert corncob extraction residue (CCER) for producing monophenolic compounds (MPCs). The SM-AHPO/AAH system demonstrates excellent performance for producing MPCs in a high yield from CCER and CCER conversion to soluble portion (SP) is ca. 97.7 wt%. According to multiple analyses the SP is rich in aromatics. The SM-AHPO/AAH system is also effective for oxidatively degrading other lignin-rich raw materials to producing aromatics as the main products. In the initial step, H2O2 breaks a >C-O- bond in a peroxy chain of lignin structure to produce phenylpropanoid, followed by H2O2 attacking Cβ and Cα to producing H, G and S-type aromatics.

Improved Early-Stage Maize Row Detection Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Imagery

Monitoring row centerlines during early growth stages is essential for effective production management. However, detection becomes more challenging due to weed interference and crop row intersection in images. This study proposed an enhanced Region of Interest (ROI)-based approach for detecting early-stage maize rows. It integrated a modified green vegetation index with a dual-threshold algorithm for background segmentation. The median filtering algorithm was also selected to effectively remove most noise points. Next, an improved ROI-based feature point extraction method was used to eliminate residual noises and extract feature points. Finally, the least square method was employed to fit the row centerlines. The detection accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image data set containing both regular and intersecting crop rows. The average detection accuracy of the proposed approach was between 0.456° and 0.789° (the angle between the fitted centerline and the expert line), depending on whether crop rows were regular/intersecting. Compared to the Hough Transform (HT) algorithm, the results demonstrated that the proposed method achieved higher accuracy and robustness in detecting regular and intersecting crop rows. The proposed method in this study is helpful for refined agricultural management such as fertilization and irrigation. Additionally, it can detect the missing-seedling regions and replenish seedings in time to increase crop yields.

Complete extraction of main pancreatic duct residual and microstones using an 8-wire basket catheter

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), pancreatoscopy-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are primary treatments for symptomatic main pancreatic duct (MPD) stones. However, incomplete clearance of residual/microstones post-treatment may cause symptom recurrence. We hypothesized that the 8-wire biliary basket catheter could be suitable for MPD stone extraction and aimed to analyze its ability to achieve more complete clearance of MPD residual/microstones. Patients suspected to have MPD residual/microstones ≤5 mm because of abdominal symptoms, computed-tomography examination results, and pancreatography results after previous therapy, including ERCP, EHL, and ESWL, were retrospectively enrolled. Patients with severe MPD stenosis/biliary obstruction requiring ERCP drainage were excluded. Extraction of residual/microstones was attempted using an 8-wire basket that is widely expandable in the narrow pancreatic duct and can capture and sweep stones in the narrow pancreatic duct. Technical success was defined as the extraction of residual/microstones. The primary outcome was the technical success rate. Secondary outcomes were therapeutic details of stone extraction using the 8-wire basket catheter, including symptom improvements. The technical success rate was 100% for seven patients; 1–8 residual/microstones were extracted. An improvement was observed in five patients with symptoms after the previous therapy. Three patients underwent residual stone extraction after extraction using a dedicated basket. No patient experienced symptom recurrence during the 270-day follow-up period. The 8-wire basket resulted in successful MPD residual/microstone extraction and pancreatic symptom improvement. This method may prevent symptom recurrence caused by incomplete residual/microstone clearance.

Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Hybrid Rye Ground to Two Particle Sizes and Fed With or Without Multienzyme Supplement to Young Growing Pigs.

A newly developed hybrid rye with enhanced ergot resistance has potential as an alternative energy source for pigs. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of particle size (PS) and multienzyme supplement (MES) on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in hybrid rye fed to growing pigs. Bono and Gatano, two hybrid rye varieties, were ground to either a coarse (1111 and 1210 μm) or a fine (594 and 717 μm) PS using a hammer mill. Eighteen ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW = 18.2 ± 1.0 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a replicated 9 × 3 incomplete Latin square design to give six observations per treatment. Among the nine experimental diets, eight featured two hybrid rye varieties (Bono or Gatano), either coarsely or finely ground, as the only source of AA with or without MES, while an N-free diet was used to estimate the endogenous losses of AA at the distal ileum. All diets contained titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker. Each period lasted 9 days, with the first 5 days being for adaptation followed by 2 days each for faecal and ileal digesta collection. Data were analysed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with the final model having variety, PS, MES, their two-way interactions, and a three-way interaction. No interactions were noted except that the apparent ileal digestibility and SID of crude protein (CP) and most AA in Gatano had greater effects of MES than Bono (Variety × MES; p < 0.05). The ATTD of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE) and CP were greater (p < 0.05) in Bono diets than in Gatano diets. Finely ground hybrid rye diets had higher (p < 0.05) ATTD of neutral detergent fibre assayed with a heat stable amylase and expressed inclusive of residual ash (NDF) and ether extract compared to coarsely ground hybrid rye diets. Dietary MES supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the ATTD of DM, GE, CP, NDF, acid detergent fibre expressed inclusive of residual ash, and ash in hybrid rye diets. In conclusion, the nutrients digestibility of hybrid rye can be affected by its variety. PS reduction improved the nutrient digestibility in hybrid rye, and MES supplementation improved the energy and AA digestibility in hybrid rye fed to growing pigs.

A Non-Contact AI-Based Approach to Multi-Failure Detection in Avionic Systems

The increasing electrification and integration of advanced controls in modern aircraft designs have significantly raised the number and complexity of installed printed circuit boards (PCBs), posing new challenges for efficient maintenance and rapid failure detection. Despite self-diagnostic features in current avionics systems, circuit damage and multiple simultaneous failures may arise, compromising safety and diagnostic accuracy. To address these challenges, this paper aims to develop a fast, accurate, and non-destructive, multi-failure diagnosis algorithm for PCBs. The proposed method combines a self-attention mechanism with an adaptive graph convolutional neural network to enhance diagnostic precision. A convolutional neural network with residual connections extracts features from scalar magnetic field data, ensuring robust input diversity. The model was tested on a typical dual-phase amplitude boosting circuit with up to four different simultaneous failures, achieving the experimental results of 99.08%, 98.50%, 98.78%, 98.01%, 98.93%, 98.25%, 97.03%, and 99.77% across metrics including overall precision, per-class precision, overall recall, per-class recall, overall F1 measure, and per-class F1 measure. The results demonstrated its effectiveness and feasibility in diagnosing complex PCBs with multiple failures, indicating the algorithm’s potential to improve failure diagnosis performance and offer a promising PCB diagnosis solution in aerospace applications.

Analysis, Quantification and Identification of Pesticides from Lettuce in Ouagadougou City (Burkina Faso)

In Burkina Faso, chemical inputs are used massively in market gardening to increase the yields. The misuse of these chemicals is responsible of contamination of market garden products, leading to the rapid rotting of vegetables. The objective of this study was to determine the pesticides in chemical inputs applied on vegetables produced in Ouagadougou City. To do this, lettuce has been sampled from producers in three sites (Tanghin, Boulmiougou and Kossodo) and pesticides amounts have been analyzed using Gas Chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Chemical analyses have carried out on three lettuce samples and the extraction of chemical input residues was done according to QuEChERS (Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe) method. Results revealed the presence of six (06) pesticide molecules (chlordimeform, quintozene, lindane, cypermethrin, α-cypermethrin, δ-deltamethrin) in Boulmiougou sample, four (04) molecules (methomyl, cypermethrin, α-cypermethrin, δ-deltamethrin) in Kossodo sample and three (03) molecules (cypermethrin, α-cypermethrin, δ-deltamethrin) in Tanghin sample. In this regard, analysis of pesticide amount revealed that the quantity of molecules was acceptable for the consumer, but these pesticides could contribute to the rapid rotting of our vegetables which generates economic and social losses for the country.

Evaluation of green residues management of selected grape varieties

The paper presents the possibilities of energy management of residues from the cultivation of grapes of the ‘Regent’, ‘Rondo’ and ‘Seyval Blanc’ cultivars. The research was conducted in southeastern Poland in the Sandomierska Upland in 2022. The aim of the research was to demonstrate the influence of grape variety on yield capacity in relation to the extraction of biomass residues in the form of leaves. An attempt was made to identify the variety that is characterised by obtaining the most effective and average parameters, i.e. yield size and quality, leaf mass and surface area, and their impact on energy and fuel parameters. The study analysed the following crop parameters, i.e. number and mass of grapes, number and mass of berries; leaf quality parameters, i.e. mass including petioles and area. An energy assessment in Laboratory in Department of Power Engineering and Transportation was carried out by performing proximate and ultimate analysis and estimating emission factors and volumetric composition of exhaust gas. The study showed that the material with the highest energy potential was characterised by ‘Regent’, while the lowest potential was shown for ‘Rondo’. Grapevines of the ‘Rondo’ cultivar were characterised by the highest obtained biomass among the evaluated varieties. The research showed that the most effective in practical cultivation is the use of the Regent variety, which was characterised by the average parameters of the obtained yield and growth values, and the highest fuel energy potential.

Ultrasound-assisted continuous flow synthesis of natural phenolic-coated Fe3O4 for magnetic solid phase extraction of tetracycline residues in honey

Waste rubber bark abundant in phenolics can be used to produce an adsorbent for the enrichment and determination of tetracycline. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4 MNPs) coated with naturally extracted phenolics from waste rubber bark were synthesized for the first time by ultrasound combined with a continuous flow approach. The production of Fe3O4 MNPs with effective contact surface areas (45.3 m2 g−1) was employed as a novel attractive sorbent in magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) to selectively preconcentrate oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline before HPLC-UV analysis. This MSPE-HPLC exhibited wide linear ranges (14.0–260.0 μg kg−1), with low limits of detection (10.0 μg kg−1) and quantitation (14.0–20.0 μg kg−1), and was successfully applied to quantify tetracycline residues in honey samples, with recoveries ranging from 81.3 % to 117.9 %. This method offers a potential alternative for determining tetracycline in food with a high enrichment factor, high precision, and more effective accuracy, selectivity, and sensitivity.

Physicochemical and Antioxidative Properties of Protein Hydrolysates from Residual Goat Placenta Extract by Two Different Methods.

Protein hydrolysates from the goat placenta provide multiple benefits, such as immune system enhancement, antioxidant activities, and reductions in uric acid levels. Despite these benefits, their industrial applications have been underexplored. This study aimed to prepare extract protein hydrolysates (GPERPs) from residual goat placenta extract (GPER) and assess their functional properties, focusing on how different drying methods influence these properties. The essential amino acid contents were 30.94% for the GPER and 34.11% for the GPERPs. Moreover, all the essential amino acids were present, and the amino acid score (AAS) for each exceeded 1.0 in the GPERPs. The foaming properties of the spray-dried GPERPs (95.56 ± 5.89%) were significantly greater than those of the freeze-dried GPERPs (49.13 ± 4.17%) at pH values of 4.0~10.0. The emulsion stability (ES) of the spray-dried GPERPs (453.44 ± 8.13 min) was notably greater than that of the freeze-dried GPERPs (245.58 ± 7.12 min). Furthermore, the water retention capacity (WRC) of the freeze-dried GPERPs (201.49 ± 6.12%) was significantly greater than that of the spray-dried GPERPs (103.35 ± 7.13%), except at pH 10.0 (101.44 ± 8.13%). Similarly, at pH values of 6.0, 8.0, and 10.0, the oil retention capacity (ORC) of the freeze-dried GPERPs (715.58 ± 12.15%) was significantly greater than that of the spray-dried GPERPs (560.56 ± 11.15%), although the opposite trend was noted under acidic conditions. In terms of the antioxidant activity, the ability of the goat placenta extract residual protein hydrolysates (GPERPs) to scavenge DPPH radicals and superoxide anion radicals increased with the increasing peptide powder concentration, and the maximum scavenging rates of the DPPH radicals (39.5 ± 0.56%) and superoxide anions (81.2 ± 0.54%) in the freeze-dried peptide powder were greater than those in the spray-dried peptide powder. These findings contribute to the understanding of the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of GPERPs under various drying methods and provide fundamental data for the development of functional foods based on GPERPs.

Effect of integrated pest management practices on the occurrence of pesticide residue in okra cultivated by farmers in Kwara state.

Integrated pest management (IPM) is a sustainable approach for minimizing the negative impacts of pests on crops while reducing reliance on synthetic pesticides. This study was conducted in Kwara State Nigeria in 2023, to investigate the effects of implementation of IPM practices on the occurrence of pesticide residues in okra cultivated by the farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria, and identify the factors affecting the use of IPM practices for pest control in okra production. A sample of 245 okra farmers was selected across 4 agricultural zones of Kwara State using a multistage sampling technique. Additionally, okra samples were collected from the farmers of each community of the local government areas. The data collected from the farmers were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency count, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson product moment correlation (PPMC). The collected okra samples were taken to the laboratory for pesticide residue extraction and analysis was performed using gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometer (MS). The results showed that most okra producers in Kwara State were smallholder farmers who, despite practicing IPM, had limited knowledge of the technology. Some pesticide residues were detected in okra, out of which two were present in quantities above the maximum residue limit, while others were below the maximum residue limit. Therefore, this study recommends that the government should improve extension services in the State by providing adequate funds and training extension agents who can provide comprehensive training to farmers on the types and application of IPM as an eco-friendly technology for preventing pesticide residue in okra.

The Addition of Hot Water Extract of Juncao-Substrate Ganoderma lucidum Residue to Diets Enhances Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Intestinal Health in Broilers.

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of Hot Water Extract of Juncao-substrate Ganoderma lucidum Residue (HWE-JGLR) on the immune function and intestinal health of yellow-feather broilers. In an animal feeding experiment, 288 male yellow-feather broilers (1 day old) were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with six replicates of 12 birds each. The control (CON) group was fed a basal diet. HJ-1, HJ-2, and HJ-3 were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.00% HWE-JGLR, respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 63 d. The results showed increased ADFI (p = 0.033) and ADG (p = 0.045) of broilers in HJ-3, compared with the CON group. Moreover, higher contents of serum IL-4 and IL-10 and gene expression of IL-4 and IL-10 in jejunum mucosa and lower contents of serum IL-1β and gene expression of IL-1β in jejunum mucosa in HJ-3 were observed (p < 0.05). Additionally, the jejunal mucosal gene expression of Claudin-1 and ZO-1 in HJ-2 and HJ-3 was higher than that in the CON group (p < 0.05). As for the microbial community, compared with the CON group, the ACE index, Shannon index, and Shannoneven index of cecal microorganisms in HJ-2 and HJ-3 were elevated (p < 0.05). PCoA analysis showed that the cecal microbial structure of broilers in HJ-2 and HJ-3 was different from the CON group (p < 0.05). In contrast with the CON group, the broilers in HJ-2 and HJ-3 possessed more abundant Desulfobacterota at the phylum level and unclassified Lachnospiraceae, norank Clostridia vadinBB60 group and Blautia spp. at the genus level, while Turicibacter spp. and Romboutsia spp. were less (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with HWE-JGLR can improve growth performance, enhance body immunity and intestinal development, and maintain the cecum microflora balance of yellow-feather broilers.

Hydrophobic melamine sponge incorporated with carbon dots as a green sorbent for micro-solid phase extraction of triazole fungicide residues in edible fungi samples

Fabrication of hydrophobic melamine sponge incorporated with carbon dots was investigated to extract triazoles prior to HPLC-DAD quantitation. The melamine sponge was simply incorporated with carbon dots via thermal treatment under facile conditions. The optimum conditions were melamine sponge (MeS) (1 × 1 × 1 cm3), 10 mL of standard solution, 0.04 M citric acid, functionalized at 250 °C for 5 h, and the analytes was then eluted from as-prepared material using acetonitrile (200 µL). Operating the best conditions, wide linearity was gained with R2 ≥ 0.99, for all analytes. Detection limits established varied between 3–10 μg L−1. Such approached method demonstrates excellent applicability for accurately and efficiently determining triazole fungicides in edible fungi samples, and a good recovery was also obtained. In addition, the desirable method validation and cost effective, not only its potential for reuse, but also provides it a better alternative for matrix purification. The appraisal estimated by two methods, confirmed its superior environmental friendliness.

A Lightweight Recurrent Learning Network for Sustainable Compressed Sensing

Recently, deep learning-based compressed sensing (CS) has achieved great success in reducing the sampling and computational cost of sensing systems and improving the reconstruction quality. These approaches, however, largely overlook the issue of the computational cost; they rely on complex structures and task-specific operator designs, resulting in extensive storage and high energy consumption in CS imaging systems. In this article, we propose a lightweight but effective deep neural network based on recurrent learning to achieve a sustainable CS system; it requires a smaller number of parameters but obtains high-quality reconstructions. Specifically, our proposed network consists of an initial reconstruction sub-network and a residual reconstruction sub-network. While the initial reconstruction sub-network has a hierarchical structure to progressively recover the image, reducing the number of parameters, the residual reconstruction sub-network facilitates recurrent residual feature extraction via recurrent learning to perform both feature fusion and deep reconstructions across different scales. In addition, we also demonstrate that, after the initial reconstruction, feature maps with reduced sizes are sufficient to recover the residual information, and thus we achieved a significant reduction in the amount of memory required. Extensive experiments illustrate that our proposed model can achieve a better reconstruction quality than existing state-of-the-art CS algorithms, and it also has a smaller number of network parameters than these algorithms. Our source codes are available at: <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/C66YU/CSRN</uri> .

Bioactive Compounds Investigation and Antioxidant Activities in Extracts and Fractions of Tamarindus Indica (Aradib) From Sudan

Tamarindus indica is commonly used interest in Sudan for edible plant and medicinal use. This study aimed to determine bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities in extracts and fractions of Tamarindus indica pulp grown in Sudan. The powdered plant was extracted with ethanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone using an ultrasonic technique. The residue of the ethanol extract was fractionated using successive solvents. The extracts and fractions were determined for their phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins contents, and analyzed bioactive compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometer, and also evaluate their antioxidant activities using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl, reducing power and hydrogen peroxide scavenging methods. The results show that the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total tannins levels were significantly higher in the ethyl acetate fraction than in other extracts and fractions. GC-MS analyses of extracts and fractions showed a variety of bioactive compounds such as Hexadecanoic acid, Stigmasterol, Maltol, Sitosterol, Vitamin E, Allose, Tartaric acid, and Vaccenic acid. All the extracts and fractions exhibited good antioxidant activities. The extracts and fractions of Tamarindus indica pulp are sources of natural antioxidants and other bioactive compounds, which are beneficial effects on human health and the possibility of application in the pharmaceutical industry.

A Hybrid Approach for Face Morphing Detection

Background: In biometrics, one of the most popular study topics is the detection of face morphing attacks. However, because present methods are unable to capture significant feature changes, they are unable to strike the correct balance between accuracy and complexity. Survey investigation and analysis have shown that the existing method of face morphing detection take a bit longer time to detect the image attack due to the high computation required by facial feature extraction approaches. Conversely, further study is needed to develop a model to enhance the computational time and accuracy of the current face morphing recognition methods. The paper developed a hybrid model for face morphing detection. The FERET database was created to aid in the evaluation and development of algorithms. Local Binary Pattern (LBP) was used as feature extraction algorithm and Residue Number System (RNS) was introduced to reduce the lengthy computational time of LBP during the extraction of images. The classification accuracy of 98% was achieved for the FERET database, while an accuracy of 96% was achieved for the FRGCv2 database. An average training time of 0.0532seconds was recorded for the FERET database, while an average training time of 0.0582seconds was achieved for the FRGCv2 database. The study concluded that the high dimensionality of LBP was well reduced and optimized by the RNS algorithm, which improved the performance of face morphing recognition.

Combined hot water extract of lentil and grass pea increase weed control efficiency and yield of boro rice

The agriculture sector is continuously adopting environmentally friendly and sustainable methods to reduce the harmful effects of herbicides on crop production. In this context, an experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory (AFL), Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, from December 2021 to May 2022, to investigate the effect of combined hot water extracts of lentil and grass peas (ELG) on weed control efficiency and yield performance of boro rice. The experiment involved four varieties of boro rice (BAU dhan3, BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan81, and BRRI dhan96) and four treatments of crop residues. For most weed species, varieties and crop residue extracts significantly impacted weed population (WP) and weed dry weight (DW). The highest numbers of effective tillers (NET) hill-1, numbers of spikelets panicle-1 (NSP), 1000-grain weight (TGW), grain yield (GY), and straw yield (SY) were observed in the three-times hand weeding treatment. This was followed by the combination of hot water ELG applied as a pre-emergence treatment three days after transplanting and post-emergence ten days after transplanting, with the lowest values found in the no-extract treatment. Considering interaction effects, the highest GY (7.07 t ha-1) and SY (8.23 t ha-1) were observed with hand weeding combined with the variety BAU dhan3. The results of this study indicated that hand weeding, followed by the combined application ELG crop residue, showed potential activity to suppress WP and significantly affected the yield of boro rice.

The Preparation and Characterization of an Alginate–Chitosan-Active Bilayer Film Incorporated with Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) Residue Extract

The agricultural production of asparagus generates a significant number of residues rich in bioactive compounds, most of which are wasted. In this study, active edible films with antioxidant and antibacterial properties for food packaging were developed using ethanolic extracts obtained from asparagus residues. These ethanolic extracts of asparagus residue (AspE) were incorporated (1 y 4 wt%) into sodium alginate (SA) solutions for the preparation of alginate–chitosan (SA/CS) bilayer films using the casting method, and they were characterized by optical, structural, mechanical, and thermal properties. In addition, the total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity were determined. The results showed that the SA/CS film with 1% AspE had better optical, structural, mechanical, and thermal properties due to its color, flexibility, and homogeneity. Both films incorporated with AspE exhibited antioxidant and antibacterial activity, with higher activity in the film with 4% AspE. However, this film showed shrinkage and surface irregularities that make its application in food packaging difficult, so the formulation with 1% AspE was considered better for this type of application. This study shows that asparagus residues can be a valuable source of bioactive compounds for the food industry, indicating the potential for the valorization of this agri-food waste.