Soybean Extract Research Articles

Exploring Black Soybean Extract Cream for Inflammatory Dermatitis—Toward Radiation Dermatitis Relief

We aimed to evaluate the effect of black soybean extract cream (BSEC) on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced dermatitis in murine models mimicking inflammatory dermatitis observed in humans. In this DNCB-induced model, BALB/c mice were spread with 100 μL of 2% DNCB twice a week for two weeks to induce skin inflammation on the shaved back skin; then, a placebo or BSEC that consisted of the volatile fraction derived from the seeds of Glycine max (L.) Merr. was applied to the DNCB-sensitized mice for 7 days. Gross visual analysis was conducted to assess the impact of BSEC on dermatitis, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was subsequently performed to detect inflammatory cytokines in the presence or absence of BSEC after DNCB sensitization. Lastly, the possible mechanisms responsible for the effects of BSEC on inflammatory dermatitis were investigated in a human leukemia monocytic cell line, THP-1. Our study showed that BSEC displayed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. BSEC has the ability to diminish dermatitis, and all three experiments demonstrated that BSEC effectively reduced the progression of dermatitis while significantly suppressing inflammatory responses in the preclinical models. Consequently, BSEC exhibited promising phytotherapy for inflammatory dermatitis, potentially attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Common Home Remedies Do Not Deter Argentine Ants, Linepithema humile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), from a Preferred Harborage.

In two laboratory trials, natural products, including freshly picked leaves from spearmint, rosemary, and tansy plants, a water extract from soybean plants, peels from a common cucumber, and 1% peppermint oil in hexane, were placed in a moist harborage preferred by Argentine ants, Linepithema humile (Mayr), and the number of ants entering the harborage after two and four hours was counted. None of the recommended home remedies (tansy, cucumber, or soybean extract) deterred ants from an attractive, moist harborage in either trial, even when the quantity of these treatments was increased 4- to 10-fold. Freshly picked leaves from rosemary and spearmint plants deterred ants from harboring, and the 1% peppermint oil was the most deterrent of all treatments.

Soybean Extract Ameliorates Lung Injury induced by Uranium Inhalation: An integrated strategy of network pharmacology, metabolomics, and transcriptomics

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of soybean extract (SE) against uranium-induced lung injury in rats. Materials and methodsA rat lung injury model was established through nebulized inhalation of uranyl nitrate. Pretreatment with SE or sterile water (control group) by gavage for seven days before uranium exposure and until the experiment endpoints. The levels of uranium in lung tissues were detected by ICP-MS. Paraffin embedding-based hematoxylin & eosin staining and Masson’s staining for the lung tissue were performed to observe the histopathological imaging features. A public database was utilized to analyze the network pharmacological association between SE and lung injury. The expression levels of proteins indicating fibrosis were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RNA-seq transcriptomic and LC-MS/MS targeted metabolomics were conducted in lung tissues. ResultsUranium levels in the lung tissues were lower in SE-pretreated rats than in the uranium-treated group. Inflammatory cell infiltration and the deposition of extracellular matrix were attenuated, and the levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor beta1, and hydroxyproline decreased in SE-pretreated rats compared to the uranium-treated group. Active ingredients of SE were related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and drug metabolism. A total of 67 differentially expressed genes and 39 differential metabolites were identified in the SE-pretreated group compared to the uranium-treated group, focusing on the drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, glutathione metabolism, IL-17 signaling pathway, complement, and coagulation cascades. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that SE may ameliorate uranium-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis by regulating glutathione metabolism, chronic inflammation, and immune regulation.

1H-NMR-based metabolomic profiling and proteomic analysis of soybean (Glycine max L.) in response to dicarboxylic acids (photon) application as a stress priming agent

Soybean (Glycinemax L.) serves not only as food for humans, animals, and industrial purposes, but is also a plant that can be used to comprehend molecular mechanisms occurring in stress response to various development techniques. To reveal the effect of applying dicarboxylic acids as stress priming agents on a metabolic level in soybean leaf extracts, the chemical profile of methanolic extracts were collected at different time points (1 h, 2 h, 12 h, 24 h, 1 week, 2 weeks and 3 weeks) after spraying were analyzed using 1H-NMR based metabolomics by way of PCA and OPLS-DA. The OPLS-DA revealed several metabolites, including organic acids (fumarate, citrate and malate) and amino acids (asparagine, alanine and GABA), which accumulated in higher amounts, with fumarate accumulating the highest in Glycinemax L. leaf extracts compared to untreated leaves. Denaturing 1DE gels were prepared for MS-based protein analysis and the presence of fatty acids (linolenic, oleic and α-linolenic acid) were confirmed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which served as jasmonic acid precursors. The MS-based profiling of proteins on the denaturing 1DE gels revealed several proteins that were differentiated between the treated and untreated leaf extracts. These proteins included ferritins, CaM, ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase and chalcone-flavanone isomerase 1A. Following the treatment, fumarate was significantly elevated at 12 h to 3 weeks, compared to other compounds. It is, therefore, proposed that elevated quantities of fumarate could be related to the KEAP1-NRF2 metabolic pathway. This study represents the initial investigation of the effect of dicarboxylic acid application as a stress priming agent on Glycinemax L. using 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis, GC-MS and proteomic analysis.

Enhanced anti-influenza activity of fermented yellow soybean extract and daidzein co-treatment on MDCK cells

Enhanced anti-influenza activity of fermented yellow soybean extract and daidzein co-treatment on MDCK cells

Natural glyceollin soybean extracts elicited with Aspergillus sojae reduce estrogen-dependent breast cancer growth in orally fed mice.

Previous studies have demonstrated antiestrogenic and antiproliferative effects of these molecules in breast cancer cells. Notably, we have reported that pure synthetic glyceollins I and II act through various pathways, including ERα, FOXM1, AhR, and HIF pathways to inhibit cell proliferation and migration. In this study, the potential antitumor activity of glyceollins enriched in crude soybean extracts, obtained by solid fermentation with Aspergillus sojae, was investigated in vivo on MCF-7 breast cancer cells implanted in the chorioallantoic membrane of the chick egg and on ovariectomized nude mice. The first trial showed a substantial reduction in the migration of MCF-7 cells treated with the natural extracts. However, the natural extracts significantly reduced the estrogen-dependent growth of transplanted tumors in orally fed nude mice. Our results showed that natural soybean extracts slightly but significantly reduced estrogen-dependent growth of the transplanted tumors in orally fed nude mice. These results were confirmed by immunohistochemistry of Ki-67 and histone H3S10 phosphorylation (H3S10P), revealing lower expression of these proliferation markers in the transplanted tumors from mice fed with the fermented extracts. Additionally, compared to the control animals, we observed a lower expression of angiogenesis markers such as CD31 and CD34. Surprisingly, transcriptomic analysis of RNA from transplanted MCF-7 cells revealed no differential gene expression. These results may suggest that orally consumed natural glyceollins exert biological effects throughout the body, acting indirectly to reduce tumor angiogenesis and consequently tumor volume. Overall, our results indicate that glyceollins, elicited components of the soy origin, hold potential therapeutic applications for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.

Soybean extract inhibits influenza virus entry: Mechanistic insights.

Influenza viruses pose significant public health threats because they can cause seasonal outbreaks and global pandemics. Current preventive measures, including vaccines and antiviral drugs, are limited by their low efficacy and the emergence of drug-resistant viruses. Addressing these issues necessitates the development of novel preventive and treatment methods. Our previous work highlighted the inhibitory effects of soybean hydrothermal extract on influenza virus growth. In this study, we aimed to delve into the mechanism underlying the antiviral activity, specifically the inhibition of viral entry. Our findings reveal that soybean extract significantly inhibited the stages of viral entry during a viral infection and hindered virus uptake by cells. Fluorescence microscopy of stained viral nucleoproteins demonstrated viral localization on the cell membrane in soybean-treated cells, highlighting a distinctive pattern compared to the control cells where the virus was internalized. Soybean extract targeted the clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway, as evidenced by 76% inhibition using a clathrin-dependent marker (transferrin). The identification of soybean inhibitors underscores the need for further investigation and offers potential for innovative antiviral interventions.

Exploiting Soybean and Flaxseed Meal Byproducts as Safe Weed Management Approaches in Onion Field

The intensive and repeated use of chemical herbicides has led to the emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds, which, in addition to their environmental impacts, also pose significant threats to human and animal health. This study aimed to explore the potential of oilseed industrial wastes, specifically soybean and flaxseed meals, as safe and environmentally friendly bioherbicides for controlling weeds associated with onion crops. Two field experiments were conducted along two successive winter of 2020/21 and 2021/22. Treatments involved foliar spray of soybean and flaxseed meals in three different concentrations (15, 30 and 45%), mulching of seed meals, oxyfluorfen herbicide, two hand hoeing and untreated weedy check. The findings demonstrated that all weed control treatments significantly reduced weed density, biomass and nutrient uptake. Two hand hoeing, oxyfluorfen herbicide and the mulching of soybean and flaxseed meals alternated in the top rank for weed control, showing minimal significant differences among them. Following these effective treatments, soybean meal extracts at 45 and 30% exhibited notable weed control compared to the weedy check. The greatest enhancement in onion growth, yield characteristics and bulb quality was observed with the application of hand hoeing, soybean and flaxseed meal mulching treatments, with no significant differences between them. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation of both meals identified various phenolic acids at different concentrations. Practically, these safe efficient treatments proved progress on chemical herbicide. Hence, onion farmers are advised to apply soybean and flaxseed meals mulching safe treatments as alternative to harmful chemical herbicides under all experimental conditions.

The Effect of pH and Temperature on The Stability of Anthocyanins from Black Soybean Skin Extracts

Anthocyanins are natural dyes of purple and red. Anthocyanin dyes are applied in various industries as a drink or food coloring. As natural dyes, anthocyanins have an important role in human health. This research aimed to analyze the stability of anthocyanins from black soybean skin extract at varying pH and temperature. Anthocyanins from black soybean skins are macerated using two kinds of solvents. The solvents are distilled water + 30% citric acid and 70% ethanol + 1% HCl. Maceration was carried out at a temperature of 4℃. Then the anthocyanin was treated at a temperature range of 40-90℃ and pH of 5-9 and its absorbance was measured using UV-Vis’s spectrometry. The concentration of anthocyanin from black soybean skins is from the solvent distilled water + 30% citric acid of 1.992 mg/L, while from the solvent 70% ethanol + 1% HCl it was 1.936 mg/L. The color stability temperature t of black soybean skin extract was carried out at temperatures of 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C. with respective absorbance of 0.274; 0.247; 0.237; 0.227; and 0.214. The higher the temperature, the anthocyanin content decreases. pH test was carried out at pH 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 with respective absorbance values of 1.831; 1,759; 1,229; 1,118; and 1,066. The pH test showed that the higher the pH, the anthocyanin content was reduced, while the application of additional anthocyanin to white agar as food coloring showed that the anthocyanin content was only 0.125. It can be concluded that anthocyanins have good stability at low temperatures and acidic pH.

An enzyme-free fluorescence sensing platform based on multiplex toehold-mediated strand displacement for point-of-care testing of single nucleotide polymorphisms

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of biomedical diseases, as well as important reference markers for intelligent design and breeding of animals and plants. Therefore, the development of high-sensitivity, practicability, and convenient SNPs sensing strategies and detection platforms is of great significance. In this study, we pioneered an ultra-sensitive universal sensing strategy for single base mutation detection and an enzyme-free FRET fluorescence sensing point-of-care testing (POCT) platform for SNP detection. Based on the thermodynamically regulated strand replacement mechanism, the system rationally introduced extra base mismatches and combined multiple toehold-mediated strand displacement (TMSD) reactions to achieve enzyme-free recognition of the single base mutation and double amplification of the detection signal. Finally, the biological signal of the mutant target (MT) was recognized, amplified, and transduced into a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) signal between Cy3 and Cy5 for output. Overall, the proposed biosensing strategy demonstrated high sensitivity for MT, with a detection limit as low as 0.37 fM, and could achieve detection of targets with mutant abundances as low as 0.1 %. Moreover, a portable detection system was assembled in conjunction with this sensing strategy to form a POCT platform for SNP genotyping. This POCT platform was validated to accurately identify SNPs from human cancer cells and soybean leaf genome extracts. In summary, this study will provide new insights into the design of enzyme-free biosensors for SNP detection, and will provide important technical support tools for the prevention and diagnosis of major diseases, animal and plant breeding, etc.

Secondary metabolites of soybean seeds variety locus and their spatial arrangement, represented by laser microscopy

The purpose of this study is a detailed metabolomic analysis using tandem mass spectrometry of the soybean variety Locus, selected from the collection of the Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Far East named after A. K. Chaika», to identify both the polyphenolic composition of seeds and the determination of other chemical groups in the composition of the seed. Tandem mass spectrometry studies were further supported by visual data obtained for the first time using laser microscopy. The object of the study is the seeds of the soybean variety Locus, grown in 2022 at the field site of the soybean breeding laboratory of the Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Far East named after A. K. Chaika», located in the village of Timiryazevsky (near the city of Ussuriysk). Experiments were carried out on a CLSM-800 laser confocal microscope and mass spectrometry of biologically active substances on an amaZon SL ion trap. Laser microscopy made it possible to clarify in detail the spatial distribution of the content of phenolic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins in soybean seeds. The studies were able to convincingly show that soybean polyphenolic substances and, in particular, anthocyanins are spatially localized mainly in the soybean seed coat. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap (tandem mass spectrometry) was used to identify target analytes in soybean seed extracts. Using tandem mass spectrometry, the presence of 59 compounds was identified, of which 35 compounds represent the group of polyphenolic compounds. 15 compounds were identified for the first time in soybean extracts of the Locus variety. These are flavones: apigenin, acacetin, cirsimaritin; tetrahydroxyflavone aromadendrin 7-O-rhamnoside; lignan medioresinol; coumarin tomentin and other polyphenolic compounds. The data obtained will help intensify future research on the development and production of new drugs, dietary supplements, food additives and various functional and specialized products containing targeted soybean extracts.

Fiber Content and Antioxidant Activity of Chiapuding from Chia Seeds and Soybean Extract with Temple Flower Extract as a Dilution for Obesite Teenagers

The aim of this research was to analyze the fiber content and antioxidant activity in pudding made from chia seeds and soybean juice with butterfly pea flower extract. The type of research is experimental research, with the RAL (Completely Randomized Design) method, which is carried out by adding chia seeds to making pudding with 5 treatments, namely F0 (0%), F1 (2%), F2 (4%), F3 (6%) and F4 (8%). Fiber content analysis using the AOAC method and antioxidant activity analysis using the DPPH method were carried out at the Lampung State Polytechnic Laboratory. Data processing was carried out by ANOVA and Duncan tests using SPSS 20. The results of statistical tests on fiber content showed that there was no effect of adding chia seeds to making pudding with a p-value = 0.106 even though there was an increase in each formula. The highest fiber content in F4 (8%) is 5.86% or 5.8 gr/100 gr pudding, which can meet daily fiber needs, namely 2.7 -3.7 gr/day. The results of statistical tests on antioxidant activity show that there is an effect of adding chia seeds to make pudding with a p-value = 0.000. The highest IC50 antioxidant activity was in F4 (8%) at 6090 µg/mL, even though the IC50 value was in the weak category, the smaller the IC50 value, the stronger the antioxidant was in warding off free radicals. Based on research results, the more chia seed formula added, the higher the fiber content and the higher the IC50 antioxidant activity.

Proteomic Characterization of a Lunasin-Enriched Soybean Extract Potentially Useful in the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection.

Helicobacter pylori infection affects over 50% of the world's population and leads to chronic inflammation and gastric disorders, being the main pathogen correlated to gastric cancer development. Increasing antibiotic resistance levels are a major global concern and alternative treatments are needed. Soybean peptides and other compounds might be an alternative in the treatment to avoid, eradicate and/or control symptoms of H. pylori infection. This study aimed to characterize a lunasin-enriched soybean extract (LSE) using proteomics tools and to evaluate its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties against H. pylori infection. By LC-MS/MS analysis, 124 proteins were identified, with 2S albumin (lunasin and large-chain subunits) being the fourth most abundant protein (8.9%). Lunasin consists of 44 amino acid residues and an intramolecular disulfide bond. LSE at a low dose (0.0625 mg/mL) reduced ROS production in both H. pylori-infected and non-infected AGS gastric cells. This led to a significant reduction of 6.71% in the levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-8. LSE also showed antibacterial activity against H. pylori, which can be attributed to other soybean proteins and phenolic compounds. Our findings suggest that LSE might be a promising alternative in the management of H. pylori infection and its associated symptoms.

Characterization of Soybean Extract Drinks Using Ambon Banana Peel Waste as a Source of Calcium

Characterization of Soybean Extract Drinks Using Ambon Banana Peel Waste as a Source of Calcium

Characteristics of soy films as affected by transglutaminase cross-linking and inclusions of pectin and protein enhancers.

Previously, we showed that water extract (soymilk, except pH was increased to 8 from 6.5) of whole soybean could be used directly as a raw material for producing edible soy films by deposition of the film-forming solution (soy extract with enhancers). However, the strength of such soy films needed improvement because they were weak. The purpose of this study was to investigate how transglutaminase (TG) cross-linking reactions and film enhancers, including pectin (low- and high-methoxyl pectin), whey protein isolate (WPI), and soy protein isolate (SPI), improve the physical properties of soy films. Soy films prepared with TG had tensile strength (TS) of 3.01MPa and puncture strength (PS) of 0.78MPa, which were higher by as much as 51% and 30% than that of soy films without TG treatment, respectively. Pectin showed significant effects on the mechanical properties of TG-added soy films in terms of TS, PS, and % elongation. On the other hand, only TS and PS were increased by the addition of WPI or SPI. Heat curing had a significant effect on soy film's physical properties. TG treatment significantly reduced film solubility when soaked in water and various levels of acid (vinegar) and base (baking soda) solutions. Under the experimental conditions of 35 unit TG and 28min of reaction, the degrees of cross-linking were evidenced by the disappearance of individual protein subunits, except the basic subunit of glycinin, and the reduction of 21% of lysine residues of the proteins. HIGHLIGHTS: Edible soy films were made with transglutaminase and about 21% lysine cross-linked. The mechanical strength of soy films was increased by incorporating film enhancers. Transglutaminase enhanced the mechanical properties of soy films.

UPLC-MS based lipidomics analysis on optimization of soybean phosphatidylethanolamine extraction

Soybean-derived phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a valuable phospholipid component yet its high-purity form is costly and its molecular structure is poorly understood. The present study combined solvent extraction and cryopurification to purify PE. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: material-liquid ratio 1:15 (g/mL), ethanol base concentration 100:4 (Vanhydrous ethanol /V25% ammonia), extraction temperature 40 °C, time 60 min, extraction twice. The cryopurification conditions were: material-liquid ratio 1:60, ethanol base concentration 100:6 (Vanhydrous ethanol/V25% ammonia), freezing temperature − 20 °C, time 20 h. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis revealed phospholipid composition of raw material, crude product, and purified product. The results showed that the purity of PE in the purified products was 76.74%, and the yield was 72.43% under optimal conditions. 181 phospholipid molecules were quantified. The study successfully explored high-purity PE preparation method and the composition of PE product. It provides a basis for the subsequent exploration of its biofunction and potential applications.

Hairpin-Empowered Invasive Reaction Combined with Catalytic Hairpin Assembly Cascade Amplification for the Specific Detection of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms.

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is widely used in the study of disease-related genes and in the genetic study of animal and plant strains. Therefore, SNP detection is crucial for biomedical diagnosis and treatment as well as for molecular design breeding of animals and plants. In this regard, this article describes a novel technique for detecting SNP using flap endonuclease 1 (FEN 1) as a specific recognition element and catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) cascade reaction as a signal amplification strategy. The mutant target (MT) was hybridized with a biotin-modified upstream probe and hairpin-type downstream probe (DP) to form a specific three-base overlapping structure. Then, FEN 1 was employed for three-base overlapping structure-specific recognition, namely, the precise SNP site identification and the 5' flap of DP dissociation. After dissociation, the hybridized probes were magnetically separated by a streptavidin-biotin complex. Especially, the ability to establish such a hairpin-type DP provided a powerful tool that could be used to hide the cut sequence (CS) and avoid false-positive signals. The cleaved CS initiated the CHA reaction and allowed superior fluorescence signal generation. Owing to the high specificity of FEN 1 for single base recognition, only the MT could be distinguished from the wild-type target and mismatched DNA. Owing to the dual signal amplification, as low as 0.36 fM MT and 1% mutation abundance from the mixtures could be detected, respectively. Furthermore, it could accurately identify SNPs from human cancer cells, as well as soybean leaf genome extracts. This strategy paves the way for the development of more precise and sensitive tools for diagnosing early onset diseases as well as molecular design breeding tools.

A Standardized Extract of Green-Cotyledon Small Black Soybean (EYESOY®) Ameliorates Dry Eye Syndrome in an Animal Model

Purpose Dry eye syndrome is a common ocular disease that causes morbidity, high healthcare burden, and decreased quality of life. In this study, we evaluated the beneficial effects of a standardized extract of small black soybean (EYESOY®) in a benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced murine model of dry eye. Methods Experimental dry eye was induced by instillation of 0.02% BAC on the right eye of the Sprague-Dawley rats. Saline solution or EYESOY were administered orally every day for 8 weeks. Results EYESOY significantly improved tear volume in the cornea compared with that in the BAC group. Moreover, EYESOY inhibited damage to the corneal epithelial cells and lacrimal glands by suppressing the oxidative and inflammatory responses in a mouse dry eye model. It also increased the goblet cell density and mucin integrity in the conjunctiva. Conclusions Our results suggest that EYESOY has the potential to alleviate dry eye syndrome.

Semi-industrial Countercurrent Extraction of Soybean with 2-Methyloxolane for High-Quality Protein and Oil

Semi-industrial Countercurrent Extraction of Soybean with 2-Methyloxolane for High-Quality Protein and Oil

The Application of Pandan and Soybean Extracts on the Biosynthesis of Tin Oxide Nanoparticles

Development of benign and efficient approaches towards the replacement of the conventional methods for producing SnO2 nanoparticles (SnO2 NPs) has begun in which a biosynthesis process has been introduced. This study utilizes biomolecules, specifically the flavonoids and carbohydrate groups in pandan and soybean extracts. The biosynthesized nanoparticles underwent characterization through relevant spectroscopies. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed the absorption bands of SnO2 and Sn-O-Sn groups, with the complete disappearance of peaks associated with untreated pandan and soybean. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) indicated the formation of tetragonal structure in SnO2 NPs with primary peaks at 27o, 34o, and 51o. Additionally, UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) yielded band gap values of 4.86 and 3.45 eV for SnO2 NPs derived from pandan and soybean, respectively. In summary, the application of biosynthesized SnO2 NPs as a potential heterogeneous catalyst for purifying dye-polluted water through a photocatalytic process is highlighted.