Leaf Extract Research Articles

In Vitro and in-silico Anti-diabetic Evaluation of the Combination of Annona squamosa Linn., Leaf Extract and Oleanolic Acid

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder caused by insufficient insulin production from pancreatic β-cells or insulin resistance; its prevalence rapidly increases worldwide. Increasing reports indicate that most plant bioactive agents exhibited alternative and safe effects in managing DM. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic efficacy of the combination of Annona squamosa Linn. (AS) leaf extract and Oleanolic acid (OA) using in vitro and in-silico approaches. Methods: The leaf of AS was extracted by soxhlet extraction using n-hexane and methanol. The methanol extract of AS (MEAS) was subjected to GC-MS analysis. Quantification of total phenolic and flavonoid content and OA were carried out by HPLC and HPTLC analysis, respectively. In vitro antioxidant (DPPH, NO, and H2O2) and anti-diabetic (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) potentials of MEAS, OA, and a combination of MEAS and OA (MEAS + OA) were studied at different concentrations using ascorbic acid and acarbose as standard, respectively. An in-silico study determined their binding interactions with α-amylase (PDB ID-1B2Y) and α-glucosidase (PDB ID-3W37). Conclusion: We found that the combination of MEAS + OA exhibited the highest in vitro antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities compared to MEAS and OA. It concluded that OA has a significant role in potentiating the anti-diabetic effect of A. squamosa. Results: GC-MS analysis of MEAS revealed three major bioactives like bicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4- ene, 4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene-,[1R-(1R*,4Z,9S*)]-, germacrene D and undecane. The highest amount of phenolic (tannic acid and gallic acid) (150 μg/ml) and flavonoid (rutin and quercetin) (40 μg/ml) compounds were found in MEAS. OA was quantified as 356.74 ng/ml in MEAS by HPTLC. The significant inhibitory effects of MEAS, OA, and (MEAS + OA) on free radicals and α-amylase and α-glucosidase were observed concentration-dependent. However, MEAS + OA exhibited a greater percentage of inhibition than MEAS and OA alone. The in-silico analysis revealed highest docking-score of OA (-9.8 & -8.8), Germacrene D (-7.5 & -6.5) and Bicyclo[ 7.2.0]undec-4-ene, 4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylene-,[1R-(1R*,4Z,9S*)]-, (-7.0 & -6.4) against IB2Y and 3W37 proteins, respectively.

Green synthesis of nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with exposed {001} facets using Chromolaena odorata leaf extract for photodegradation of pollutants under visible light

Facet-tailored TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit exceptional properties due to high surface energy. Conventional strategies for the fabrication of such TiO2 NPs involve harmful chemicals, which necessitates the development of environmentally benign pathways. Plant extract-assisted synthesis has emerged as a promising green alternative to conventional nanomaterial synthesis. This work introduces an innovative method for the synthesis of nitrogen-doped TiO2 (N-TiO2) NPs with exposed {001} facets using the leaf extract of a weed plant Chromolaena odorata, which is commonly known as Siam weed. The synthesis was carried out by sol-gel process with triethylamine (TEA), hydrazine hydrate and urea being the nitrogen precursors. The synthesised N-TiO2 NPs exhibited exposed {001} facets and showed a reduction in band gap. Photo-induced degradation of methylene blue dye was used to analyse the photocatalytic capability of N-TiO2 NPs in the visible range. The effect of N precursor, N dosage and light exposure time on the catalytic efficacy was studied. N-TiO2 NPs derived from TEA with 1 mol.% dopant achieved 98 % degradation in 180 minutes, while those synthesized with hydrazine and urea attained 96 % and 93 %, respectively when compared to 90 % degradation for undoped samples. The N-doping leads to significant advancement of photocatalytic effectiveness of the TiO2 NPs by introducing mid-gap levels in the forbidden energy gap that diminishes the charge carrier-recombination and boost the charge-carrier mobility of TiO2. This along with the existence of high energy facets causes a substantial advancement in the photocatalytic function in the visible region. The proposed method is a sustainable way for synthesising N-TiO2 NPs with exposed {001} facets for environment remediation applications.

Isolation, characterization, and analysis of pure compounds from Leea macrophylla leaf extract for antibacterial, antidiabetic, cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity

This research aims to isolate, characterize, and analyze pure compounds from Leea macrophylla leaf extract to investigate its antibacterial, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, and phytotoxic effects. Fresh leaves were collected, dried, and subjected to methanol extraction to obtain a crude extract. From the petroleum ether fraction (PEF) of this extract, three fractions—designated LM1, LM2, and LM3—were prepared using column chromatography. The fractions were tried to be characterized in search for single compound by instrumental technique like ATR-FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR but the 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra were found complex which were difficult to interpret. To dispel the doubt and get clear idea about the structure, GC-MS analysis of the compounds was carried out whose result showed that all the three extracts were decomposed to several small organic compounds that made the structure elucidation difficult. For this complication, the characterization of the extracts was not possible. Numerous compounds were identified in the methanol extract of L.macrophylla through GC-MS analysis. Among these compounds, Benzene, 1,2,3-trimethyl- and Undecane were found in higher percentages in LM1. LM2 contained Azulene and Bicyclo [4.4.1]undeca-1,3,5,7,9-pentaene, while LM3 was characterized by the presence of 9,9-Dimethoxybicyclo [3.3.1]nona-2,4-dione and 11-(2-Cyclopenten-1-yl)undecanoic acid, among others. The antibacterial activity of these fractions was evaluated against various bacterial strains, demonstrating broad-spectrum effectiveness. LM1 fraction showed the highest antibacterial activity against Proteus sp. With zone of inhibition 25 mm and weak activity against S. sonnei with zone of inhibition 5 mm. LM2 showed the highest activity to both E. cocci and P. aeruginosa with the zone of inhibition of 18 mm and comparatively lower but significant against Proteus sp. LM3 was highly active to S. sonnei with zone of inhibition 20 mm and lower but quite significant against Proteus sp. Moreover, the anti-diabetic potential was assessed, with LM1 showing the strongest α-amylase inhibitory activity, outperforming quercetin (standard). The IC50 values of LM1, LM2, LM3, and quercetin were 57.36 μg/mL, 100.66 μg/mL, 164.92 μg/mL, and 97.45 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, cytotoxicity was assessed using a brine shrimp lethality bioassay, and phytotoxicity was evaluated through seed germination and growth assays. The results suggest that L.macrophylla leaf extracts have potential applications in antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anti-cancer contexts. This comprehensive study bridges gaps in knowledge surrounding L.macrophylla's multifaceted properties, offering insights into its therapeutic and ecological potential for healthcare and environmental management.

Antihyperglycemic potential of fermented Digitaria exilis polysaccharide partially substituted with Clendendrum volubile leaf extract

Digitaria exilis and Clendendrum volubile are underutilized food resources common in Africa. Clendendrum volubile leaf has a history of being used in traditional medicine to treat or manage hyperglycemia. Despite Clendendrum volubile nutritive and pharmaceutical significance, no scientific study has explored its application in functional food development. In this study, the inhibitory activities of Clendendrum volubile leaf extract (CVLE) against α-amylase and α-glucosidase was determined. Fermented Digitaria exilis polysaccharide (FDEP) was partially substituted with CVLE at different percentages (0.8 % and 1.2 %) and its antihyperglycemic effect was investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic rat models. Results showed that the IC50 (CVLE extract concentration causing 50 % enzyme inhibition) for α-amylase and α-glucosidase were 330 μg/mL and 120 μg/mL, respectively, compared to acarbose, a standard inhibitor of starch-digesting enzymes, which had IC50 values of 370 μg/mL and 170 μg/mL for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. The animal study showed that FDEP containing 0.8 % CVLE lowered the blood glucose level of diabetic rats by 45.31 % after 24 days. Increasing CVLE concentration in the FDEP to 1.2 % not only reduced blood glucose by 72.97 % after 24 days, comparable to metformin's 74.29 % reduction, but also alleviated body weight loss and improved liver function by lowering alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase.

Sustainable bioactive copper oxide nanoparticles for enhanced environmental remediation and biomedical solicitations: Experimental and molecular docking investigation

The present research focuses on the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) through the green route using the novel plant Malachra alceifolia leaf extract. The particles were characterized by various techniques such as UV–visible, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and EDX. The formation of CuO NPs was confirmed by UV–visible spectra with the maximum absorbance at 303 nm. FTIR study proves the presence of functional groups involved as capping and stabilizing agents during the formation of CuO NPs. XRD technique reveals the monoclinic crystalline nature and size to be 42.3 nm of CuO NPs. TEM and SEM data demonstrate the spherical shape, and the average size was found to be 19.9 nm. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficacy of CuO NPs against microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli were studied. These NPs possess better antibacterial efficiency against the Gram-positive bacteria with maximum zone of inhibition. Nanoparticles show better antifungal properties against Trichoderma viride at higher concentrations. CuO NPs possess excellent anti-proliferative effects on the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) with an IC50 value of 53.65 μg/mL and inhibit free radicals which are responsible for age-related problems and cancers. In addition, the computational work, molecular docking analysis was performed to analyze the binding interactions efficiency between the enzyme active sites, bioactive molecule, and CuO NPs. The Gram-positive variant, S. aureus showed the highest binding energy of −9.35 kcal/mol with a hydrogen bond between the hydrogen of the bioactive molecule and oxygen of Leu28 amino acid with a distance of 2.29 Å. The attained results demonstrate that biomolecule and CuO NPs show more binding affinity with Gram-positive variants than Gram-negative variants with high binding energy. Furthermore, the ability of toxic methylene blue dye removal was also investigated. It degrades 96.2 % of methylene blue dye from the wastewater within 120 min.

PHYTOCHEMICAL VARIABILITY OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS FROM DIFFERENT AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES IN KENYA

Medicinal properties of plants are a factor of their photochemical content and profile. Agro-climatic factors such as temperature, sunlight, water availability, and soil composition can influence the profile of bioactive phytochemicals in plants and hence their medicinal potential. The study investigated the phytochemical variability in leaf extracts of selected medicinal plants, mango, guava, and avocado, from different agro-climatic zones in Kenya. Fresh healthy leaves were sampled from two hundred and twenty-seven mango (83), guava (85), and avocado (59) accessions in nine different areas. Methanol extracts of the leaves were prepared and assayed for total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity. The TPC and TFC distribution in the extracts did not correlate with the agro-climate zones. However, patterns were observed that are attributable to geographical and specific agro-climatic parameters. Further, correlation analyses showed that specific agro-climatic parameters significantly affected TPC and TFC. Specifically, guava TPC and avocado TPC and mango TFC, had moderately negative correlation with rainfall and soil moisture. Mango TFC had moderate correlation with altitude and temperature. However, none of the correlations was high (r ≥ 0.5), suggesting effect of other confounding factors. No discernable trend was observed with the antioxidant properties. Though some geographical patterns and correlations with agro-climatic parameters were established in the study, TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity and agro-climatic zones may not be conclusively used to characterize these medicinal plants. Future studies may narrow on specific bioactive molecules and specific agro-climatic parameters.

Mulberry leaf extract ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice by regulating the gut microbiota and metabolites

The increasing prevalence of obesity presents a notable challenge to global health. Mulberry leaves enriched with biologically active substances hold promise for alleviating obesity. This research assessed the efficacy of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) in mitigating obesity and metabolic disturbances in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The results demonstrated that MLE, administered at both low (167 mg/kg) and high (333 mg/kg) doses, decreased weight gain and fat accumulation, improved glucose metabolism, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and reduced inflammation. Analysis of fecal samples via 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that MLE corrected the gut microbiota imbalance caused by HFD, lowering the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio as well as increasing the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium, Faecalibaculum, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002, and Dubosiella. Additionally, serum non-targeted metabolomics analysis identified 19 key differential metabolites associated with MLE treatment, which were primarily related to glycerophospholipid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism. Correlation analysis revealed negative associations between Dubosiella and Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002 with specific phospholipids, and positive associations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetate and quinoline-4,8-diol with Bifidobacterium and Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002. These findings suggest that MLE is effective in treating obesity and underscores its potential as a functional food.

Therapeutic Efficacy of Persimmon Leaf Flavonoids Extract in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease

In this research, the effects of persimmon leaf extract in treating ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) were analyzed, and the therapeutic outcomes were evaluated using techniques such as computed tomography (CT) angiography. Firstly, the impact of extraction conditions on the yield of flavonoids from persimmon leaves was assessed, and their scavenging rates (SRs) against three types of free radicals (DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion) were measured. Subsequently, 80 patients with ICVD were enrolled. Before treatment, patients’ carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque composition was evaluated using gemstone spectral CT, and the effects of conventional therapy (Ctrl group) were compared with those of treatment using persimmon leaf extract (Test group) on the patients’ blood lipids (BLs), blood glucose (BG) levels, hemorheology, hemodynamics, and CT angiography/perfusion imaging characteristics. Additionally, the post-treatment recurrence rate was recorded. The results revealed that the solvent concentration, ultrasonic power, temperature, time, and solid-liquid ratio markedly influenced the yield of persimmon leaf extract. Furthermore, the persimmon leaf extract demonstrated remarkable efficacy in scavenging three types of free radicals, namely DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion. The clinical results demonstrated that the main components of carotid artery plaque in ICVD patients were lipids, fibrous matrix, and hemorrhage, and the spectral curve combined with CT values accurately differentiated these plaque components. Patients in Test group exhibited notable improvements versus Ctrl group (P <0.05) in their serum lipid profiles (reduced total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels), BG levels (decreased fasting BG (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and postprandial 2-hour BG (2h-PG) levels), hemorheological parameters (decreased low-shear whole blood viscosity (LSBV), high-shear whole blood viscosity (HSBV), blood viscosity (PV), packed cell volume (PCV), platelet adhesion rate (PAR), and fibrinogen (FIB) levels), transcranial Doppler ultrasound parameters (increased mean blood flow velocity (Vm), peak systolic velocity (PSV), and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) of middle cerebral artery (CA), anterior CA, and basilar artery), and CT angiography with perfusion imaging parameters (increased cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and region cerebral blood volume (rCBV), shortened time to peak (TTP)). Additionally, recurrence rates of transient ischemic attack and cerebral infarction were lower in Test group compared to Ctrl group. In summary, the findings suggest that persimmon leaf extract possesses potent antioxidant properties. Spectral CT can identify and distinguish carotid artery plaque components. Furthermore, persimmon leaf extract effectively improved blood lipids, blood pressure, hemorheology, hemodynamics, and cerebral perfusion status, thereby reducing the risk of recurrence in ICVD.

Implementation of Silver Nanoparticles Green Synthesized with Leaf Extract of Coccinia grandis as Antimicrobial Agents Against Head and Neck Infection MDR Pathogens.

Head and neck infections (HNI) associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) offer several health issues on a global scale due to inaccurate diagnosis. This study aimed to identify the bacteria and Candidal isolates and implement the silver nanoparticles green synthesized with leaf extract of Coccinia grandis (Cg-AgNPs) as a therapeutic approach against HNI pathogens. The Cg-AgNPs were characterized by the UV-visible spectrophotometer, FT-IR analysis, Zeta particle size, Zeta potential, and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis to validate the synthesis of nanoparticles. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of Cg-AgNPs was presented by the zone of inhibition (ZOI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC), and antibiofilm assay. Moreover, the cell wall rupture assay was visualized on SEM for the morphological study of antimicrobial activities, and the in-vivo toxicity was performed in a swiss mice model to evaluate the impact of Cg-AgNPs on various biological parameters. Different bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Candida sp. (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida glabrata) were identified. The MIC, MBC, and antibiofilm potential of Cg-AgNPs were found to be highest against A. baumannii: 1.25 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, and 85.01±5.19% respectively. However, C. albicans and C. orthopsilosis revealed 23 mm and 21 mm of ZOI. Subsequently, the micromorphology of the cell wall rupture assay confirmed the efficacy of Cg-AgNPs, and no significant alterations were seen in biochemical and hematological parameters on the swiss mice model in both acute and subacute toxicity studies. The green synthesized Cg-AgNPs have multifunctional activities like antibacterial, anticandidal, and antibiofilm activity with no toxicity and can be introduced against the HNI pathogens.

"Moringa leaf extract alleviates salt stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) by activating antioxidant defenses, reducing osmolyte accumulation, improving water status, and enhancing yield."

Salt stress poses a significant threat to crop productivity, prompting investigations into mitigation strategies. This study assessed the efficacy of foliar spraying with moringa leaf extract (MLE) to alleviate salt stress at concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM, alongside a control (0 mM), in tomato plants. Salt stress-induced marked significant reductions in vegetative parameters (shoot height, root length, stem diameter, and number of leaves plant-1), yet MLE-treated plants exhibited enhanced growth compared to the untreated and control plants. Salinity adversely affected chlorophyll content, relative water content, and membrane stability index, all of which were significantly ameliorated by MLE application. Additionally, MLE treatment bolstered the activity of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and proline accumulation, contributing to improved plant resilience. Notably, MLE-treated plants demonstrated significantly increased yields compared to untreated counterparts. These findings underscore the potential of MLE as a bioresource for mitigating salt stress in tomato plants, offering promising avenues for sustainable crop management in the highly saline soil in a region like Qatar.

Sennosides A and B could contribute to the antimicrobial efficiency of Senna alexandrina Mill. against pathogenic bacteria in vitro and in vivo models

The search of new antimicrobial compounds is increasing in due with increasing bacterial infections. Discovering effective antibacterial medications is crucial for improving healthcare and combating bacterial infections. Senna alexandrina Mill. known as Tinnevelly senna, used as herbal extract in traditional medicine and found be rich in anthraquinone glycosides like sennoside A (SA) and sennoside B (SB), shows significant biological activity as a potential therapeutic agent. This study assessed the antibacterial effects of senna extracts on Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, both in vitro and in vivo. HPLC analysis identified sennosides as the major compounds in senna extracts, with the highest concentration found in the leaves, followed by the pods, flowers, stems, and roots. The leaf extract showed the highest sennoside content (SA 27.21 mg/g and SB 29.1 mg/g) compared to other plant parts. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of sennosides through the detection of carboxylic acids and OH functional groups in S. alexandrina extracts. Extracts rich in sennosides displayed potent in vitro antibacterial activity (1000 µg/mL) by generating ROS, penetrating and becoming disruptive to bacterial functions. Similarly, in Caenorhabditis elegans model, they inhibited bacterial growth and colonization and enhanced physiological functions in the worms. Senna extract (1000 µg/mL) improved intestinal barrier's structural stability in C. elegans by outcompeting pathogenic bacteria and prolonged survival rates of those infected with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus to 56.6 % and 62.4 %, respectively, confirming the potent antibacterial efficacy of senna leaf methanolic extracts due to their high sennoside content in both in vitro and in vivo models.

Antibacterial effects of Psidium guajava leaf extracts on diarrhea caused by Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli in sheep

Diarrhea in neonatal ruminants, especially sheep, poses a serious challenge in livestock management, often leading to high mortality rates. The primary pathogens responsible are Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. This study explores the antibacterial potential of Psidium guajava (guava) leaf extracts as an alternative to conventional treatments. Guava leaves, collected from Tubah subdivision, Mezam, were processed into aqueous and ethanolic extracts. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds including resins, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, and flavonoids. Antibacterial activity was assessed using agar well diffusion and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) methods. The aqueous extract displayed dose-dependent antibacterial effects, with inhibition zones of 16.0 mm against E. coli and 15.2 mm against S. typhimurium at 100 mg/ml, which were less effective compared to Gentamycin (19 mm). The MIC values for the aqueous extract were 6.25–3.13 mg/ml for E. coli and 12.5–6.25 mg/ml for S. Typhimurium. In contrast, the ethanolic extract showed slightly superior efficacy with inhibition zones of 16.2 mm for E. coli and 17.6 mm for S. Typhimurium at 100 mg/ml. The MIC values for the ethanolic extract were 3.13–1.56 mg/ml for E. coli and 6.25–3.13 mg/ml for S. typhimurium, indicating higher potency than the aqueous extract. Conclusively, both guava leaf extracts exhibit significant antibacterial properties, with the ethanolic extract being more potent. These results validate the traditional use of Psidium guajava and suggest its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent, though further research is needed to optimize its therapeutic applications.

Effectiveness of Sambiloto leaf extract as an antimalarial through plasmodium heme polymerization inhibition: A review

Effectiveness of Sambiloto leaf extract as an antimalarial through plasmodium heme polymerization inhibition: A review

Biosynthesis; Characterization; and Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Docking Potentials of Doped Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Pine Needle Leaf Extract

The current study focused on the synthesis of doped silver nanoparticles (doped AgNPs) with yttrium (Y), gadolinium (Gd), and chromium (Cr) from pine needle leaf extract (PNLE). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to assess the phase formation, detecting 61.83% from Ag and 38.17% for secondary phases of AgCl, AgO, Y, Cr-, and Gd phases. The size and shape of the NPs were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), showing a spherical shape with an average particle size of 26.43 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) detected the oxidation state of the presented elements. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) determined the morphology and elemental composition of the NPs, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) determined the different functional groups indicating the presence of Ag, Y, Gd, Cr, and other groups. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy showed the optical properties of the NPs. A vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) revealed the ferromagnetic behavior of the doped AgNPs. The antibacterial activity of the doped AgNPs was tested against six uro-pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) microdilution assays, agar well diffusion assay, time–kill test, and antibiofilm screening assays, revealing significant activity, with MICs ranging between 0.0625 and 0.5 mg/mL and antibiofilm activity between 40 and 85%. The antioxidant activity was determined by the 1,1, diphenyl 1-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay with a potential of 61.3%. The docking studies showed that the doped AgNPs had the potential to predict the inhibition of crucial enzymes such as penicillin-binding proteins, LasR-binding proteins, carbapenemase, DNA gyrase, and dihydropteroate synthase. The results suggest that the doped AgNPs can be applied in different medical domains.

Dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoter on live performance, carcase traits, physical meat quality, and health status of broiler chickens

Dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoter on live performance, carcase traits, physical meat quality, and health status of broiler chickens

In vitro antioxidant, anticancer and in silico studies of polyphenol enriched leaf extract of Asystasia gangetica

In vitro antioxidant, anticancer and in silico studies of polyphenol enriched leaf extract of Asystasia gangetica

In vitro Evaluation of the Compatibility between Bactericides, Bioagents with Alkaloid Rich Fractions

The bacterial blight of pomegranate caused by Xanthomonas axonopodispv. Punicae has become a conceivably dangerous infection. Though, the chemical management is efficient, their hazardous effects restrict them for their usage. In this context use of different parts of Prosopis juliflora extract along with antibiotics has become the alternative strategy for management of disease. Detection of secondary metabolites from different parts of the P. juliflorausing specific test indicated the presence of various secondary metabolites. However, leaf extract exhibited high concentration metabolites compared to green pod, yellow pod and inflorescence. Management of this disease utilizing plant extracts is an eco-friendly approach. Alkaloid rich fractions obtained from the different parts of Prosopis juliflora in combination with bactericides were found compatible. Leaf ARF with streptocycline @ 500 ppm showed maximum inhibition of 40.66 mm. Wherein combination with copper hydroxide @ 0.25% ppm and 2-bromo-2-nitro propane-1,3-diol @ 500 ppm showed inhibition of 25.00 mm and 36.98 mm whereas copper oxychloride @ 0.3% showed inhibition of 28.19 mm. These fundings can be used as an effective, eco friendly management strategy against the disease and a feasible solution for antibiotic resistance.

Anti- Inflammatory Activities Of The Methanol Leaf Extract And Fractions Of Elaesis Guineensis In In-Vivo Animals

Abstract Objective Objective of this paper is to investigate the preliminary anti-inflammatory property of the leaves and its fractions of Elaesis guineensis using egg induced albumin and formaldehyde induced arthritis models in rats. Method Egg albumin induced inflammation was induced by sub-plantar injection of 0.1 ml of fresh undiluted egg albumin. The volume of distilled water displaced by the treated paw was measured at 0.5,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours after induction of inflammation. Formaldehyde-induced arthritis was induced after 30 min by sub-plantar injection of 0.1 ml of 2.5% formaldehyde solution and was repeated on day 3. Arthritis was assessed by measuring the volume of distilled water displaced by the paw before induction of arthritis and once every day for ten days, starting from day one, after induction of arthritis. Results The acute toxicity test revealed that the plant extract was safe even at 5000 mg/kg dose level. The methanol extract (ME) showed a dose-dependent inhibition of egg albumin-induced acute inflammation that peaked at the dose of 200 mg/kg, while the fractions of the extract showed that the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions had the highest activity during the experiment. Similarly, the crude extract of the formaldehyde induced arthritis showed a dose-dependent inhibition making the 200 mg/kg the most active dose level. Additionally, it was observed that among the fractions of the extract the hexane fraction (HF) showed the most significant inhibitory activity when compared to other fractions Conclusion this study establishes that the methanol leaf extract and fractions ofElaesis guineensis possess significant anti-inflammatory activity

Retraction Note to: Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Gmelina asiatica leaf extract against filariasis, dengue, and malaria vector mosquitoes.

Retraction Note to: Synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Gmelina asiatica leaf extract against filariasis, dengue, and malaria vector mosquitoes.

Analysis of PH, foam stability, and antioxidant activity in soap formulation from extract of pedada leaves (Sonneratia caseolaris) and pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius)

Plant-based antioxidant soap formulations need to continue to be developed. Soap formulated from extracts of pedada leaves (Sonneratia caseolaris) and pandan leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius) has been observed using 5-15 mL acetone or ethanol solvents for pedada leaf extraction, and extract concentrations of 0-40% and cocamide-DEA 2-8% for pandan leaves. The formulation results obtained from observing soap products from pedada leaf and pandan leaf extracts have pH, foam stability, antioxidant activity, and detergency power that comply with standards. Contour plot analysis for both formulations shows that the pH of the soap will decrease as the amount of solvent used decreases. Meanwhile, the addition of cocamide DEA increases the pH of liquid soap. Foam stability increases with increasing solvent amount but slightly decreases with the addition of cocamide-DEA.