Corn Extract Research Articles

Potential Role of Bioactive Compounds of Purple Corn as Breast Cancer Drug Candidates Through Inhibition of Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinase 6 (Cdk6): An In-Silico Approach

Cancer is characterized by disorderly cell proliferation. Upregulation and activation of the Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinase 6 (CDK6) signalling pathway can induce uncontrolled proliferation of breast cancer cells. Therefore, inhibition of CDK6 persists to be developed as a target for the design and development of potential drugs to treat breast cancer. This study aims to predict the biofunction of anthocyanin compounds from purple corn extract as Cyclin- Dependent Protein Kinase 6 (CDK6) inhibitors in silico. The research methods used include data mining, ligand and receptor preparation, molecular docking, docking visualization, and data analysis. Our results show that six compounds of purple corn extract (cyanidin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin, peonidin, and peonidin-3-glucoside) can bind CDK6 at the C-terminal and N-terminal domains. The binding pattern indicated that cyanidin, cyanidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin, peonidin, and peonidin-3-glucoside bind to the identical site CDK6 residues as Palbociclib (control). This finding indicated that compounds from purple corn are most likely competitive inhibitors of CDK6. Peonidin-3-glucoside showed the lowest binding energy of -282.5 kcal/mol, close to palbociclib (-329.4 kcal/mol).

Native corn (Zea mays L., cv. ‘Elotes Occidentales’) polyphenols extract reduced total cholesterol and triglycerides levels, and decreased lipid accumulation in mice fed a high-fat diet

Obesity is a complex disease with numerous molecular and metabolic implications that could be prevented through proper diet and lifestyle. Native corn is a promissory underutilized plant species containing bioactive compounds that could reduce the impact of obesity. This research aimed to characterize and evaluate the anti-obesogenic effect of a polyphenols-rich extract of native corn (‘Elotes Occidentales’) in HFD-fed mice. The powdered extract was administered using gelatins to C57BL/6 J mice randomly divided into four groups (n:8/group) for 13 weeks: standard diet (SD) group, HFD group, HFD+200 mg extract/kg body weight (BW), and HFD+400 mg extract/kg BW/day. Ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and kaempferol were the most abundant phenolics (2022.44–4028.43 µg/g). Among the HFD groups, the highest dose of the extracts promoted the lowest BW gain, and fasting triglycerides and cholesterol levels. Moreover, the HFD+400 mg/kg BW group showed the lowest epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue weight and adipocytes’ diameter and area between the HFD-treated animals. The extract administration prevented hepatic lipid accumulation. Rutin demonstrated the highest in silico binding affinity with proteins from the AMPK pathway (ACACA, SIRT1, and SREBP1) (-6.70 to −8.70 kcal/mol). Results indicated beneficial effects in alleviating obesity-associated parameters in vivo due to bioactive compounds from native maize extracts.

A Induksi pertumbuhan tunas anggrek (Dendrobium sp.) dengan pemberian BAP dan ekstrak jagung manis (Zea mays L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of BAP and sweet corn extract on the formation of shoots as an effort to propagate Dendrobium sp. This study used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor is the concentration of BAP which consists of 4 levels, namely B0 : 0 ppm, B1 : 1 ppm, B2 : 2 ppm, B3 : 3 ppm and the second factor is the concentration of sweet corn extract which consists of 4 levels, namely J0 : 0 gr/l , J20 : 20 gr/l, J40 : 40 gr/l, J60 : 60 gr/l. There were 16 treatment combinations and each treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 48 experimental units. Data on the emergence of shoots and roots were analyzed descriptively. Data on the number of shoots, number of leaves, plantlet height and number of roots were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if they were significantly different, further tests would be carried out with the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level. The results showed that the interaction between BAP and sweet corn extract had a significant effect on the number of shoots, number of leaves, plantlet height, and number of roots. The best results for the average number of shoots and leaves in the B2J60 treatment were 4.67 shoots and 15.67 leaves. The best results for the average plantlet height in the B1J60 treatment were 3.77 cm. The best result for the average number of roots in the B2J40 treatment was 8.33 roots.

Pigmented corn as a gluten-free source of polyphenols with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in CaCo-2 cells

A high number of varieties from corn (Zea mays L.) have been consumed for long time all over the world, however pigmented varieties are recently gaining renewed attention due to their beneficial effects and polyphenolic content.The natural lack of gluten makes corn suitable for consumption by celiac population, who need to control their inflammatory state through an appropriate gluten-free diet. The biological effects of polyphenols from pigmented corn are poorly investigated in the context of celiac disease. In this work, we analyzed through HPLC-DAD the phenolic composition of two Italian purple and red varieties (“Scagliolo Rosso” and “Rostrato di Rovetta”, respectively) comparing their effects in human intestinal epithelial cells (CaCo-2 cells). The possible impact of gastro-intestinal digestion following oral consumption was assessed as well.The phenolic profile showed the presence of phenolic acids in both varieties, while anthocyanins were identified in Scagliolo Rosso only. After simulated digestion, the level of polyphenols did not significantly change and paralleled with an increased scavenging activity. In CaCo-2 cells, stimulated by a proinflammatory cocktail containing gliadin-derived peptides (IL-1β, IFN-γ, digested gliadin), pigmented corn extracts inhibited the release of CXCL-10 and sICAM-1, with mechanisms partially ascribed to NF-κB impairment. At the same concentration (200 μg/mL), ROS production and catalase depletion were reverted through Nrf-2-independent mechanisms.Our data suggest that polyphenols from pigmented corns might help in controlling the inflammatory and oxidative state of people with celiac disease at intestinal level, at concentrations potentially achievable through a gluten-free diet.

Yield and quality responses of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to natural growth regulators

Abstract Tomato are horticultural commodities that had been widely consumed by the people of Indonesia, but their production is still fluctuating. Tomato commodities have increased in demand because they can be used in various preparations with nutritional content that is good for health. The lack of production compared to the demand for tomato commodities required steps to increase production, one of which is by providing a booster in the form of a natural growth regulator. This study used a Split Plot Design (2x5) with a basic design of Randomized Block Design. The main plot was tomato variety consisting of two types, namely Fortuna and Servo F1. The subplots were natural growth regulators consisting of five types, Water, GA3 100 ppm, Sweet Corn Extract equivalent to 100 ppm GA3, Shallot Extract equivalent to 100 ppm, and Moringa Leaf Extract equivalent to 100 ppm GA3. The results showed that the treatment of different plant varieties affected the parameters of the number of flowers per plant 5 weeks after planting, and the number of fruits per plant. The interaction between natural growth regulators and varieties affected the number of flowers per plant at 8 weeks after planting and Brix.

Физиологические свойства перспективного грибного штамма антагониста возбудителя сухой гнили подсолнечника Т-5 Trichoderma sp.

Dry rot is one of the most dangerous and wide spreading disease on sunflower in last years. Due to the growing demand for environmentally friendly production of agricultural products, the demand for competitive microbiological products is increasing. Since 2020, there are studied and developed environmentally friendly microbiological preparations of a multifunctional type of action against the dry rot pathogen on sunflower Rhizopus oryzae Went & Prins. Geerl. at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. The physiological qualities of a promising antagonist strain of the dry rot pathogen T-5 Trichoderma sp. isolated as a result of stepwise screening were studied during stationary cultivation on liquid nutrient media in order to develop elements of a technological regimen for the production of a microbiological preparation in a preparative form wettable powder. Optimal conditions for surface cultivation of the fungus T-5 Trichoderma sp. on a liquid nutrient medium were determined as following: temperature +25 °C; acidic reaction of the medium (pH 3); glucose and starch as carbon source; source of nitrogen nutrition is corn extract. The media by Rudakova and No. 1 were identified as the best complicated liquid nutrient media.

Extraction of Corn Plant Phenotypic Parameters with Keypoint Detection and Stereo Images

Corn is a global crop that requires the breeding of superior varieties. A crucial aspect of the breeding process is the accurate extraction of phenotypic parameters from corn plants. The existing challenges in phenotypic parameter extraction include low precision, excessive manual involvement, prolonged processing time, and equipment complexity. This study addresses these challenges by opting for binocular cameras as the data acquisition equipment. The proposed stereo corn phenotype extraction algorithm (SCPE) leverages binocular images for phenotypic parameter extraction. The SCPE consists of two modules: the YOLOv7-SlimPose model and the phenotypic parameter extraction module. The YOLOv7-SlimPose model was developed by optimizing the neck component, refining the loss function, and pruning the model based on YOLOv7-Pose. This model can better detect bounding boxes and keypoints with fewer parameters. The phenotypic parameter extraction module can construct the skeleton of the corn plant and extract phenotypic parameters based on the coordinates of the keypoints detected. The results showed the effectiveness of the approach, with the YOLOv7-SlimPose model achieving a keypoint mean average precision (mAP) of 96.8% with 65.1 million parameters and a speed of 0.09 s/item. The phenotypic parameter extraction module processed one corn plant in approximately 0.2 s, resulting in a total time cost of 0.38 s for the entire SCPE algorithm to construct the skeleton and extract the phenotypic parameters. The SCPE algorithm is economical and effective for extracting phenotypic parameters from corn plants, and the skeleton of corn plants can be constructed to evaluate the growth of corn as a reference. This proposal can also serve as a valuable reference for similar functions in other crops such as sorghum, rice, and wheat.

A disposable immunosensor array using cellulose paper assembled chemiresistive biosensor for simultaneous monitoring of mycotoxins AFB1 and FB1

Due to the common contamination of multiple mycotoxins in food, which results in stronger toxicity, it is particularly important to simultaneously test for various mycotoxins for the protection of human health. In this study, a disposable immunosensor array with low-cost was designed and fabricated using cellulose paper, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs), which was modified with specific antibodies for mycotoxins AFB1 and FB1 detection. The strategy for fabricating the immunosensor array with two individual channels involved a two-step protocol starting with the form of two kinds of carbon films by depositing single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and s-SWCNTs on the cellulose paper as the conductive wire and sensing element, followed by the assembly of chemiresistive biosensor with SWCNTs strip as the wire and s-SWCNTs as the sensing element. After immobilizing AFB1-bovine serum albumin (AFB1-BSA) and FB1-bovine serum albumin (FB1-BSA) separately on the different sensing regions, the formation of mycotoxin-BSA-antibody immunocomplexes transfers to electrochemical signal, which would change with the different concentrations of free mycotoxins. Under optimal conditions, the immunosensor array achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.46 pg/mL for AFB1 and 0.34 pg/mL for FB1 within a wide dynamic range from 1 pg/mL to 20 ng/mL. Furthermore, the AFB1 and FB1 spiked in the ground corn and wheat extracts were detected with satisfactory recoveries, demonstrating the excellent practicality of this established method for simultaneous detection of mycotoxins.

IMPROVEMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY AND SEED GROWTH OF EXPIRED CAYENNE PEPPER (Capsicum frutescens) THROUGH INVIGORATION TECHNIQUE USING YOUNG CORN EXTRACT

One of the problems in companies engaged in the seed. Production is the large number of seeds that can not be sold immediately or accumulate in storage warehouses resulting in expired seeds. Seeds in this condition will experience deterioration and decrease in quality so special treatment is needed to improve their physiological quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in the physiological quality and growth of expired cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) seeds through invigoration techniques using young corn extract (Zea mays). The research was conducted in the laboratory and Green House of Seed Production Techniques, Polytechnic of Jember, using the Non-Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with the concentration of young corn extract (K) as the treatment factor. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by DMRT level of 5%. The K factor consists of 5 levels, namely K02 (without soaking in young corn extract), K1 (20% of young corn extract), K2 (25% of young corn extract), K3 (30% of young corn extract), and K4 (35% of young corn extract ). The results showed that the use of young corn extract for expired cayenne pepper seeds invigoration had a significantly different effect on the parameters of growth synchrony and vigor index, and had a very significant effect on the parameters of germination power, maximum growth potential, and growth speed. These results indicate that young corn extract is capable of acting as a bio-invigorator in improving the physiological quality of expired seeds.

Application of corn extract in poultry feeding

Application of corn extract in poultry feeding

Pengaruh Pemberian Kompos dan ZPT Nabati dari Ekstrak Jagung Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum)

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a plant that is widely grown in Indonesia. Market demand for tomatoes is high when compared to other fruit and vegetable commodities. Price instability can be caused by several factors, including decreased crop productivity. Providing nutrition that is considered safe is by using organic materials on agricultural land, which is one solution to the problem of land degradation. Providing compost and vegetable PGR from corn extract are organic additives that are safe to use in cultivation activities. VegetablePGR from corn extract contains the cytokinin hormone which plants need for the growth process. This research was conducted in a Greenhouse located in Martopuro Village, Pasuruan Regency. The experiment was carried out factorially using the basic pattern of Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The observed variables included plant height, leaf area index, percentage of flowers becoming fruit, number of fruit, fruit diameter, fruit weight, vitamin C content. The data obtained through measurements were then analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANNOVA). If the results of the ANNOVA analysis show significantly different results, it is necessary to carry out further tests using the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a confidence level of 95%. The research results showed that the interaction of compost and vegetable PGR from corn extract showed very significantly different results on plant height variables. The single compost treatment showed significantly different results on the variables of plant height, leaf area index and number of fruit. The single plant PGR factor from corn extract showed significantly different results on the leaf area index variable.

Aplikasi Ekstrak Jagung dan Air Kelapa Muda sebagai Zat Pengatur Tumbuh pada Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the dosage of natural plant growth regulators (PGR), corn extract, and coconut water on the early growth of cocoa seedlings. This research was conducted from May to July 2023 in Hombel Ruteng, Langke Rembong District, Manggarai Regency. This study used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 treatment replicates, which consisted of 6 treatments: no treatment (P0), 40 mL/Polibag (P1), 60 mL/Polibag (P2), 100 mL/Polibag (P3), 150 mL/Polibag (P4), and 200 mL/Polibag (P5). There were 24 experimental units, so this research had 24 polibags as planting media. The parameters observed were plant height, leaf count, stem diameter, leaf length, and wet weight. The results showed that treatment (P5) provided the best results with 7.00 leaves, 9.05 cm leaf length, 0.20 mm stem diameter, and 4.00 g

New integrated system for raising poultry as a factor of increasing its productivity and metabolic status

The article presents the results of studying the influence of a developed scheme for raising poultry, including the use of 2.0% feed additive and 10.0% feed mixture (corn extract, perlite, corn grist) + 1% selephlan on metabolic processes, growth, development, safety and functional state of the liver of broiler chickens. It has been determined that the joint use of feed additives based on grain processing products and selephlan as a part of complete feeds for broiler chickens contributes to an increase in gross and average daily live weight gain by 6.9 and 7.5%, improvement feed conversion by 1.1%. The use of selephlan made it possible to neutralize the high load on the liver caused by the highly nutritious type of feeding of poultry, maintaining its healthy structure and functional activity, helping to reduce hepatoindicative enzymes by 39.2% (ALT) and by 13.4% (AST), and also activate protein and carbohydrate metabolism throughout the entire productive rearing period, which had a beneficial effect on the growth characteristics of meat poultry and the quality of the resulting livestock products.

Potential Biopesticides from Seed Extracts: A Sustainable Way to Protect Cotton Crops from Bollworm Damage

In the current study, the inhibitory effect of extracts from Gramineae (wheat, barley, and corn) and Leguminosae (sophora, bean, and pea) seeds was studied on the digestive alpha-amylase activity in cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner). The insect was bred on artificial food based on Vigna unguiculata in the greenhouse condition (26 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 10% (Relative Humidity), R.H., 16:8 (Light: Darkness), L: D). The extracts of wheat (95.2%), barley (84.6%), corn (73.8%), sophora (77%), Vigna unguiculata (52%), and pea (56.7%) significantly inhibited the alpha-amylase activity in H. armigera. Studying the impact of different fractions (obtained via deposition at various concentrations of ammonium sulfate salt) on the alpha-amylase enzyme activity demonstrated that in 0–30% fractions, wheat, barley, and sophora have the highest effect (95.26%, 94.65%, and 94.73%, respectively) compared to the other fractions. The inhibitory activities of 0–30% fractions of corn, bean, and pea were 83.3, 56.94, and 50.92%, respectively. In 30–50% fractions, the most effective ones were those of wheat and barley with the inhibitory activity of 79.7% and 82.9%, respectively. In addition, bean and pea fractions inhibited 25.2% and 27.5%, in that order. No significant inhibitory impact was detected in 50–70% or higher fractions. The investigation of the impact of pH values (i.e., 2, 4, 8, and 10) on the inhibition of the alpha-amylase enzyme activity introduced 8–10 as the optimum pH in H. armigera. Nanotechnology offers several ways to enhance plant-based pesticides, which are a solution for making plant extract usage more efficient. The exploration of plant-based pesticides, in conjunction with the incorporation of nanotechnology and other scientific fields, offers a wide range of prospects for further investigation.

Purple Corn Extract Improves Dry Eye Symptoms in Models Induced by Desiccating Stress and Extraorbital Lacrimal Gland Excision.

Dry eye disease (DED) occurs when there are not enough tears, and the associated symptoms-burns, itching, and a gritty feeling in the eye-can cause great discomfort. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of purple corn extract (PCE) on DED. Pretreatment with PCE prevented desiccation-stress-induced cell damage in human retinal pigment epithelial cells and primary human corneal epithelial cells. Furthermore, PCE reduced the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators in the induction of desiccation stress. The therapeutic effects of PCE on DED were evaluated in an animal model with induced unilateral excision of the exorbital lacrimal gland. The administration of PCE was effective at recovering tear production, corneal surface irregularity, and conjunctival goblet cell density, as well as at reducing apoptotic cell death in the outer layer of the corneal epithelium. Collectively, PCE improved dry eye symptoms, and, therefore, it could be a potential agent to ameliorate and/or treat DED.

Cerium-Biochar composite for the adsorptive and oxidative removal of Sunzol Black dye from aqueous solutions

The toxicity of industrial dyes in water being a major concern due to their high levels of contamination is a pressing issue. We studied the potential of a mesoporous Cerium/Biochar (nZVCe/BC) Corn extract composite to remove Sunzol Black (SB) dye from water. Advanced physical techniques were used to characterize the composite and found that it had a very high crystallinity surface area. The morphology and structure of the newly synthesized composite were thoroughly studied through, Fourier–Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), and Brunner–Emmett-Teller (BET). The morphology of the newly synthesized nanocomposite (nZVCe/BC) appeared to be highly dispersed and uniform. To increase its removal efficiency, to investigate the catalytic potential of the composite with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and found that the OH radical generated by this process significantly enhanced the degradation of SB. The degradation of SB was hindered by the presence of hydroxyl radical scavengers. Using a combination of H2O2 and Ce/BC, the removal of SB increased from 65 to 85% after 90 min when [Ce]⁰, [SB], and [H2O2] were set to 0.5 g/L, 10, and 40 ppm, respectively. This was attributed to the hydroxyl radical, which has a high degree of reactivity. The synthesized Ce nanocomposite had a high surface area (16.82 m2/g) and achieved 63 % removal of SB dye within 85 min, when the starting concentrations of Ce and SB were 0.5 g/L and 10 parts-per-million (ppm), respectively. The impact of the pH of an aqueous solution on the removal of SB through photocatalytic processes was studied. It was found that the degradation of SB was hindered at both highly alkaline and highly acidic pH levels. The results showed that almost 90% of the SB was removed. Additionally, the removal pattern of SB was determined and the nature of the degradation products was identified.

PENGARUH JAHE TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN SIFAT ORGANOLEPTIK MINUMAN EKSTRAK JAGUNG UNGU (Zea mays L.)

One of the cultivable food crops, corn also serves a strategic purpose and has economic worth. Corn, as the primary source of carbs, is utilized as a rice alternative. Beverage goods are one alternative that can be made from corn. Anthocyanins found in purple corn work as antioxidants to stop atherosclerosis in the body. One sort of spice that offers numerous health advantages is ginger. Antioxidants are substances that can limit oxidation reactions by attaching to free radicals and highly reactive molecules. Antioxidants in food can minimize food spoiling processes, free radical oxidation, slow down the oxidation of lipids and oils, increase shelf life in the food sector, increase the storage of fat contained in food and prevent sensor and nutritional quality degradation. This study used the DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2,-picrylhydrazyl) which is a purple compound that will turn yellow when reacted with antioxidant activity and used a completely randomized design (CRD) method in the form of a single factor ratio of corn: ginger extract ( 100 g : 2 g, 3 g, 4 g, and 5 g) using 5 treatments and 3 replications. The organoleptic test used is the hedonic test, namely the level of preference test for the taste, texture, color, color of the purple corn extract drink. The score used is 1 – 5 (very dislike, dislike, somewhat like, like, and like very much). The data obtained were then analyzed and processed using SPSS with one way ANOVA. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity and the panelists' preference level of purple corn extract drink.

A Pilot Study to Identify Grass Species That Mediate Pollen Allergy in Thailand

Introduction: Some grass species that are either common or widely spread in Thailand have not been used for pollen allergy diagnosis. In order to improve diagnostic accuracy, the aim of this pilot study was to identify the grass species responsible for pollen allergy in Thailand. Methods: The skin sensitization of pollen extracts from six different grass species, including rice (Oryza sativa), corn (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), para grass (Urochloa mutica), ruzi grass (Urochloa eminii), and green panic grass (Megathyrsus maximus), was evaluated by skin prick test (SPT). Serum’s IgE specific to each pollen extract was analyzed by Western blot (WB). The ImmunoCAPTM test for Johnson grass was also evaluated. Results: Of the thirty-six volunteers who participated in this study, eighteen tested positive for at least one of the diagnostic tests, namely SPT, WB analysis, or ImmunoCAPTM. Notably, skin reactivity to para grass, corn, sorghum, and rice was more commonly observed compared to ruzi grass and green panic grass. However, in the WB analysis, individuals with pollen-specific IgE were more frequently detected in sorghum, green panic grass, corn, rice, and ruzi grass than para grass. Conclusion: In this pilot investigation, our findings indicate that the pollen extracts of rice, corn, sorghum, and para grass are associated with pollen allergy in Thailand. These results contribute to the current knowledge on the identification of grass species that are associated with pollen allergy in Thailand and Southeast Asia.

Gastro-protective Effect of Corn Diet against Indomethacin Induced Ulceration in Experimental Rats

Introduction: One of the most prevalent gastrointestinal ailments is gastric ulcer, which is caused by an imbalance between protective and aggressive factors. Zea mays Corn is a significant cereal crop containing natural phytochemical substances that are sources of nourishment. The methanolic extract of Corn, according to a previous study, lowers stomach acidity and inhibits the percentage of gastric ulceration with no knowledge on the mechanisms involved.
 Aim: This study investigated the underlying gastroprotective mechanisms of the Corn diet (ZD).
 Materials and Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were used, randomly grouped into 6; 1(Normal control), 2(Ulcerated control), 3, 4, 5 (prefed with ZD -55%, 65%, 75%) and 6 (cimetidine- 25mg/kg) for 28 days. Gastric ulcer was induced by oral administration of indomethacin (40mg/kg) and animals were sacrificed after 4 hours. The stomach was excised and cleaned, it was then homogenized and centrifuged for biochemical assays.
 Results: There is a significant reduction in gastric ulcer area in all treated groups. Significant increase in gastric tissue mucin content and gastric mucosal SOD, NO and PGE2 levels and significant reduction in the MDA was observed in the ZD and cimetidine group. Histological evaluation showed tubular glands closely packed and separated from each other by laminar propia, however there is mild presence of inflammatory cells within the laminar propia in the ZD groups compared to ulcerated control group that showed moderate oedema with infiltration of inflammatory cells with mild vascular congestion in the mucosa. There is significant reduction in the macroscopic gastric mucosal lesions with percentage inhibition of 90%, 92%, 90% and 92% in the ZD (55%, 65% and 75%) and cimetidine group respectively.
 Conclusion: Results obtained from this study suggests that Zm diet may have anti-ulcerogenic properties by enhancing antioxidant enzymes as well as, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 mechanisms.

Results of use of aqueous solution of corn extract as a growth stimulant in germination of triticale seeds

In the process of looking for ways to diversify the implementation into the production of secondary raw materials, a laboratory experiment was performed, the purpose of which was to determine whether the product of deep processing of corn, liquid corn extract, is suitable as a source of nutrients for seed germination. For this experiment, a winter cereal fodder crop was chosen - triticale (variety Tikhon). In a solution of corn extract with a concentration of 3 ml/l, triticale showed the best indicators of germination energy and germination compared to the control, which provides a perspective to study the application of this raw material as a natural biostimulator or a component of organic biofertilizer. According to biometric indicators, the seeds of winter triticale showed themselves better in the variant with a concentration of corn extract of 3 ml/l. In the variant with a concentration of corn extract of 5 ml/l, inhibition along the length of the roots is noticeable. The length of the sprout in two experimental variants is higher than in the control.